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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    A conceptual design and numerical analysis of the mixerless urea-SCR system
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz
    Górka, Krzysztof
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    wall film
    CFD
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    In the present study, an innovative design of a urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system without conventional mixing elements was developed. The aim was to obtain a high degree of urea decomposition, and uniform ammonia distribution at the inlet to the catalyst, while minimising the liquid film deposition and keeping the compact design. The concept of the design was based on creating high turbulence and elongating the flow paths of the droplets. The design was verified through a series of numerical simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach and a discrete droplet model (DDM) spray representation. The analysis included various operating conditions as well as subcooled and superheated sprays. A uniform ammonia distribution was achieved regardless of the operating points and spray properties. Additionally, in the case of a flash-boiling injection, a further reduction of the wall film was observed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 4; 12--20
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Combination of LNT and SCR for NOx reduction in passenger car applications
    Autorzy:
    Maunula, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134216.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    NOx
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    LNT
    catalysts
    diesel
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    katalizator
    Opis:
    The removal of NOx and particulate emissions in light-duty diesel vehicles will require the use of aftertreatment methods like Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea and Lean NOx Trap (LNT) (Euro 6 and beyond). A new concept is the combination of LNT + SCR, which enables on-board synthesis of ammonia (NH3), which reacts with NOx on the SCR catalyst. The main application for this kind system will be lighter passenger cars, where LNTs may be used instead of full urea-SCR system. That particular combinatory system was investigated by developing platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh) containing LNTs and SCR catalysts in this study. In the use conditions, the maximum temperature may reach temperatures up to 800°C and NOx reduction reactions should proceed without NO2 assistance in the SCR position after LNT and DPF. PtRh/LNT with the total loadings of 85 g/cft (2.8 g/L) and higher resulted in a high NOx efficiency above 80–90% with a broad operation window in the laboratory simulations. In the experimental conditions, a higher NH3 concentration after LNT was essential to simulate well the operation of SCR catalysts. The developed Cu-SCR catalyst showed a high hydrothermal durability up to the ageing temperature of 800°C and a wide operation window without the NO2 assistance (NO only in feed). Fe-SCR and V-SCR catalysts were more dependent on NO2. A studied concept had an air injection after LNT to keep SCR condition always in lean side, where the SCR reaction was promoted by oxygen resulting in high reduction selectivity to nitrogen (N2) without NH3 emissions. The simulations in reaction conditions and system design resulted in the proposals for the optimal design and main reaction mechanism in DOC + DPF + LNT + SCR systems.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 60-67
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potentials for NOx and CO2 reduction of combined NSC + passive SCR system in Diesel passenger car application
    Autorzy:
    Wittka, T.
    Holderbaum, B.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133953.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    exhaust aftertreatment
    NSC
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    fuel reformer
    oczyszczanie spalin
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The stringent pollutant and CO2 emission limitation in upcoming legislation norms for Diesel passenger car applications force the introduction of exhaust aftertreatment systems with maximum purification and energetic efficiency. The state-off-the-art technologies for NOx reduction, NOx storage and reduction catalyst (NSC) and selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR), show challenges for robust performance under strongly extended emission relevant operation conditions from cold start to high engine load and speed. One technical solution is the combination of NSC and passive SCR. This paper presents the experimental results obtained in the EUproject “Powerful”. On engine test bench and demonstrator vehicle, an exhaust aftertreatment system combining NSC, passive SCR and fuel reformer technology was developed and experimentally investigated steady-state and on road. The engine independent NSC operation offers potentials for lowered fuel consumption penalty by avoiding engine rich operation. The intrinsic NH3 formation during the NSC regeneration is used for additional NOx conversion on the passive SCR and reduces NOx and CO2 emission.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2014, 53, 2; 68-76
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Numerical evaluation of urea-mixing devices for close-coupled selective catalytic reduction systems
    Autorzy:
    Kaźmierski, Bartosz Grzegorz
    Kapusta, Łukasz Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202462.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    urea water solution
    urea mixer
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    roztwór mocznika
    mieszalnik mocznika
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    The following research presents a numerical evaluation of existing and conceptual urea-mixing devices used in close-coupled (to the engine) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. The analysis was aimed at the assessment of urea-mixing devices that could considerably enhance the reduction of nitrogen oxides from the diesel-engine combustion process under a wide range of operating conditions, including cold starts. The analysis showed that replacing blade-equipped static mixers with perforated stationary mixing devices may provide a more uniform spatial distribution of ammonia at the inlet to the SCR catalyst and reduce pressure drops generated by mixing devices. Moreover, the conceptual mixing devices, based on combinations of the blade and perforated mixers to develop intensive turbulence, enabled the increase of the mixing length leading to effective decomposition of the urea-water solution (UWS), and provided uniform spatial distribution of ammonia, even for the small-sized mixing systems. However, the intensive mixing was often associated with a significant rise in the pressure drop.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 84--93
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Impact of flameproof exhaust system on efficiency of selective catalytic reduction
    Wpływ ognioszczelnego układu wylotowego na sprawność metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej
    Autorzy:
    Kaczmarczyk, K.
