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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23
Tytuł:
The Effect of the Heat Flux Density on Microstructure of Surface Remeltings on C355 Alloy Castings
Autorzy:
Orłowicz, A. W.
Mróz, M.
Tupaj, M.
Trytek, A.
Jacek, M.
Radoń, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382629.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
C355 alloy
surface remelting
concentrated heat stream
surface microstructure
stop C355
utwardzanie powierzchniowe
strumień ciepła
mikrostruktura powierzchni
Opis:
The paper presents results of a study on the effect of the flux density of heat carried away for the remelting area to substrate in the course of surface remelting with concentrated heat stream on values of structural parameters λ1D and λ2D of α(Al) phase dendrites in C355 alloy. The remeltings were made with the use of GTAW method, at arc current intensity I = 200 A and concentrated heat stream scanning speed vs = 200, 400, 600, and 800 mm/min. The used protective gas was argon supplied at rate of 20 l/min. It has been found that the increase of the rate of scanning with concentrated heat stream results in a change of the remelting-substrate separation surface shape consisting in reduction of the remelting width and depth. This increases the value of the flux density of heat transmitted from the remelting area to substrate which in turn acts in favor of reduction of structural parameters λ1D and λ2D characterizing α(Al) phase dendrites in C355 alloy.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 35-38
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Microstructure of Fe-C-V Alloys on Selected Functional Properties
Autorzy:
Kawalec, M.
Kozana, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
microstructure
Fe-C-V alloy
workability
mechanical properties
vanadium carbide
mikrostruktura
stop Fe-C-V
urabialność
właściwości mechaniczne
węglik wanadu
Opis:
The cast alloys crystallizing in Fe-C-V system are classified as white cast iron, because all the carbon is bound in vanadium carbides. High vanadium cast iron has a very high abrasion resistance due to hard VC vanadium carbides. However, as opposed to ordinary white cast iron, this material can be treated using conventional machining tools. This article contains the results of the group of Fe-C-V alloys of various microstructure which are been tested metallographic, mechanical using an INSTRON machine and machinability with the method of drilling. The study shows that controlling the proper chemical composition can influence on the type and shape of the crystallized matrix and vanadium carbides. This makes it possible to obtain a high-vanadium cast iron with very high wear resistance while maintaining a good workability.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 33-36
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stereological Analysis of Carbides in Hypoeutectic Chromium Cast Iron
Autorzy:
Gromczyk, M.
Kondracki, M.
Studnicki, A.
Szajnar, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
stereological parameter
Fe-C-Cr alloy
chromium carbide
chromium cast iron
parametr stereologiczny
stop Fe-C-Cr
węglik chromu
żeliwo chromowe
Opis:
The results of research on stereological parameters of carbides in modified hypoeutectic chromium cast iron were shown in the paper. The effect of distance the casting heat centre of casting to the carbide phase morphology was examined. The samples for metallographic examination were taken from various locations of the model casting prepared in a special tester. This model casting was designed to simulate the solidification of heavy castings. Using the proposed methodology the relation of the distance from the model mould and the size, perimeter, length, width and the shape factor of carbides was examined. During the analysis, the values of stereological parameters of carbides changed on various sections of the model casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 17-22
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Macrostructure of Nickelbased Superalloys IN713C and MAR 247 on the Characteristics of High-temperature Creep
Autorzy:
Cieśla, M.
Binczyk, F.
Mańka, M.
Findziński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380019.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
nickel alloy IN-713C
superalloy Mar-247
macrostructure
modification
creep
stop niklu IN-713C
nadstop Mar-247
modyfikacja
Opis:
The study consisted in assessing the influence of surface and volume modification on the characteristics of high-temperature creep of castings made of waste products of nickel-based superalloys IN 713C and the MAR-247. The results of high-temperature creep tests performed under conditions of two variants of research were analysed. The characteristics of creep according to variant I were obtained on the basis of earlier studies of these alloys with the parameters T=982oC, σ=150MPa [1]. Variant II included carrying out creep tests of alloy IN713C with the parameters T=760oC, σ =400MPa and alloy MAR247 with the parameters: T=982oC, σ=200MPa.Developed creep characteristics were compared with the results of these alloys with the parameters according to variant I of the study. It was observed that the conditions of experiments carried out depending upon the value of the creep test temperature and stress with the creep stability depends on the size of the macrograin (I variant of the studies) or such influence was not observed (II variant of the studies). Stability of samples with coarse structure in variant I of creep tests was significantly higher than the samples with fragmented grain. It was found that the observed stability conditions are dependent on the dominant deformation mechanisms under creep tests carried out - diffusion mechanism in variant I and a dislocation mechanism in variant II of the study. The conditions for the formation and growth of the cracks in the tested materials, including the morphological characteristics of their macro-and microstructure were tested.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 11-16
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grain size reduction in the 713C nickel superalloy as a result of heat treatment
Autorzy:
Lachowicz, M. B.
