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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Kurdistan’s role in European energy security
    Autorzy:
    Ismael, Hemin Mohammed
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199428.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
    Tematy:
    Kurdistan Region
    Iraq
    European Energy Security
    natural gas
    Opis:
    The paper analyzes the Kurdistan Regional Government’s (KRG) natural resource strategies, such as how it deals with huge reserves of many trillion cubic feet of its natural gas as significant energy. Because natural gas belongs to the cleanest burning fossil fuels, with 30 percent less carbon than oil, it plays a role in the global fuel economy. As KRG transports its natural gas to international markets, like European countries, via Turkey it means they also participate in energy security as a new actor. Because the KRG is landlocked, strong factors may affect Kurdish natural gas strategies because KRG is surrounded by today’s partners and yesterday’s enemies politically and economically. Turkey, the neighbor of KRG, also buys its gas and has an influence on these strategies after the Ukraine crisis that pushed European countries to make a turn towards Caspian natural gas. Kurdistan is part of the best option for European energy security as it plans to diversify natural gas imports. While the KRG benefits from selling its natural gas directly to international markets, this will come with some struggles. Many of these obstacles can be classified into two types: internal and external obstacles, such as a conflict with the central government regarding how to share gas revenues. Others problems include Iranian neighbor interest on natural resources in Kurdistan and Russia that looks to Kurdish gas as its ally if Kurdistan joins the southern gas corridor pipeline.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2020, 10, 1; 33-41
    2084-0497
    2451-2249
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Kurdish educational curriculum: an unreflected philosophical base
    Autorzy:
    Hussein Saeed, Haval
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388642.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
    Tematy:
    the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
    the Kurdish educational curriculum
    educational
    philosophy
    Opis:
    At this point in time, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, an educational philosophy underpinning the educational system is being neither reflected upon nor consciously implemented. This serious situation is the subject of this research and will be presented using logical and political explanations as well as analytical methodology. The facts and conclusions included will be assessed for accuracy. The entire contents of the educational plan and curriculum of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region will be explained in a manner that is both understandable and problematized when necessary. Later in the study, the current curriculum and programmes in Iraq, and especially the educational system of Iraq, will be more generally explained and analyzed. At another point, as education and philosophy are discussed, an attempt will be made to determine whether there is any relation between the current educational model and a philosophy. At a final point, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’s educational philosophy is discussed with a view to analyzing its impact, if any, on the educational system and curricula. In addition, the study looks at whether the aim and philosophy of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’s education system is clear and understandable by international standards.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2015, 31, 4; 122-131
    1734-1582
    2451-2230
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Kurdowie we współczesnych społecznościach Bliskiego Wschodu
    Kurds in the Contemporary Societies in the Middle East
    Autorzy:
    Giedz, Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615894.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Kurdistan
    Kurds
    Kurdistan Region
    Barzani
    Middle East
    Syrian Revolution
    Kurdystan
    Kurdowie
    Region Kurdystanu
    Bliski Wschód
    Syryjska Rewolucja
    Opis:
    The Middle East is a region characterized by huge diversity in terms of religion and ethnicity, as well as nationality. In this Middle Eastern melting pot of societies the Kurds stand out as a nation estimated at 45 million people who were ignored until the tragedy that occurred in the spring of 1991. Before the American intervention in Iraq, the Kurds in all four countries in which they happened to live, were treated as second class citizens. 2003 was a breakthrough, marking the beginning of the Kurds being perceived as a nation which has a right to self-determination. The events after 2003 led to the bizarre situation, in which a marginal population became an important partner on the international political arena. In Iraq the Kurds play the role of a catalyst among discordant Muslim groups. In the context of the „Arab Spring” and events in Syria, they are a bargaining card for the Turkish and Syrian governments, but simultaneously the Kurds are entrusted with integration activities. An extremely interesting situation has arisen. This formerly humiliated community has started to become a respected nation which is able to resolve conflicts in the Middle East.
