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Wyszukujesz frazę "radiation protection" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola


Tytuł:
Radiation Protection in PET Room
Autorzy:
Kara, Ü.
Tekin, H.
Akkurt, İ.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1402426.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-08
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
87.50.yk
87.57.uk
Opis:
Applications of radiation in medicine is based on the radiation ability of destroing the tumor cells and creating the images of internal organs. This two features play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases by radiation. In medicine X-ray and radionuclides being sources of gamma rays as $Tc^{99m},$ $I^{137},$ or $Tl^{201}$ are used for the diagnosis of diseases, as beta particles uses for the treatment of diseases. In nuclear medicine radioactive isotopes are built into pharmaceuticals and create radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceutical administered to patient gathers in examined organ and gives information on functional and anatomical status of the organ. Radiation workers prepare radiopharmaceuticals, transport it, implement, take diagnostic images and survey the therapy. Their radiological protection is very important. Efficient radiation protection can be achieved by factors of time (reduce the time spent close to radioactive source to minimum), distance (keep maximal distance to radioactive source), and shielding (sufficient amount of protective material placed between the source and body) concepts are the basis.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2015, 128, 2B; B-375-B-377
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radiation Protection by the Barite Coated Fabrics via Image Processing Methodology
Autorzy:
Akarslan, F.
Molla, T.
Akkurt, İ.
Kilinçarslan, Ş.
Üncü, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1195237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-02
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.88.+h
28.41.-i
Opis:
According to developing technology and conditions of modern life, use of radiation is rapidly increased. Unwittingly, our organs and tissues are exposed to radiation continuously. In order to avoid exposure to this radiation, some studies were carried out on protective clothing. In this study, radiation keeping properties of the fabrics coated with barite are examined. Radiation keeping properties were also determined by the method of image processing. After the experiments, it is determined that barite-coated fabrics absorb radiation better than normal fabrics.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2014, 125, 2; 316-318
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ALARA, czyli optymalizacja w ochronie radiologicznej – analiza dla Polski
ALARA, optimization in radiation protection – analysis for Poland
Autorzy:
Bugała, Ernest
Fornalski, Krzysztof W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2055829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
ochrona radiologiczna
promieniowanie
optymalizacja
dawka
parametr α
radiation protection
radiation
optimization
dose
α parameter
Opis:
W niniejszym artykule skupiono się na ilościowym podejściu do opisanej w ustawie Prawo atomowe zasady optymalizacji, która jest implementacją międzynarodowej zasady ALARA, czyli redukcji narażenia na promieniowanie jonizujące do poziomu tak niskiego, jak jest to rozsądnie możliwe. W oparciu o praktyki międzynarodowe opisano kwestię wyznaczania parametru α (alfa) w ochronie radiologicznej dla Polski, który opisuje materialny koszt skutków napromienienia pojedynczej osoby dawką skuteczną jednego siwerta. Obliczenia zostały przeprowadzone dla trzech sposobów wyznaczania parametru α: metody PKB, metody bazującej na państwowo regulowanych odszkodowaniach oraz metody skłonności. Ostatecznie oszacowany dla Polski parametr alfa wynosi około 100 000 zł/Sv, co jest zgodne z praktykami międzynarodowymi. Obliczenia te przeprowadzono także dla różnych wariantów modelu ryzyka radiacyjnego: modelu liniowego (LNT), progowego oraz hormetycznego.
The following paper focuses on a quantitative approach to the described in the polish Atomic law optimization principle that is an implementation of an international ALARA principle which requires reducing exposition to ionizing radiation to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable. Basing on international practice, an issue of calculating the (alpha) parameter in radiation protection for Poland is raised, which describes material cost of exposing a single person to an effective dose of one sievert. The calculations are conducted for three methods of calculating the α parameter are presented: GDP method, method based on nationally regulated compensation and the willingness method. Estimated value of α parameter for Poland is about 100 000 PLN / Sv and corresponds with international practice. The calculations were conducted for different radiation risk models: linear non-threshold (LNT), threshold and hormetic.