Faryna, M.
Podrez-Radziszewska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379754.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
heat treatment
metallographic test
superalloy 713C
Ni3Al
NbC
EBSD method
obróbka cieplna
badanie metalograficzne
nadstop 713C
metoda EBSD
Opis:
The paper presents metallographic test results for the 713C nickel superalloy after heat treatment and crystallographic orientation analysis performed with the EBSD method. The 713C alloy was subjected to annealing in the temperature of 950 ºC for 30 hours followed by aircooling. As a result of the applied heat treatment the local grain size reduction in the alloy was observed. It has been found that in the primary grains the new subgrains of different crystallographic orientation are created. Between the new grains and the primary grains the boundaries of high angle appear. Orientation change in the micro-areas is closely related to the carbides rebuilding and volume diffusion of elements dissolved in the γ - γ’ alloy matrix and the (NbTi)C carbides.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2011, 11, 2 spec.; 143-148
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Sekret” tradycyjnej technologii odlewania dzwonów
„The Secret” of Traditional Technology of Casting Bells
Autorzy:
Bartocha, D.
Baron, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
technologia odlewania
odlewanie dzwonów
brąz CuSn20-C
masa formierska
masa gliniana
masa ludwisarska
casting bells technology
CuSn20-C brass
mould sand
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcono zagadnieniu technologiczności tradycyjnego sposobu odlewania dzwonów. Pomimo złamania podstawowych zasad poprawnego projektowania technologii odlewania, tradycyjna technologia wykonywania dzwonów sprawdza się od setek lat. Autorzy analizując wyniki badań brązu CuSn20-C oraz tradycyjnej masy formierskiej używanej do wykonywania form na dzwony, próbują wykazać na czym polega tajemnica fenomenu najstarszej z aktualnie stosowanych technologii odlewania.
The article are devoted to the issue of manufacturability of the traditional way of casting bells. Despite breaking the fundamental principles of proper casting technology design, traditional technology of casting bells has works for hundreds of years. The authors have analyzing the investigations results of a bronze CuSn20-C and traditional molding sand is used to produce molds for bells and they have been trying to demonstrate what is the secret of the marvel of the oldest currently used casting technology.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3 spec.; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Crystallization of Eutectics in Fe-C-V-Si Alloys
Autorzy:
Kawalec, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
theory of crystallization
Fe-C-V-Si alloys
high-vanadium cast iron
microstructure
eutectic grain
teoria krystalizacji
stopy Fe-C-V-Si
żeliwo wysokowanadowe
mikrostruktura
eutektyka
Opis:
This article addresses the results of microstructural examinations of the volume solidifying Fe–C–V–Si alloys containing carbon in the range of 1.39÷1.76%, vanadium in the range of 6.77÷7.77% and silicon in the range of 0.02÷3.10. The melting charge was Armco iron, ferro-vanadium with 81.7 wt.%V, spectrally pure graphite and technically pure silica. It was shown that with increasing the silicon content, the microstructure of the resulting alloy changing. These changes include both a matrix the shape of the primary carbides and type of crystallizing eutectic. In the studied alloys was observed following eutectic: fibrous (crystallize as non-faceted/ non-faceted eutectic), complex regular (crystallize as faceted/ non-faceted eutectic), spiral (crystallize as faceted/ faceted eutectic). The results illustrated by the images of the microstructures made with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 143-146
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Repair of Precision Castings Made of the Inconel 713C Alloy
Autorzy:
Łyczkowska, K.
Adamiec, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
weldability
Inconel 713C
precision castings
hot cracks
spawalność
odlewy precyzyjne
pęknięcia
Opis:
Inconel 713C precision castings are used as aircraft engine components exposed to high temperatures and the aggressive exhaust gas environment. Industrial experience has shown that precision-cast components of such complexity contain casting defects like microshrinkage, porosity, and cracks. This necessitates the development of repair technologies for castings of this type. This paper presents the results of metallographic examinations of melted areas and clad welds on the Inconel 713C nickel-based superalloy, made by TIG, plasma arc, and laser. The cladding process was carried out on model test plates in order to determine the technological and material-related problems connected with the weldability of Inconel 713C. The studies included analyses of the macro- and microstructure of the clad welds, the base materials, and the heat-affected zones. The results of the structural analyses of the clad welds indicate that Inconel 713C should be classified as a low-weldability material. In the clad welds made by laser, cracks were identified mainly in the heat-affected zone and at the melted zone interface, crystals were formed on partially-melted grains. Cracks of this type were not identified in the clad welds made using the plasma-arc method. It has been concluded that due to the possibility of manual cladding and the absence of welding imperfections, the technology having the greatest potential for application is plasma-arc cladding.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 210-216
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effect of Temperature on the Result of Complex Modification of IN-713C Superalloy Castings
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Gradoń, P.