    Bliski Wschód jest regionem charakteryzującym się ogromną różnorodnością zarówno religijną, narodowościowąjak i etniczną. W tym bliskowschodnim tyglu społeczeństw wyróżniają się Kurdowie, szacowany na 45 milionów osób naród, który do tragedii, jaka rozegrała się wiosną 1991 r. był niezauważalny. Do amerykańskiej interwencji na Irak, Kurdowie we wszystkich czterech krajach, w których przyszło im mieszkać, byli traktowani jako obywatele 2-giej kategorii. Momentem przełomowym stał się rok 2003, kiedy to Kurdów zaczęto postrzegać jako naród, który ma prawo do samostanowienia. Wydarzenia po 2003 r. doprowadziły do kuriozalnej sytuacji, w której ludność z marginesu staje się ważnym partnerem na międzynarodowej scenie politycznej. W Iraku Kurdowie pełnią funkcję katalizatora pomiędzy zwaśnionymi, muzułmańskimi grupami. W kontekście „Arabskiej Wiosny” i wydarzeń w Syrii, stanowią dla rządów Turcji i Syrii kartę przetargową, ale jednocześnie to im powierza się działania integracyjne. Tworzy się niezwykle interesująca sytuacja. Dotychczas poniżana społeczność staje się poważanym narodem, który może mieć wpływ na rozwiązanie konfliktów na Bliskim Wschodzie.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Politologiczny; 2014, 1; 283-298
    1426-8876
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Politologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rentier economy of the Kurdish region in Iraq as a source of barriers for the regional security sector reform
    Autorzy:
    Sosnowski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-07
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
    Tematy:
    Rentier State
    Kurdistan Region
    de facto state
    Security Sector Reform
    Iraq
    Opis:
    Despite the uncertainty about the Peshmerga’s status, western countries besides training and arming the Iraqi Kurds are working with them to reform Peshmerga forces. The aim of this article is to identify and explain some of the barriers for the Regional Security Sector Reform which comes from oil dependence. The author assumed that explaining the historical context of some of the barriers emerging could be helpful during the reform planning process.
    Źródło:
    Security and Defence Quarterly; 2019, 23, 1; 144-157
    2300-8741
    2544-994X
    Pojawia się w:
    Security and Defence Quarterly
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The zoning of the erosion intensity and sediment yield using the geographic information systems and remote sensing, with the application of the MPSIAC model (Case study: Syazakh dam basin, Kurdistan)
    Autorzy:
    Emamgholi, M.
    Shahedi, K.
    Khaledian, V.
    Babaee, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10759.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    erosion intensity
    sediment yield
    remote sensing
    application
    MPSIAC model
    Syazakh basin
    Kurdistan region
    Geographic Information System
    Opis:
    The aim of the present research was to estimate erosion and sediment and to formulate a map of the basin's erosion intensity using the satellite data, GIS technique and to compare the hydrometric stations' statistics. Using the Land sat satellite images among the results obtained from these data through (TM, ETM+), coverage index (NDVI) as well as a combination of bands 2, 3 and 4 for determining the type of land use and for assessing the soil texture in terms of regional aerial images tone and in accordance with the physiographic of the basin through sampling the soil texture , the map of the basin's texture was obtained. Assessing the surface and river erosion was also conducted using the aerial images and field visits. Given the data obtained and the model being applied, the special sediment rate in the basin was 5/19 tons per hectare, while the overall sediment rate obtained for the entire basin was estimated 5496533 tons in a year. Meantime, the observed and estimated value in the hydrometric station of Nesare Olya for as much as 553230 tons in a year shows a less than 1 % difference in the entire estimation of the sediments accumulated in the back of the dam while its sediment load rate estimation as much as 5/16 tons per hectare shows a 0/03 difference rate for the station.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2014, 04
    2300-9675
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Newcomers and autochthons. Preliminary report on the 2014–2015 survey in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, Iraq
    Autorzy:
    Ławecka, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1707814.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Late Chalcolithic
    Late Uruk
    Uruk expansion
    Kurdistan Autonomous Region
    archaeological survey