Źródło:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej; 2021, 4; 22--34
0551-6846
Pojawia się w:
Postępy Techniki Jądrowej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Minimum exposure path in an enclosure of randomly placed radioactive sources
Autorzy:
Aljohani, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation protection
exposure minimization
Opis:
In this paper, two models to establish the minimum exposure path in a randomly placed radioactive sources enclosure are developed. The first model establishes the minimum exposure rate path and the second establishes the normal, to the inlet and outlet surfaces, path that gives a minimum exposure. The path that gives the least exposure is chosen. Although the point kernel technique is utilized and the enclosure is assumed rectangular with randomly placed radioactive point sources, the two models are independent techniques and can be easily incorporated with deterministic and statistical methods as well as other types of enclosures and source geometries.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2003, 48, 4; 201-205
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Air-crew exposure to cosmic radiation on board of Polish passenger aircraft
Autorzy:
Bilski, P.
Olko, P.
Horwacik, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dosimetry
cosmic radiation
radiation protection
Opis:
To establish the need for individual monitoring of air crew, exposure of air-crew members of Polish airlines LOT to cosmic radiation has been determined and several dosimetry methods tested in flight. Passive radiation dosimetry (using thermoluminescent LiF and chemically etched CR-39 track detectors) was supported by calculations with the CARI computer code. We found that the air crew of most of the LOT aircraft studied (with the exception of those flying ATR propeller aircraft) may somewhat exceed or, in certain conditions (depending on solar activity), may considerably exceed the effective dose level of 1 mSv per year. For crew members flying regularly on B-767 aircraft, the estimated yearly effective dose ranged between 2 mSv and 5 mSv, depending mainly on flying frequency and solar activity. During periods of enhanced intensity of cosmic radiation (i.e. during minimum solar activity) the effective doses could be close to the level of 6 mSv per year.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2004, 49, 2; 77-83
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radiation Shielding Properties of Some Composite Panel
Autorzy:
Al-Sarray, E.
Akkurt, İ.
Günoğlu, K.
Evcin, A.
Bezir, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
radiation protection
composite material
radiation measurement
Opis:
With the discovering atomic nucleus, nuclear science started to be used in different fields and researcher focused on radiation protection as it is dangerous for human cell. Thus radiation physics and materials development becomes one of the important subject in science for this purposes. The developed material should be used for radiation shielding. In this work gamma ray shielding properties of some composite materials produced by polymer have been investigated.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 490-492
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dedicated computer software to radiation dose optimization for the staff performing nuclear medicine procedures
Autorzy:
Matusiak, K.
Kosek, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
dose optimization
nuclear medicine
radiation protection
Opis:
Nuclear medicine techniques allow physicians to observe and diagnose physiology of chosen organs as well as the whole body of a patient. This visualization is possible not only because radioisotopes are applied, but there is also a significant progress in the computer software possibility. The advantage of the cooperation between medicine and informatics can be implemented in the radiation protection field of medical staff. The presented computer software, so-called Optimizer, was dedicated to the medical staff responsible for radiopharmaceutical preparation. It is known that the doses obtained in the nuclear medicine "hot labs" can be higher in comparison with the doses obtained by the rest of the personnel in the same department. The main advantage of the presented program is that the time needed for radiopharmaceutical preparation can be shortened and, as a result, the doses absorbed by personel can be reduced. The information of the volume containing planned radioactivity at the time of the application can significantly reduce the number of checking (volume and radioactivity), which normally takes place before the final handing over the radiopharmaceutical to the application. A user-friendly interface provides control at each step of the preparation protocol. For the convenience of medical staff all current examinations were coloured in one of the three colours : red (an application has to be done now), yellow (waiting) and green (done). The Optimizer was created for the Nuclear Medicine Department in the 5th Military Hospital in Kraków (Poland). What is more, currently it is successfully used and final TLD (thermoluminescent dosimetry) tests have been performed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2012, 57, 4; 497-502
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aparatura dozymetryczna stosowana w ochronie radiologicznej przy pracy z promieniowaniem jonizacyjnym
Dosimetry apparatus used in radiation protection at work with ionizing radiation
Autorzy:
Filipecki, J.
Chamerski, K.
Golis, E.