    Brzeżański, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    flameproof exhaust system
    NOx emission
    selective catalytic reduction
    ognioszczelny układ wylotowy
    emisja tlenków azotu
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Opis:
    Ecological problems associated with operation of diesel engine in underground excavation areas are discussed. Characteristic features of diesel drives operating in excavation zones threatened by explosion hazard, including technical problems with use of selective catalytic reduction, are presented. The results of stationary tests of flameproof diesel drive, in which selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was used, are given.
    W artykule omówiono problemy ekologiczne związanie z pracą silnika z zapłonem samoczynnym w wyrobiskach podziemnych. Przedstawiono cechy charakterystyczne spalinowych układów napędowych pracujących w wyrobiskach zagrożonych wybuchem, uwzględniając problemy techniczne związane z zastosowaniem metody selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej. Zaprezentowano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań stanowiskowych ognioszczelnego, spalinowego układu napędowego, w którym zastosowano metodę selektywnej redukcji katalitycznej tlenków azotu.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2015, 54, 4; 26-33
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of retrofit devices for the Horizon 2020 Cleanest Engine and Vehicle Retrofit Prizes
    Autorzy:
    Giechaskiel, Barouch
    Suarez-Bertoa, Ricardo
    Melas, Anastasios
    Selleri, Tommaso
    Maggiore, Maurizio
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097660.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    retrofit
    fuel supply innovation
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    Horizon 2020 prizes
    zasilanie paliwem
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    Horyzont 2020
    Opis:
    The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a “condensation” aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the “condensation” aftertreatment device showed that it could not with-stand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligble for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 7--34
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of the injection frequency on the urea selective catalytic reduction systems performance
    Autorzy:
    Rogóż, R.
    Jaworski, P.
    Kapusta, Ł. J.
    Teodorczyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    AVL FIRE
    selective catalytic reduction
    uniformity index
    urea water solution
    UWS
    wall-film
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    roztwór mocznika
    Opis:
    This study presents the influence of the UWS injection frequency on a close coupled SCR systems performance. The investigation was performed with the CFD tool AVL Fire. In the paper the analysis of four different UWS injection frequencies in the three different operating points of diesel engine was shown. The assessments of the system performance was referred to the ammonia distribution at catalyst intake and wall film formation inside the investigated geometry, as these are considered as crucial in such a configuration. The results showed that injection frequency affects both factors on different level depending from the flow conditions. In addition, the wall film crystallization risk was discussed basing on the obtained wall film characteristics.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2017, 56, 3; 73-77
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ammonia CI engine aftertreatment systems design and flow simulation
    Autorzy:
    Kuta, Kacper
    Nadimi, Ebrahim
    Przybyła, Grzegorz
    Żmudka, Zbigniew
    Adamczyk, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097643.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    selective catalytic reduction
    SCR
    compression ignition engine
    test rig
    emissions
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym
    stanowisko badawcze
    emisje
    Opis:
    Investigation of exhaust emissions and ammonia flow behavior in the exhaust system incorporating with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) unit is discussed. An aftertreatment system is designed to work without additional urea injection. This study is focused on obtaining optimal parameters for catalysis. Its effectiveness is considered as a function of basic parameters of exhaust gases mixture and SCR material characteristics. A 3D geometry of SCR with porous volume has been simulated using Ansys Fluent. Moreover, a 1D model of ammonia dual-fuel CI engine has been obtained. Results were focused on obtaining local temperature, velocity, and exhaust gases composition to predict optimal probes placement, pipes insulation parameters, and characteristic dimensions.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2022, 61, 3; 3--10
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental research and CFD analysis of flow parameters in a SCR system for the original part and WALKER’s replacement
    Autorzy:
    Kurzydym, Damian
    Klimanek, Adam
    Żmudka, Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133156.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    selective catalytic reduction
    computational fluid dynamics
    static mixer
    uniformity index
    coefficient of variation
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    obliczeniowa dynamika płynów
    mieszalnik statyczny
    wskaźnik nierównomierności
    współczynnik wariancji
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of experimental research and their comparison with CFD simulations for the original selective catalytic reduction system and WALKER replacement. The research was performed to develop the WALKER universal mixer. The SCR prototype without mixer and with the proposed mixer were tested and compared with the original VW part. The next step was reverse engineering, which consisted in scanning the tested parts with a laser and processing their point cloud in Leios2 program. Reverse engineering has allowed the reconstruction of 3D geometry of the tested parts in the Catia v5 program and then preparation their models for computational fluid dynamics. Numerical simulations were carried out in the Ansys Fluent program, thanks to which several quantities were determined e.g. uniformity index of gas flow through the monolith and coefficient of variation as a measure of mixing degree, which have a significant impact on the design of the mixer and the SCR system.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 4; 13-20
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research on the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas of the self-ignition engines
    Badania stężeń amoniaku w spalinach silników z zapłonem samoczynnym
    Autorzy:
    Gis, W.