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of the “Newcomers and autochthons” project conducted within the framework of the UGZAR field project in the Upper Greater Zab region in 2014– 2015 (continued from 2012 and 2013). A preliminary recapitulation of the Late Chalcolithic 3–5 settlement pattern focuses on the so-called Uruk expansion, manifested in the presence of artifacts belonging to the southern Mesopotamian Uruk culture on some of the surveyed sites.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2016, 25; 511-519
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Newcomers and autochthons. The 2016–2017 UGZAR survey in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, Iraq. Settlement pattern in the Ninevite 5 period (2012–2017)
    Autorzy:
    Ławecka, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1682171.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Late Chalcolithic
    Ninevite 5 period
    Kurdistan Autonomous Region
    archaeological survey
    settlement pattern
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of the last two field campaigns (autumn seasons of 2016 and 2017) of the “Newcomers and autochthons” project, conducted since 2013 within the framework of the UGZAR (Upper Greater Zab Archaeological Reconnaissance) project in the upper Greater Zab area of the Kurdistan Autonomous Region of Iraq. A short preliminary account on the sites found during this period is followed by an overview of the Ninevite 5 settlement pattern based on data gathered over the course of six seasons of prospection within the research area.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2018, 27(1); 417-427
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Newcomers and autochthons. Preliminary report on 2013 activities in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, Iraq
    Autorzy:
    Ławecka, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1727534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Late Chalcolithic period
    Late Uruk period
    Uruk expansion
    Kurdistan Autonomous Region
    archaeological survey
    Opis:
    The aim of the project “Newcomers and autochthons” is a detailed analysis of the archaeological remains dated to the Late Chalcolithic and Ninevite 5 periods found during the survey conducted in the Upper Greater Zab area. The article presents a preliminary report on the field activities in the fall of 2013.
    Źródło:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2015, 24(1); 591-598
    1234-5415
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    KURDOWIE – NARÓD PODZIELONY POMIĘDZY CZWORO
    KURDS – A NATION DIVIDED INTO FOUR
    Autorzy:
    Brylew, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/507167.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-12-13
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
    Tematy:
    Haider al-Abadi
    Irak
    Kirkuk
    Masud Barzani
    Nouri al-Maliki
    peszmergowie
    referendum
    Region Kurdystanu
    pola naftowe
    Iraq
    Masoud Barzani
    Peschmerga
    Kurdistan Region
    oil fields
    Opis:
    W dniu 25 września 2017 roku na terenie Regionu Kurdystanu oraz tak zwanych obszarach spornych zostało przeprowadzone referendum, w którym Kurdowie z Iraku mieli się wypowiedzieć w sprawie niepodległości. Zgodnie z Konstytucją Iraku Kurdystan iracki stanowi autonomiczny region w ramach federacji. Działania rządu Regionu Kurdystanu uznane zostały przez rząd Iraku za nielegalne i pozbawione podstaw prawnych. Także rządy pozostałych państw, na których obszarze zamieszkują Kurdowie, stanowczo sprzeciwiły się ich separatystycznym działaniom i zagroziły w przypadku podtrzymania decyzji surowymi konsekwencjami, nie wykluczając użycia sił zbrojnych. Osamotnieni w działaniach, pozbawieni wsparcia Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz innych mocarstw angażujących się w sprawy Bliskiego Wschodu, pod naciskiem irackich sił federalnych, Kurdowie zostali zmuszeni do opuszczenia Kirkuku.
    On 25th September 2017, a referendum on independence of the Kurdistan Region was held in the Kurdistan Region and in the so-called disputed areas, which, according to the Iraqi Constitution, is an autonomous region within the Federation. The referendum was held despite the opposition of the Baghdad authorities and the lack of support from the United States and the Russian Federation. The actions of the Kurdistan Regional Government have been recognized by the Iraqi government as illegal and without legal basis. The governments of the remaining states in which Kurds are located are also strongly opposed to the separatist actions and have taken actions aimed at forcing Kurdistan to refrain from further attempts to introduce the results of the referendum. In addition to the closure of the Kurdistan region's land borders, Iran and Turkey have blocked airspace and threatened to use armed force. The United States and Russia, which both opposed the referendum, have called for dialogue and a peaceful resolution of the dispute. Abandoned, confused and deprived of support, the Kurds were forced to leave Kirkuk under pressure from Iraqi federal forces backed by pro-Shiite militias.