Hyla, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/103566.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-Przyrodniczy im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
promieniowanie jonizujące
radiologia
dozymetria
ionizing radiation
radiology
dosimetry
Opis:
Promieniowanie jonizacyjne, czyli promieniowanie rentgenowskie i promieniowanie jądrowe, głównie typu gamma, alfa i beta, przechodząc przez materię, powoduje jej jonizację i w sposób destrukcyjny oddziałuje na organizmy żywe. Proces oceny ryzyka wynikający z zawodowego narażenia na promieniowanie jonizujące oparty jest na systemie ochrony radiologicznej. Ochrona radiologiczna to całokształt działań i przedsięwzięć zmierzających do zapobiegania narażeniu ludzi i środowiska na promieniowanie jonizujące. W tym celu wykorzystuje się zespół przyrządów przeznaczonych do wykrywania i pomiarów promieniowania jonizującego. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiamy powstawanie, charakterystykę i własności promieniowania jonizującego, a także istniejące ryzyko na stanowiskach pracy, gdzie występuje to promieniowanie, oraz budowę, zasady działania i wykorzystanie podstawowej aparatury dozymetrycznej stosowanej w ochronie radiologicznej.
Ionizing radiation or X-rays and nuclear radiation, particularly gamma, alpha and beta, passing through matter causes the ionization and a devastating effects on living organisms. The risk assessment process resulting from occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, based on the system of radiological protection. Radiation protection encompasses all activities and measures aimed at the prevention of human and environmental exposure to ionizing radiation. For this purpose, a system of instruments for detection and measurements of ionizing radiation is used. In this paper, we present the formation, characteristics and properties of ionizing radiation. Also describes the potential risks in workplaces where there is radiation and the construction, operation, and utilization of basic dosimetric equipment used in radiological protection.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa; 2013, T. 1; 69-90
2300-5343
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods and measurements in radiation synovectomy with 90Y of knee joint dosimetry
Autorzy:
Kempińska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
Yttrium-90
dosimetry
synovectomy
radiation protection
gammacamera
knee joint
Opis:
Radioisotope synovectomy is based upon an yttrium-90 colloid injected into the knee joint (the usual injected activity ranges from 111 MBq to 222 MBq per joint). Execution of the procedure needs participation of a nuclear medicine specialist as well as an orthopedist or a rheumatologist and a technologist who prepares radiopharmaceuticals. All of these participants are exposed to ionizing radiation. The ionization doses for patients and personnel are dependent not only on the activity injected, but also on the method and process of injection as well as the radioactivity measurement procedure used. In the experiments performed, a significant influence of the biodistribution of the radioisotopic substance on the exposure results has been observed.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 1; 39-43
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nuclear and radiation safety and security
Autorzy:
Niewodniczański, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146522.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
nuclear safety
nuclear security
radiation protection
safety
security culture
safeguards
Opis:
All applications of nuclear materials as well as of any sources of ionizing radiation are accompanied by a risk of radioactive contamination of the environment or unnecessary overexposure of workers and the general public. Such an incident may result from malfunctioning of devices (radiation sources, shields, monitoring systems etc.) or a diversion from accepted procedures; it may be also intentional (sabotage or terrorist actions). All such incidents may be harmful for the victims, but they also may ruin the image of a given technology, irrespectively of the country or institution where it has occurred. Safe, secure, peaceful and efficient use of nuclear energy as well as of any source of ionizing radiation requires sustainable tools, including infrastructure that provides legal, regulatory, technological, human and industrial support for that programme. Therefore, the measures assuring radiation and nuclear safety and security, including physical protection of nuclear materials and radioactive sources, originate from internationally established and controlled principles on which obligatory national regulations are based. Evolution of technologies and changes of global or regional political situation may lead to new threats which creates a need to introduce new legal and institutional instruments, both national and international. Poland seems to be well situated in the present nuclear and radiation safety and security system.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2008, 53, suppl. 2; 5-10
