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Wyszukujesz frazę "turbine blades" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
High order sensitivity analysis of a mistuned blisk including intentional mistuning
Autorzy:
Pohle, L.
Tatzko, S.
Panning-von Scheidt, L.
Wallaschek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
turbine blades
mistuning
sensitivity analysis
Opis:
Small deviations between turbine blades exist due to manufacturing tolerances or material inhomogeneities. This effect is called mistuning and usually causes increased vibration amplitudes and also a lower service life expectancy of bladed disks or so called blisks (bladed integrated disk). The major resulting problem is to estimate the maximum amplitude with respect to these deviations. Due to the probability distribution of these deviations, statistical methods are used to predict the maximum amplitude. State of the art is the Monte-Carlo simulation which is based on a high number of randomly re-arranged input parameters. The aim of this paper is to introduce a useful method to calculate the probability distribution of the maximum amplitude of a mistuned blisk with respect to the random input parameters. First, the applied reduction method is presented to initiate the sensitivity analysis. This reduction method enables the calculation of the frequency response function (FRF) of a Finite Element Model (FEM) in a reasonable calculation time. Based on the Taylor series approximation, the sensitivity of the vibration amplitude depending on normally distributed input parameters is calculated and therewith, it is possible to estimate the maximum amplitude. Calculating only a single frequency response function shows a good agreement with the results of over 1000 Monte-Carlo simulations.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2017, 55, 1; 353-368
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure of turbine blade airfoil made of nickel-base superalloy
Autorzy:
Chmiela, B.
Kościelniak, B.
Cwajna, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
superalloys
turbine blades
HIP
EBSD
Opis:
Turbine blades are flight safety parts in the jet engine. Therefore they should be characterized by very good mechanical properties, especially high creep resistance and fatigue strength at high temperature. The mechanical properties of blades made of nickel-based superalloys depend on the microstructure of the casting and its porosity [1,2]. The aim of this paper is evaluation of effect of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) on microstructure of blade airfoil made of IN713C superalloy in four important zones: (i) leading edge, (ii) trailing edge, (iii) suction side and (iv) pressure side. HIP treatment was carried out proving some significant microstructural changes. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis reveals some structural changes what may facilitate diffusion processes leading to simplify of a heat treatment (solution treatment and aging).
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 241-245
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the wire electrical discharge machinability of roots of steam turbine blades
Autorzy:
Poroś, D.
Zaborski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
turbine blades
heat treatment
WEDM
Opis:
This paper presents method for the unconventional machining of the blades of steam turbines. Blade material as steel X12Cr13 was chosen into the investigation. Blade failures in gas turbine engines often lead to loss of all downstream stages and can have a dramatic effect on the availability of the turbine engines.. Conventional machining of the roots of steam turbine blades causes high temperature and rapid wear of tool which makes machining expensive WEDM is currently regarded among the most popular non-conventional machining. WEDM allows treatment of hard, brittle materials and composite, irrespective of their structure (thin-wall components) and mechanical properties. Submitted work is an analysis of potential impact on the received thickness of heat affected zone by appropriate heat treatment of material prior to WEDM. Such action is intended to eliminate or reduce the initiating impact of any microcracks on the formation of surface defects on the turbine blades roots during operation. The aim of the article is to replace the traditional methods of machining the blades roots by WEDM and thus the elimination of problems such as the need to monitor the tool wear. The presented experimental study was carried out on a modern wire EDM Sodick AQ327L. Investigated were the effects of WEDM of X12Cr13 steel as the Heat Affected Zone, the micro-fractures and surface roughness parameters.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2010, 10, 1; 70-77
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity in Turbine Blades Made of IN713C Superalloy After Hot Isostatic Pressing
Autorzy:
Roskosz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
superalloys
turbine blades
hot isostatic pressing
porosity
Opis:
The aim of this paper is an assessment of the influence of hot isostatic pressing treatment on porosity of cast samples - turbine blades and vane clusters made of the IN713C superalloy. Two variants of HIP treatments, differing in pressure from each other, have been used. The quantitative evaluation of the porosity was performed using light microscopy and quantitative metallography methods. The use of the hot isostatic pressing significantly decreased the volume fraction and size of pores in the test blades, the remaining pores after the HIP process being characterized by a round shape. The increased pressure has caused significant reductions in the area fraction and size of the pores.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 253-258
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical measurement of aircraft engine turbine blades
Autorzy:
Budzik, G.
Kubiak, K.
Rokicki, P.
Dziubek, T.
Nowotnik, A.
Matysiak, H.
Cygan, R.
Tutak, M.
