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    Tytuł:
    Fusarium mycotoxins and human health. Review.
    Autorzy:
    Shephard, Gordon S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    cancer
    deoxynivalenol
    Fumonisin
    T-2 toxin
    trichothecenes zearalenone
    Opis:
    Species within the genus Fusarium produce a diverse range of mycotoxins, many of which have signifi- cant impacts on human health. Of the five generally recognised major mycotoxins, three (fumonisins, de- oxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON)) are produced by Fusaria. Apart from DON, other trichothecenes such as T-2 toxin, have received considerable international attention due to their impact on human health. The fumonisins, which occur ubiquitously in maize and its products, have been linked to oesophageal cancer, liver cancer and neural tube defects. DON, a frequent contaminant of maize, wheat and their products, although showing no carcinogenic potential, is immunomodulatory and produces emesis and growth retardation in animals. ZON is a naturally occurring endocrine disrupting chemical. Acute exposure to these mycotoxins has in each case been linked to outbreaks of human disease – gastro-intestinal effects in the case of fumonisins and DON, and precocious pubertal changes in the case of ZON. Concern over their toxicological effects has led to risk assessments by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which has set maximum tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 2 µg/ kg body weight (bw) for fumonisins and 0.5 µg/kg bw for ZON. The initial TDI set for DON, namely 1 µg/kg bw has recently been updated by JECFA to include both 3- and 15-acetylDON. Apart from the above mycotoxins, a number of other secondary metabolites (moniliformin, beauvericin and fusaproliferin) are produced by different Fusaria and their effects on human health, either alone or in combination with other mycotoxins, is largely unexplored.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 113-122
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Toxicity and risks with T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereals.
    Autorzy:
    Pettersson, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199611.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-12-20
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    Fusarium langsethiae
    HT-2 toxin
    oats
    T-2 toxin
    toxin contamination
    toxicity
    risk
    Opis:
    The trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxins have during recent years been found frequently in cereals grown in Europe. They are mainly produced by Fusarium  langsethiae.  High concentrations of the toxins are most commonly found in oats, but they are also detected frequently at lower concentrations in barley. Wheat is only rarely contaminated. Yearly surveys of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in oats from Northern Europe have shown that the occurrence and levels have increased from 2002, with very high levels in 2005-2007, followed by a decrease in 2008-2009. Raw oats delivered to mills for processing to food have also been highly contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 toxins during the period 2006-2009. The processing of oats in the mills by sorting-sieving and dehulling reduce the toxin concentrations in the final food products, flakes and meals, with more than 80 % even at high levels in the raw oat. The concentrations of the toxins in the by-products from the process are instead increased. The by-products are mainly used as feed components. The toxic effects of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in animals and the toxicological information used in the risk evaluations are briefly described. Risk evaluations of the toxins in cereals for human consumption have been conducted by both EU-Scientific Committee on Food and by JECFA in 2001. Both evaluations resulted in the same temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The group TDI for T-2 and HT-2 toxins, alone or in combination, became 60 ng/kg bw and day. The intake of T-2 and HT-2 toxins through oats is calculated from median concentrations in oat products and median consumption data from Norway. The intake was found to be 1.5-5.4 % of the t-TDI. The  toxic  effects  studied  or  expected in  farm  animals, horses  and  ruminants, consuming high amounts of oat in their feed are described and discussed.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 64; 65-74
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Natural Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oil Crop Seed
    Autorzy:
    Mankeviciene, Audrone
    Suproniene, Skaidre
    Brazauskiene, Irena
    Gruzdeviene, Elvyra
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199601.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-06-21
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    deoxynivalenol
    Fusarium spp.