Mańka, M.
Findziński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383137.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Innovative casting material
innovative casting technology
nickel alloy IN-713C
modification
cobalt aluminate
macrostructure
innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
stop niklu IN-713C
glinek kobaltu
makrostruktura
Opis:
The paper presents the results of research on the determination of the effect of pouring temperature on the macrostructure of the castings subjected to complex (surface and volume) modification and double filtration. Tested castings were made of post-production scrap (gating system parts) of IN-713C superalloy. Tests included the evaluation of the number of grains per 1 mm2, mean grain surface area, shape factor and tensile strength. Casting temperature below 1470 °C positively influenced the modification effect. The grains were finer and the mechanical properties increased, especially for castings with thicker walls. On the other hand, manufacture of thin walled castings of high quality require pouring temperature above 1480 °C.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4; 13-16
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Ti, Nb, Cr and B on structure and mechanical properties of high aluminium cast iron
Autorzy:
Kopyciński, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383199.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high aluminium cast iron
carbides Al4C3
carbides TiC
intermetallic FeAl
iron aluminides
żeliwo wysokoaluminiowe
węglik AL4C3
węglik TiC
faza międzymetaliczna FeAl
aluminidek żelaza
Opis:
In this work, a method was investigated to eliminate the presence of undesirable Al4C3 phases in a high-aluminium alloys, and thus improve the production process. The melting conditions employed in this work enabled the formation of a Fe-Al-C liquid solution. Moreover, titanium additions into the liquid allowed the precipitation of TiC. According to this reaction, the extent of carbon removal from the melt is strongly influenced by the amount of Ti additions. Hence, proper titanium levels can result in total removal of carbon from the liquid. Notice from this figure that Ti additions above 4.5%, totally eliminate the undesirable Al4C3 precipitates. Making Cr, Ti, B additions reduces size of FeAl alloys grains. In addition, this work indicates that the high-aluminium cast iron posses high oxidation resistance, exceeding that of high-chromium cast iron and chromium cast steels. Finally, the alloy ductility can be enhanced by additions of dopants such as B and Cr. Hence, additions of 0.03% B and 0.03%B-5% Cr combined with a heat treatment were implemented. As a result, the alloy ductility was significantly improved, where the strain of up to 5.3%, (B alone) or 15% (B-Cr) were obtained.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1; 77-80
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metoda CALPHAD – nowoczesna technika pozyskiwania danych termodynamicznych
Autorzy:
Wróbel, M.
Burbelko, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
komputerowe wspomaganie produkcji odlewniczej
metoda CALPHAD
wykres fazowy Fe-C
temperatura zalewania
obróbka cieplna
computer aided foundry production
CALPHAD method
phase diagram of Fe-C
thermal treatment
Opis:
Pierwsze spotkanie z metodą CALPHAD zazwyczaj zaczyna się od pytania co właściwie można za jej pomocą obliczyć? Niniejsza praca przytacza kilka przykładów w jaki sposób można pozyskać interesujące nas rezultaty obliczeń oraz jak je interpretować, a także definiuje obszar, w którym to podejście jest pomocne. Pokazano wzory obliczeń pomocnych przy wyznaczaniu parametrów procesów technologicznych, takich jak temperatury zalewania oraz obróbki cieplnej. Przedstawiono również sposób wyznaczenia wpływu pierwiastków stopowych na przesunięcie punktów w układzie żelazo-węgiel. Podano ideę obliczeń równowagowych oraz nierównowagowych aby pomóc w zdaniu sobie sprawy, że same wyniki są tylko jednym z elementów potrzebnych do zrozumienia rozważanego układu oraz, że wymagana jest odpowiednia znajomość materiału, nad którym się pracuje, aby dojść do wiarygodnych wniosków. Zostało także zaznaczone, że metoda CALPHAD, dzięki możliwości obliczeń układów wyższych rzędów z uwzględnieniem wielu faz, jest niezmiernie pomocna w tematach związanych z modelowaniem przemian fazowych.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3 spec.; 79-84
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cracking of Pad-Welded Inconel 713C Precision Castings
Autorzy:
Adamiec, J.