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Radon soil-gas measurement campaign in Hessen: an approach to identifying areas with enhanced geogenic radon
Autorzy:
Kuske, Till
Kerker, Steffen
Breckow, Joachim
Lehné, Rouwen
Laupenmühlen, Tatjana
Jedmowski, Lena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/146321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
radiation protection law
radon-priority-areas
radon
soil gas
Opis:
The new radiation protection law in Germany, which came into effect 2018, puts greater emphasis on the protection against naturally occurring radiation, especially radon as a known health hazard. The law requires the delineation of radon priority areas, where prevention and remediation of high indoor radon concentrations should be taken with priority. In Germany, radiation protection is the administrative responsibility of the federal states. The state of Hesse has early on decided to fully survey the state for radon priority areas. To identify radon priority areas, the geogenic radon potential has to be determined. To achieve that radon, soil-gas measurements combined with soil permeability are a necessity. The University of Applied Sciences (THM) in Giessen is responsible for the radon soil-gas measurement campaign in Hessen. To achieve a statistically sound survey of the state of Hessen with an achievable amount of different measurement locations, and in the given time-frame, a geology-based concept has been designed. Taking into account the known geological information about geological structures in combination with the administrative counties, a survey strategy has been established. Prior known information regarding soil thickness, moisture, digability, and other technical limitations are used to determine the exact measuring locations. At every location, the radon activity in soil gas is measured. The soil permeability is determined for every measurement as well. Three measurements are performed at each location. Having completed the first set of measurements, the design criteria of the campaign and the practical experiences will be presented.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2020, 65, 2; 139-144
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of Buildup Factor in Gamma-Ray Measurement
Autorzy:
Akyildirim, H.
Waheed, F.
Günoğlu, K.
Akkurt, İ.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1031578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
Gamma-rays measurement
Radiation protection
Buildup factor
Gamma Spectrometer
Geometry
Opis:
Gamma ray measurement is an important issue in nuclear technology, since it is widely used in industry, medicine, agriculture, education research, and some military applications. Gamma ray is also needed to build radiation protection, which is very useful for human health. When gamma radiation penetrates through shielding material, it generates two radiation components within or beyond the shield, namely: the uncollided and the collided photons. Therefore, the buildup factor is an important parameter for gamma ray measurement. Buildup factor is defined as the ratio of the total number of particles at a given point to the number of uncollided particles, at that same point. In this work, we evaluate the gamma-ray buildup factors for copper (Cu-29), as a function of energy, for 0.511, 0.662, 1.275 MeV, by using cesium and sodium radioactive sources. The results show that the value of energy buildup factor decreases with increasing gamma energy, and increases with increasing thickness. Moreover, it was found that at high energies (1.275 MeV), the absorption buildup factor is at minimum when the energy is at high level. The results also reveal that there is no contribution from the scattering photons to the value of buildup factor, in general, at low intensity levels, when the geometry structure is built well. While for bad geometry, the detector measures intensity, which is greater than that described by the main linear attenuation coefficient, because the scattered photons will be detected as well. All in all, in order to get rational results, a well geometry should be used for the future applications.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2017, 132, 3; 1203-1206
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The awareness of caregivers about their children’s exposure to ionizing radiation accompanying medical procedures: the assessment study
Autorzy:
Jończyk-Potoczna, Katarzyna
Pucher, Beata
Strzelczuk-Judka, Lidia
Buraczyńska-Andrzejewska, Beata
Więckowska, Barbara
Krauss, Hanna
Biliński, Przemysław
Wojtyła-Buciora, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2161993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-02-27
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