Boś, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247470.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft engines turbine blades
optical measurements
coordinate measuring technique
Opis:
Manufacturing of aircraft engine turbine blades requires control of blade geometric parameters at different stages of technological process. Acceleration and automation of measurement process can affect the duration of the finished item production. Modern technologies for measurement of aircraft engine turbine blades are based on numerical machines - measurement process is based on processing of numerical data obtained by measurement using coordinate measuring machines. The paper presents the opportunity of automation of aircraft engine turbine blades measurements using scanner ATOS II Triple Scan with blue light source technology. Coordinate measuring technique allows to specify full methodology for designation of complex dimensions of physical objects and transform them into a computer program space of coordinate measuring devices. Presented paper includes capabilities of device used in the study to improve the measurement process in the technological and economical aspects. Another issue described in the paper is impact of measurement performance in automatic mode on the quality of performance – the numerical model of surface, from the standpoint of accuracy and number of collected data points in time. The paper includes an analysis of conditions related to the measurement works, such as the process of preparing the model, measurement equipment and data processing capacity. As the result methodology for automated scanning measurements of aircraft engine turbine blades will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 2; 21-26
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of dimensional accuracy of blade of aircraft engine using a coordinate measuring machine
Autorzy:
Budzik, G
Kubiak, Krzysztof
Zaborniak, M.
Przeszłowski, Ł.
Dziubek, T.
Cygan, M.
Tutak, M.
Matysiak, H
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244267.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
aircraft engines turbine blades
optical measurements
coordinate measuring technique
Opis:
Technological process of aircraft engine turbine blades requires control of blade geometric parameters. Innovation technologies for measurement of aircraft engine turbine blades are based on coordinate numerical machines – measurement process is based on processing of numerical data obtained by measurement using coordinate measuring machines. The paper presents the opportunity of analysis of dimensional accuracy of aircraft engine turbine blades measurements using coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Coordinate measuring machine allows specifying full methodology for designation of complex dimensions of physical objects (blade of aircraft engine) and transforming them into a computer program space of coordinate measuring devices. Presented paper includes capabilities of device used in the study to improve the measurement process and blades geometry analysis in the technological and economical aspects. Another issue described in the paper is impact of measurement performance in automatic mode on the quality of performance – the numerical model of geometry, from the standpoint of accuracy and number of collected data points in time. Measurements using a coordinate measuring machine are among the most accurate methods of measuring. The paper includes an analysis of conditions related to the measurement works, such as the process of preparing the model, measurement equipment and data processing capacity. As the result, methodology of (CMM) measurements of aircraft engine turbine blades will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 33-37
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electrochemical machining - special equipment and applications in aircraft industry
Autorzy:
Ruszaj, A.
Gawlik, J.
Skoczypiec, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
electrochemical machining
machining of special materials
turbine blades
aircraft engines
Opis:
Electrochemical machining is an unique method of shaping in which, for optimal parameters tool has no wear, surface layer properties after machining are similar to the core material and surface quality and accuracy increase together with material removal rate increase. Such advantages of electrochemical machining, besides of some ecological problems, create industry interest in the range of manufacturing elements made of materials with special properties (i.e. turbine blades of flow aircrafts engines). In the paper the nowadays possibilities and recent practical application of electrochemical machining in aircraft have been presented.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2016, 7, 2; 34-41
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Isothermal Oxidation of Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited Using LPPS, CVD, and PS-PVD Methods on MAR M247 Nickel Superalloy
Autorzy:
Góral, Marek
Kubaszek, Tadeusz
Pytel, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/176039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
thermal barrier coatings
overaluminizing
PS-PVD
LPPS
turbine blades
aluminizing processes
Opis:
The article presents the results of microstructural characterization of newly developed three-layer thermal barrier coating (TBC) after isothermal oxidation test. Bond coats were deposited by the overaluminizing of MCrAlY coating deposited by low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) process. The outer ceramic layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia was deposited by the plasma spray physical vapor deposition process. The TBCs with MCrAlY bond coat without aluminizing process was produced by LPPS as well. The isothermal oxidation test at 1,100°C for 1,000 h showed that the thickness of the thermally grown oxides alumina oxide layer on overaluminized bond coats was significantly thinner in comparison with conventional LPPS-sprayed MCrAlY bond coats. The possibility of the presence of NiAl and Ni3Al phases in the outer zone of overaluminized bond coat after the oxidation test was observed.