Łyczkowska, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Inconel 713C
nickel alloy
cracking
cast repairing
stop niklu
pękanie
naprawa odlewu
Opis:
Inconel 713C is a nickel-based casting alloy characterised by improved heat and creep resistance [1]. It is used e.g. in aircraft engine components, mainly in the form of precision castings. Precision casting enables very good reproduction of complex shapes. However, due to major differences in casting wall thickness and the resultant differences in rigidity, defects can form in precision castings. The most common defects in precision castings are shrinkage porosities and microcracks. Inconel 713C is considered to be a difficult-to-weld or even non-weldable alloy. However, the need to repair precision castings requires attempts to develop technologies for their remelting and pad welding which could be used in industrial practice. This article presents the results of tests consisting in TIG pad welding of defects identified in precision castings intended for the aircraft industry. It was found that the main reason behind failed attempts at repairing precision castings by welding technologies was hot cracking in the fusion zone. Such cracks form as a result of the partial melting of intercrystalline regions along the fusion line. The deformations occurring during the crystallization of the melting-affected zone (fusion zone + partially melted zone + heat affected zone) or pad weld lead to the rupture of the intercrystalline liquid film. Hot cracks form within the so-called high-temperature brittleness range (HTBR) of the alloy. Another type of cracks that was identified were ductility dip cracks (DDC), whose formation is related to the partial melting of carbides.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 2; 215-219
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Relationship Between the Solidification Parameters and Chemical Composition of Nickel Superalloy IN-713C
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Gradoń, J.
Cwajna, J.
Szymszal, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative casting materials
innovative casting technologies
nickel alloy IN-713C
thermal analysis
solidification parameters
innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
stop niklu IN-713C
analiza termiczna
parametry zestalania
Opis:
The paper presents the results of studies on the development of correlation of solidification parameters and chemical composition of nickel superalloy IN-713C, which is used i.a. on aircraft engine turbine blades. Previous test results indicate significant differences in solidification parameters of the alloy, especially the temperatures Tliq and Tsol for each batch of ingots supplied by the manufacturer. Knowledge of such a relationship has important practical significance, because of the ability to asses and correct the temperatures of casting and heat treatment of casts on the basis of chemical composition. Using the statistical analysis it was found that the temperature of the solidification beginning Tliq is mostly influenced by the addition of carbon (similar to iron alloys). The additions of Al and Nb have smaller but still significant impact. Other alloying components do not have significant effect on Tliq. The temperature Teut is mostly affected by Ni, Ti and Nb. The temperature Tsol is not in any direct correlation with the chemical composition, which is consistent with previous research. The temperature Tsol depends primarily on the presence of non-metallic inclusions present in feed materials and introduced during the melting and casting processes.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of Modified Cores for Grain Refinement in Castings of Aircraft Turbine Blades
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Cwajna, J.
Gradoń, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative casting materials
innovative casting technologies
Nickel alloy IN-713C
surface modification
turbine blades
macrostructure
innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
Stop niklu IN-713C
modyfikacja powierzchni
łopatki turbinowe
makrostruktura
Opis:
Paper presents the results of research on modified surface grain refinement method used in investment casting of hollow, thin-walled parts made of nickel based superalloys. In the current technology, the refining inoculant is applied to the surface of the wax pattern and then, it is transferred to the ceramic mould surface during dewaxing. Because of its chemical activity the inoculant may react with the liquid metal which can cause defects on the external surface of the cast part. The method proposed in the paper aims to reduce the risk of external surface defects by applying the grain refiner only to the ceramic core which shapes the internal surface of the hollow casting. In case of thin-walled parts the grain refinement effect is visible throughout the thickness of the walls. The method is meant to be used when internal surface finish is less important, like for example, aircraft engine turbine blades, where the hollowing of the cast is mainly used to lower the weight and aid in cooling during operation.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 19-22
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surface Modification of Cored, Thin Walled Castings of Nickel Superalloy IN-713C
Autorzy:
Binczyk, F.
Cwajna, J.
Gradoń, P.
Mańka, M.
Findziński, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Innovative casting material
innovative casting technology
nickel alloy IN-713C
surface modification
cobalt aluminate
macrostructure
innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
stop niklu IN-713C
modyfikacja powierzchni
glinek kobaltu
makrostruktura
Opis:
In current casting technology of cored, thin walled castings, the modifying coating is applied on the surface of wax pattern and, after the removal of the wax, is transferred to inner mould surface. This way the modification leading to grain refinement occur on the surface of the casting. In thin walled castings the modification effect can also be seen on the other (external) side of the casting. Proper reproduction of details in thin walled castings require high pouring temperature which intensify the chemical reactions on the mould – molten metal interface. This may lead to degradation of the surface of the castings. The core modification process is thought to circumvent this problem. The modifying coating is applied to the surface of the core. The degradation of internal surface of the casting is less relevant. The most important factor in this technology is “trough” modification – obtaining fine grained structure on the surface opposite to the surface reproduced by the core.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 17-20
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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