children
CT examination
parents
radiation protection
ionizing radiation
radiation dose
Opis:
Objectives The aim of the study was a survey-based assessment concerning parents of children undergoing CT examinations and their knowledge of detailed information about procedures involved in imaging diagnostics. Material and Methods A statistical analysis of 108 surveys of parents of children undergoing CT studies in the Department of Pediatric Radiology in Poznań, Poland was done, with the use of Statistica software. Results In result of the evaluation of all subsections of the substantive question number, the majority of answers were incorrect (68–98%). No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the number of correct answers to substantive questions was observed. No correlation between the number of CT examinations conducted for a child and the fact of noting the examination with the use of ionizing radiation down in a child’s health certificate was stated. The statistical analysis showed that children of parents who declared that the aim of the CT examination had been explained to them better underwent more of them. Conclusions Parents are poorly informed about a radiation dose and risk related to a CT examination procedure. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(1):65–73
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health; 2019, 32, 1; 65-73
1232-1087
1896-494X
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza wielkości pól radiogramów z kolimacją przed- i poekspozycyjną
Analysis of the radiograms field sizes with pre- and post-processing collimation
Autorzy:
Nowak, Piotr
Pasieka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Indygo Zahir Media
Tematy:
radiografia
kolimacja
ochrona radiologiczna
technik elektroradiologii
radiograph
collimation
radiation protection
radiographer
Opis:
Kolimacja jest to ograniczanie wiązki promieniowania rentgenowskiego do obszaru badanej części ciała, pozwalające ochronić pozostałe tkanki przed zbędnym narażeniem. Definicja ta dotyczy kolimacji przedekspozycyjnej, czyli przed wykonaniem emisji promieniowania, z wykorzystaniem symulacji świetlnej. Cel: Celem badania była analiza pól radiogramów z kolimacją przed- i poekspozycyjną oraz porównanie otrzymanych wyników z radiogramami grupy kontrolnej i wartościami referencyjnymi. Materiały i metody: Analizie retrospektywnej poddano 200 radiogramów wykonanych w Zakładzie Radiologii Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego w Białymstoku. Połowę stanowiły zdjęcia rentgenowskie z postprocessingową zmianą wielkości pól kolimacji. Grupę kontrolną utworzono z losowo wybranych radiogramów z kolimacją przedekspozycyjną. W analizie uwzględniono wiek i płeć pacjentów oraz rodzaj projekcji i zakresy badań. Przeprowadzono pomiar długości i szerokości radiogramów z wykorzystaniem stacji roboczej z oprogramowaniem syngo 2 007 S iemens o raz w yliczono p ola p owierzchni. Zebrane dane poddano analizie statystycznej przy użyciu programu Statistica 13.3. Wyniki: Większą część radiogramów (126; 63,00%) wykonano kobietom. Przeciętny wiek badanych wyniósł 56,00 lat i mieścił się w przedziale od 12-94 lat. Najczęściej obrazowanym obszarem była klatka piersiowa (50; 25,00%). Zdjęcie transtorakalne kości ramiennej było radiogramem najczęściej poddawanym poekspozycyjnej zmiennie wielkości pola. Przeciętna wielkość wyjściowa radiogramu z grupy zdjęć poddanych poekspozycyjnej zmianie wielkości pola kolimacji wyniosła 1020,78 cm2, natomiast po obróbce 545,22 cm2. W analizowanym materiale przeciętnie wielkości pól kolimacji radiogramów po obróbce były o 313,39 cm2 m niejsze. W ymiary radiogramów i pola powierzchni różniły się od siebie w sposób istotny statystycznie przed i po wykonaniu obróbki postprocessingowej (we wszystkich przypadkach p < 0,001). Pola kolimacji i wymiary radiogramów, z grupy zdjęć poddanych obróbce postprocessingowej, wykonane kobietom i mężczyznom różniły się od siebie w sposób istotny statystycznie (p < 0,05 we wszystkich przypadkach poza długością) i przyjmowały przeciętnie wyższe wartości dla kobiet. W grupie zdjęć, które zostały opracowane po ekspozycji, liczba zdjęć o polu powierzchni większym niż wartość referencyjna wyniosła 55 (55,00%), natomiast po zastawaniu obróbki 33 (33,00%). Wnioski: W przeprowadzonym badaniu radiografia transtorakalna bliższego końca kości ramiennej była zdjęciem rentgenowskim, które najczęściej poddawano poekspozycyjnej zmianie wielkości pola. Najliczniejszą grupę zdjęć, gdzie odnotowano przekroczenia wielkości referencyjnej w zakresie pola obrazu stanowiły radiogramy transtorakalne kości ramiennych i skośne stawów krzyżowo-biodrowych. Największe przekroczenia wielkości pól kolimacji od wartości wzorcowych zarejestrowano w przypadku diagnostyki stawu łokciowego w obu projekcjach. Istnieje potrzeba ciągłego doskonalenia w technice wykonywania radiografii w oparciu o wnioski z analiz zdjęć odrzuconych.