Źródło:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology; 2020, 44, 1; 9-14
0137-4478
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dendritic Structure Analysis of CMSX-4 Cored Turbine Blades Roots
Autorzy:
Krawczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/355017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
single-crystalline turbine blades
nickel-base superalloy
dendritic structure
x-ray topography
SEM
Opis:
The microstructure of as-cast cored turbine blades roots, made of the single-crystal CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy was investigated. Analysed blades were obtained by directional solidification technique in the industrial ALD Bridgman induction furnace. The investigations of the microstructure of blades roots were performed using SEM and X-ray techniques including diffraction topography with the use of Auleytner method. Characteristic shapes of dendrites with various arrangement were observed on the SEM images taken from the cross-sections, made transversely to the main blades axis. The differences in quality of the structure in particular areas of blades roots were revealed. Based on the results, the influence of cooling bores on blades root structure was analysed and the changes in the distribution and geometry of cooling bores were proposed.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2B; 1129-1134
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of casting parameters on fatigue properties of the ŻS6U-WI alloy
Autorzy:
Tomczak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032797.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
ŻS6U-WI
fatigue properties
compressor turbine blades
właściwości zmęczeniowe
łopatki turbinowe
sprężarka
Opis:
The hot parts of aircraft engines are made of nickel-based superalloys and work in extremely difficult conditions. The compressor blades mentioned in the article are usually produced by a casting process whose parameters have a great influence on the fatigue properties of the end product. The parameters of the casting process have significant influence on the microstructure, i.e. phase components morphologies. The article presents the results of the analysis of microstructures of nickel superalloys and the influence of casting parameters on the fatigue strength of finished products. The casting parameters were selected experimentally. The work included analysis of the microstructure of semifinished products and high-cyclic fatigue strength tests of the final product.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika; 2021, z. 93 [302]; 53-64
0209-2689
2300-5211
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pulsation signals analysis of turbocharger turbine blades based on optimal EEMD and TEO
Autorzy:
Wang, Fengli
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
urbocharger turbine blades
pulsation signals analysis
ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Teager energy operator
correlation kurtosis
Opis:
Turbocharger turbine blades suffer from periodic vibration and flow induced excitation. The blade vibration signal is a typical non-stationary and sometimes nonlinear signal that is often encountered in turbomachinery research and development. An example of such signal is the pulsating pressure and strain signals measured during engine ramp to find the maximum resonance strain or during engine transient mode in applications. As the pulsation signals can come from different disturbance sources, detecting the weak useful signals under a noise background can be difficult. For this type of signals, a novel method based on optimal parameters of Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Teager Energy Operator (TEO) is proposed. First, an optimization method was designed for adaptive determining appropriate EEMD parameters for the measured vibration signal, so that the significant feature components can be extracted from the pulsating signals. Then Correlation Kurtosis (CK) is employed to select the sensitive Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). In the end, TEO algorithm is applied to the selected sensitive IMF to identify the characteristic frequencies. A case of measured sound signal and strain signal from a turbocharger turbine blade was studied to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 3; 78-86
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of Carbides in Turbine Blade Made of IN713C Superalloy After Hot Isostatic Pressing
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, B.
Roskosz, S.
Cwajna, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351248.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
IN713C superalloy
hot isostatic pressing
turbine blades
qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbides
Opis:
The IN713C is nickel-based superalloy, used to produce low pressure turbine blades in a process of investment casting. However, porosity which is formed during the casting, decreases mechanical properties of IN713C. Therefore, to eliminate porosity, a process of hot isostatic pressing was applied. Nonetheless, HIP also least to some changes in the microstructure of tested material. The main aim of this paper is to characterize the morphology of carbides before and after hot isostatic pressing. Microstructural characterization was carried out with the use of a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and an electron backscatter diffraction detector. The size and shape of carbides were evaluated by quantitative metallography methods methods. The results show that the amount, size and heterogeneity of arrangement of the carbides increased after application of HIP treatment.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 1; 247-252
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of terrestrial laser scanning measurements for wind turbine blade condition surveying
Autorzy:
Stałowska, Paulina
Suchocki, Czesław
Zagubień, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
Terrestrial Laser Scanning
TLS
intensity parameter
measurement methodology
wind turbine blades
condition surveying
defects detection
Opis:
Wind turbines are among the key equipment needed for eco-friendly generation of electricity. Maintaining wind turbines in excellent technical condition is extremely important not only for safety but also for efficient operation. Studies indicate that defects in the external structure of a turbine blade reduce energy production efficiency. This research investigated the potential of the terrestrial laser scanning technology to examine the technical conditions of wind turbine blades. The main aim of the study was to examine whether terrestrial laser scanning measurements can be valuable for wind turbine blade condition surveying. The investigation was based on the radiometric analyses of point clouds, which forms the novelty of the present study. Condition monitoring focuses on the detection of defects, such as cracks, cavities, or signs of erosion. Moreover, this study consisted of two stages. The next objective entailed the development and examination of two different measurement methods. It was then identified which method is more advantageous by analysing their effectiveness and other economic considerations.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2023, 30, 3; 403--422
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagnozowanie stanu eksploatowanych łopatek turbiny gazowej
Diagnosing of condition of operating gas-turbine blades
Autorzy:
Błachnio, J.