    Żółtowski, A.
    Grzelak, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134110.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    ammonia
    Selective Catalytic Reduction
    SCR
    Laser Diode Spectrometer
    LDS
    Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer
    FTIR
    amoniak
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    spektometr laserowo-diodowy
    analizator podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera
    Opis:
    In the article there was reviewed the principle of operation of the SCR type catalitic reactors and explained the reason, why ammonia appears in the exhaust gas. The principles of analyzers to measure the concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases was reviewed. There were examined changes in EU regulations on the emissions of vehicles engines in comparison to UNECE Regulation No. 49, series 05 of amendments.
    W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania reaktorów katalitycznych typu SCR oraz wyjaśniono przyczynę, dla której w spalinach pojawia się amoniak. Dokonano przeglądu zasady działania analizatorów do pomiarów stężeń amoniaku w spalinach. Przeanalizowane zostały zmiany wprowadzone w rozporządzeniach UE dotyczących emisji zanieczyszczeń z układów wylotowych silników pojazdów w porównaniu z Regulaminem EKG ONZ nr 49, seria 05 poprawek.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 3; 575-580
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative analysis of the heat balance results of the selected Tier III-compliant gas-fuelled two-stroke main engines
    Autorzy:
    Korlak, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24202453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    heat balance
    two-stroke engine
    LNG
    liquified natural gas
    SCR
    selective catalytic reduction
    EGR
    exhaust gas recirculation
    bilans cieplny
    silnik dwusuwowy
    skroplony gaz ziemny
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    recyrkulacja spalin
    Opis:
    Two-stroke engines are distinguished by the highest overall efficiency among all main engines. This is not only due to the low speed, and large piston stroke, but also to the high combustion temperature, which results in an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission. Technical solutions applied to bring main engines into compliance with current NOx emission standards set by the Tier III limits include the use of SCR and EGR systems, the implementation of the Otto cycle, and the application of liquified natural gas (LNG) as the low-emission fuel. Impact of the available Tier III-compliant technologies on the heat balance results is analysed using the example of the currently most popular dual-fuel main engines, i.e. WinGD X92DF and MAN G95ME-C10.5-GI. The possibilities of waste heat recovery in the electricity generation process and thereby improving the ship energy efficiency are discussed.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2023, 62, 2; 24--28
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Directions in vehicle efficiency and emissions
    Autorzy:
    Johnson, T. V.
    Joshi, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133977.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    greenhouse gases
    vehicle emissions
    regulations
    engines
    aftertreatment
    NOx
    diesel oxidation catalyst
    selective catalytic reduction
    diesel particulate filter
    gasoline particulate filter
    gazy cieplarniane
    przepisy prawne
    silniki
    katalizator utleniania oleju napędowego
    selektywna redukcja katalityczna
    filtr cząstek stałych
    Opis:
    This paper provides a general review of light-duty (LD) and heavy-duty (HD) regulations, engine technology, and key emission control strategies. The US is placing a stronger emphasis on laboratory emissions, and the LD regulations are about an order of magnitude tighter than Euro 6, but Europe is focusing on real-world reductions. The California HD low-NOx regulation is advancing and may be proposed in 2017/18 for implementation in 2023+. The second phase of US HD greenhouse gas regulations propose another 25-30% tightening beyond Phase 1, beginning in 2021. LD and HD engine technology continues showing marked improvements in engine efficiency. LD gasoline concepts are closing the gap with diesel. HD engines are demonstrating more than 50% BTE using methods that can reasonably be commercialized. LD and HD diesel NOx technology trends are also summarized. NOx storage catalysts and SCR combinations are the lead approach to meeting the LD regulations. Numerous advanced NOx technologies are being evaluated and some promise for meeting the California HD low NOx targets. Oxidation catalysts are improved for both diesel and methane oxidation applications. Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are the lead approach to reducing particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. They reduce PAH emissions, and catalyzed versions can be designed for low back pressure. Regeneration largely occurs during hot decelerations.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2016, 55, 3; 3-8
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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