    linseed
    rapeseed
    T-2 toxin
    zearalenone
    Opis:
    Oilseeds are a perfect medium for microfungi spread and mycotoxin production. With increasing demand for oil crop produce such research has gained a special relevance since research evidence on this issue is scarce. During 2007-2009, prevalent fungi genera, including Fusarium genus, potential producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin (T-2) etc. were determined in our tests. The ELISA immunoenzymatic method and Veratox Fast kits were used to identify and quantify mycotoxins, while Fusarium fungi species were identified using conventional fungi determination techniques. Higher Fusarium fungi contamination level was found on linseed compared with that on spring or winter rapeseed. The difference was even more obvious in different experimental years, however, having identified Fusarium species, F. avenaceum and F. oxysporum were found to be prevalent in the seed of all crop species tested. In 2009, spring rape samples were found to contain F. dimerum which is a significant human pathogen.The presence of DON was identified in 18.2-100%, ZEA in 40 -100%, and T-2 toxin in 100% of seed samples of all oil crop species tested. From the food safety viewpoint, the concentrations determined did not exceed the levels hazardous for health, laid out in the EU regulations, however, the effect of low toxin concentrations is slow and the negative consequences manifest themselves only after some time and in various forms, which poses a serious health risk for humans and animals.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2011, 63; 109-116
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mycotoxin – induced apoptosis in swine kidney epithelial cells
    Autorzy:
    Chrustek, Agnieszka
    Twarużek, Magdalena
    Zastempowska, Ewa
    Grajewski, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2182166.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    aflatoxins
    apoptosis
    mycotoxins
    ochratoxin A
    swine kidney cell line
    T2 toxin
    Opis:
    Apoptosis, as the programmed cell death, plays a significant role in proper functioning of an organism, both in the postnatal period and during embryogenesis. Disturbances in this process can lead to the occurrence of several dysfunctions, e.g. cancer, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and others. Apoptosis can be triggered by factors such as oxidative stress, free radicals, UV radiation and cytotoxic drugs, but also mycotoxins, e.g. aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and trichothecenes. These toxins are produced primarily by fungi of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Stachybotrys genera. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of mycotoxins on the occurrence of apoptosis in the swine kidney (SK) epithelial cells. For this purpose, trichothecene T2 toxin was used at a concentration of 2.5 µM and 25 µM, aflatoxin B1 at a dose of 10 µM and 30 µM, and ochratoxin A concentrations of 50 µM and 80 µM. The results were assessed using flow cytometer Muse Cell Analyzer (Merck). Studies have shown high sensitivity of the cell line SK on mycotoxins. Apoptosis was caused by all kinds of toxins and depended on the dose of examined substance. T2 toxin at a concentration of 2.5 µM caused apoptosis in 6.9% of the cells, whereas at a concentration of 25 µM in 26.35% of the cells. Aflatoxin B1 used at concentrations of 10 µM and 30 µM caused apoptosis in 13.5% and 40.6% of the cells, respectively. The use of ochratoxin A in concentrations of 50 µM and 80 µM caused the occurrence of apoptosis respectively in 68.51% and 60.41% of the cells.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae; 2016, 1; 105-114
    2543-8832
    2545-0999
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania monitoringowe w zakresie oznaczania poziomu toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w przetworach zbozowych
    Monitoring programme of T-2 and HT-2 toxins level in cereal products
    Autorzy:
    Postupolski, J
    Rybinska, K.
    Ledzion, E.
    Kurpinska-Jaworska, J.
    Szczesna, M.
    Karlowski, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/875683.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
    Tematy:
    monitoring zywnosci
    przetwory zbozowe
    mikotoksyny
    toksyna T-2
    toksyna HT-2
    zanieczyszczenia zywnosci
    food monitoring
    cereal product
    mycotoxin
    T-2 toxin
    HT-2 toxin
    food contaminant
    Opis:
    W celu realizacji krajowego planu monitoringu żywności opracowano, zwalidowano i akredytowano metodę oznaczania toksyn T-2 i HT-2 w produktach zbożowych. Do analizy toksyn zastosowano metodę pojedynczej ekstrakcji i oznaczania techniką HPLC/MS-MS ESI+. Prametry skuteczności metody (odzysk, precyzja i niepewność wyniku) są zgodne z kryteriami podanymi w Rozporządzeniu Komisji (WE) nr 401/2006. Granica wykrywalności metody dla toksyny T-2 wynosi 3 µg/kg, a dla toksyny HT-2 4 µg/kg. Próbki do badań były pobierane przez stacje sanitarno - epidemiologiczne z terenu całego kraju. Oznaczenia wykonano w 107 próbkach przetworów zbożowych, otrzymanych głównie z owsa. Toksyny T-2 i HT-2 stwierdzono w 43 % próbek, średni poziom zanieczyszczenia w próbkach produktów pochodzących z owsa wynosił 22,5 µg/kg (najwyższy- 109 µg/kg w płatkach owsianych), w pozostałych (płatki pszenne i jęczmienne, kasze, mąka) 7,0 µg/kg. Uzyskane dane wskazują, że wartości tolerowanego dziennego pobrania (TDI) dla toksyn T-2 i HT-2 nie są przekroczone.
    In framework of the national monitoring program in Poland HPLC method for determination of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal products was developed, validated and accredited. Simply, one-step extraction and HPLC MS/MS ESI+ method was used for determination both toxins. Performance of method (recovery, precision and uncertainty of results) is in line with Commission Regulation No 401/2006. Limit of detection for T-2 and HT-2 toxins is 3 ad 4 |µg/kg, respectively. Samples were taken by sanitary inspection from all region of country. 107 samples cereal products (mainly from oats) were tested. T-2 and HT-2 toxins were detected in 43 % samples, mean level in oats products was 22.5 µg/kg (maximum level 109 µg/kg in oat flakes), in other samples (wheat and barley flakes, grouts, flours) - 7.0 µg/kg. Intake of T-2/HT-2 toxin by the consumer in Poland is much lower than the TDI.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2008, 59, 4; 429-435
    0035-7715
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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