Bogdan, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/328302.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
łopatka
turbina gazowa
superstop
matryca CCD
obraz cyfrowy
gas turbine blades
superalloys
CCD matrix
digital image
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane aspekty diagnostyki turbiny gazowej pod kątem oceny stanu łopatek pracujących w środowisku spalin. Zaprezentowano wyniki opracowywanej metody oceny stanu łopatek turbiny gazowej na podstawie przetwarzania i analizy obrazów ich powierzchni. Poruszono, także problematykę akwizycji obrazów za pomocą detektora światłoczułego - matrycy CCD w oparciu o fizyczne podstawy detekcji i rejestracji obrazów w zakresie widzialnym fali elektromagnetycznej. Za pomocą mikroskopu skaningowego, na zgładach metalograficznych, obserwowano mikrostrukturę superstopów (żarowytrzymałych i żaroodpornych). Dzięki czemu uzyskano dokładną informację dotyczącą zmian strukturalnych zarówno warstwy wierzchniej jaki i rdzenia łopatek powstałych w czasie eksploatacji. Na podstawie określonych związków i zależności pomiędzy zmianą barwy powierzchni łopatki turbiny gazowej, a zmianą mikrostruktury jej materiału, wskutek oddziaływania czynnika roboczego o wysokiej (nadkrytycznej) temperaturze możliwe będzie zwiększenie czułości i niezawodności diagnozowania stanu badanego obiektu technicznego. Ponadto przedstawiono metodę skanowania zarejestrowanych obrazów powierzchni łopatek eksploatowanych pod kątem określenia wielkości obszaru przegrzanego.
In this article presented are aspects chosen of diagnostics of gas turbine from the point of view of evaluation of condition of working blades, working in specified environment. Presented are results of the prepared method of the evaluation of turbine blade condition on the grounds of processing and analysis of images of their surface. In addition, raised is the problem of data acquisition with the use of photoelectric light sensor (matrix CCD) by showing the physical basis of detection and recording images in a visible range of electromagnetic wave. The microstructure of superalloys (high-temperaturecreep resisting and heat-resisting alloys) was tested on the special preparation of metallographic with the aid of scanning microscope. Thanks to these investigations, accurate information about microstructure changes of surface layer as well as core blade during operating process, was obtained. Change of colour of blade turbine surface and change of microstructure of its material, as a result of working factor such as high temperature (supercritical temperature) it would be possible to increase sensitivity and reliability of diagnostics of operational state of tested technical object. Moreover, the method of surface scanning of recorded images of turbine operational blades with a view to evaluation of overheated area was presented.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2008, 1(45); 91-96
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hot cracking of nickel-based superalloy turbine blade
Pękanie gorące łopatki turbiny z nadstopu na osnowie niklu
Autorzy:
Rakoczy, Ł.
Tuz, L.
Pańcikiewicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
superalloys
nickel alloys
liquation
hot cracking
turbine blades
nadstopy
stopy niklu
likwacja
pękanie gorące
łopatki turbiny
Opis:
The aim of this study was to present the hot cracking behavior of a blade originating from a turbine blade segment. The crack was induced by a gas tungsten arc welding process, and the research material was a MAR-M247 nickel based superalloy. This alloy is considered to be difficult to weld because of its high tendency to crack. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show the occurrence of cracking in the melted zone, heat-affected zone, and base alloy. A scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed that cracks are propagated by stresses and liquation of the low temperature constituent.
Celem pracy była analiza mikrostrukturalna pęknięcia gorącego na powierzchni łopatki z segmentu van cluster. Pęknięcie powstało w wyniku oddziaływania skoncentrowanego źródła ciepła, jakim był łuk elektryczny jarzący się w osłonie argonu. Łopatka została wykonana z nadstopu na osnowie niklu o nazwie handlowej MAR-M247. W przypadku konwencjonalnych metod spawania jest on uważany za trudno spawalny. Przeprowadzono badania makrostruktury i mikrostruktury za pomocą mikroskopii świetlnej i skaningowej. Na podstawie wykonanych badań stwierdzono występowanie pęknięć ciągłych zarówno w obszarze przetopionym, strefie wpływu ciepła, jak i materiale rodzimym. Obserwacje za pomocą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej pozwoliły na stwierdzenie, że pęknięcie propagowało w wyniku naprężeń, jak również likwacji niskotopliwych składników mikrostruktury.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2015, 41, 4; 181-188
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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