Collimation is reduction of X-ray beam to area of the body that being study. The aim of using collimation is protection other tissue of minimize their unnecessary exposing. This definition is refers to pre-processing collimation which is perform before radiation emission, with using light simulation. Aim: The aim of the research was analysis radiograms field size before and after post-processing changing and compare them with radiograms from the control group and the referential value. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 200 radiograms. All of them was taking in Department of Radiology University Hospital in Bialystok. The half of analysed radiograms was radiograms who been changing in post-processing way. Control group was randomly select radiogram with pre-processing collimation. The analysis included, age and sex of the patient, view of the radiograms and part of body. A measurement of the length and width of the radiographs was made and the collimation field was calculated on the obtained data. The measurements were perform on work station with syngo 2007 Siemens. Collected data was analysed with using Statitica 13.3. Results: The most frequently radiographs (126; 63,00%) was taken for women. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 94 years with typical value of 56,00 years. The most common X-ray was chest radiograph (50; 25,00%). The transthoracic humerus X-rays was the radiograms witch were most frequency changing collimation field in post-processing way. The typical output size of radiogram, from the group of radiogram for witch used post-processing changing of size, was 1020,78 cm2 while after making change typical collimation size was 545,22 cm2. In the analysing data typical radiogram size, after making post-processing was smaller about 313,93 cm2 than before doing edition. The collimation field and size of radiograms was statistical significant different in the group of radiograms before and after making post-processing changing (in all causes p < 0,001). The collimation field and sizes of radiogram, in the group of radiograms witch were used post-processing, were a statistical significant different for women and men (in all causes without length p < 0,05). The collimation field and sizes of radiograms was statistical lower value for men than for women. In the group of X-rays which were changing in post-processing way, before making the change 55 (55,00%) radiograms were collimation field greater that referential value and after making the change only 33 (33,00%) X-rays. Conclusion: In the research the transthoracic lateral projection of humerus X-rays was the radiographs which were most frequency changing collimation field in post-processing way. The transthoracic lateral projection of humerus radiogram and sacroiliac joint oblique view were the roentgenograms witch collimation size was most frequency greater than referential value. Most commonly excessive collimation size in reference to referential value was showed on elbow X-rays in both views. There is necessary constantly perfecting in the technique of making radiogram. The perfecting will be perform based on conclusion resulting from analysis of rejected radiograms.
Źródło:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny; 2020, 9, 2; 89--97
2300-1410
Pojawia się w:
Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of radionuclide migration and radiological human exposure at the closed near-surface radioactive waste repository
Autorzy:
Gudelis, A.
Nedveckaite, T.
Prokopčiuk, N.
Filistovič, V.
Remeikis, V.
Motiejunas, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/148646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
near-surface repository
engineering barriers
radionuclide migration
groundwater pathway
radiation protection
Opis:
The near-surface “RADON” type radioactive waste repository, installed in 1963 and designed to store radioactive waste formed in industry, medicine and scientific investigations, was closed in 1989 because it did not meet the requirements imposed on the radioactive waste disposal. A comparatively small amount of radioactive waste is stored in this repository, but the inventory comprises various kinds of waste: short-lived low-level radioactive waste, short-lived low and intermediate radioactive waste, long-lived intermediate and high-level radioactive waste. The possible site-specific radionuclide migration through the groundwater pathway as well as the human exposure are considered by the computer program RESRAD-OFFSITE in this paper. The analysis of the obtained data shows that out of all stored radionuclides only H-3, C-14 and Cl-36 exceeding the dose constraint of 0.2 mSv can be considered as dangerous. The monitoring carried out in the repository environment has shown the contamination of groundwater with radioactive tritium and a significant reduction of contamination after construction of additional protective engineering barriers. For the assessment of the contribution of separate site-specific parameters of the model taking into account uncertainties of the model and parameters to the annual effective dose, the computer code RESRAD-OFFSITE provides the possibility of applying the regression analysis. It has been determined that the aquifer lateral dispersion as well as the hydraulic gradient, the radionuclide activity concentration in the repository together with the rate of penetration into the environment and the precipitation amount have the largest influence on the assessment accuracy of annual effective doses.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2010, 55, 2; 251-259
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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