    Źródło:
    Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2018, 3; 47-64
    2543-7321
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the causal agent of chafer beetle mortality in the wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran
    Autorzy:
    Karimi, K.
    Arzanlou, M.
    Ahari, A.B.
    Ghazi, M.M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65470.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    phenotypic characteristics
    molecular characteristics
    causal agent
    chafer beetle zob.scarab beetle
    Anisoplia austriaca
    scarab beetle
    mortality
    wheat field
    Kurdistan region
    Iran
    Opis:
    We report the first case of chafer beetle [Anisoplia austriaca (Herbst 1783)] mortality caused by Actinomucor elegans var. elegans in wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran. For three years, dead larvae of Anisoplia austriaca were collected from wheat fields of the Kurdistan province. Similar isolates of a fast-growing fungus were recovered from all samples. The fungal isolates were identified as A. elegans var. elegans based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The identity of the species was further confirmed using sequence data of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of ribosomal DNA. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by the inoculation of the larvae of A. austriaca and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (as the model insect) using the spore suspension of A. elegans var. elegans. The viability of sporangiospores was evaluated using a spore dilution technique on germination medium. The results on the pathogenicity (100% mortality in A. austriaca larvae) and viability tests (germination: 95.45%) demonstrated that A. elegans var. elegans can be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against the chafer beetle. Field experiments are still required to evaluate the capacity of A. elegans as a biological control agent.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2015, 55, 3
    1427-4345
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigating the recent drought effects on underground water resources in the province of Kurdistan from a quantitative and qualitative point of view (Case study: Dehgolan and Ghorveh plains)
    Autorzy:
    Bashiri, E.
    Bashiri, J.
    Karimi, F.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11333.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    drought effect
    underground water
    water resource
    Kurdistan region
    Dehgolan plain
    Ghorveh plain
    climate change
    water level fluctuation
    hydrology
    deposit type
    hydrochemistry
    Opis:
    The Ghorveh plain with an annual average rainfall of 350 millimeter and a cold and semi humid climate is located between the Dehgolan's watersheds and Chahardoli and 95 kilometers east of Sanandaj and northwest of Hamadan. From a geographic coordinates point of view it is situated between the longitudes of 47° 38' 52" to 48° 06' 03" eastern and latitudes of 35° 02' 22" to 35° 30' 54" northern . This plain leads to Mts. Darvazeh and Ebrahim Attar from south, it leads to hillside lands from the northern side , from Westside it reaches Mt. Bikheir and from the eastern part it is limited to the Dam Gaz heights. The area of the Ghorveh watershed is 1063/50 square kilometers while the area of the region under study is 197 square kilometers. Geologically speaking, it is located in the Sanadaj –Sirjan zone. The collision depth to the underground waters in the heights range bordering the plain is a maximum of 42 meters while the same rate about the river Talvar is at least zero and it is less than 5 meters in a wide range region of the eastern side of the plain. The direction of the underground water flow in the Ghorveh region is from the south west to north east. The Piezometrical water level changes compared to the western side plain has had a reduced height.The Dehgolan's plain with an annual average rainfall of 354 millimeters and a cold and semi humid climate is located in the eastern side of the city of Sanandaj between the longitudes of 47° 08' 00" to 48° 12' 00" eastern and latitudes of 35° 00' 00" to 36° 00'00" northern. This plain is limited to not very high ridge of Shanooreh from the eastern side and it leads to the Darband Kabood heights and Abdulrahman heights from south, while it leads to Mt. Sheida and Akhikamal and Salarabad from north and then it is limited to the Khatoon heights from the west part . The area of the watershed of Dehgolan is 2250 square kilometer and the area of the region under study is 644 square kilometers . Geologically and regionally speaking, it is part of the geological – structural zone of Sanandaj – Sirjan. The general slope of the region is towards east and north east. The main river of this plain is called Talvar. The alluvial aquifer of the Dehgolan's plain is of a free type and is on average 90meters thick where in some parts thickness swells to 90 meters.
    Źródło:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences; 2013, 03
    2300-9675
    Pojawia się w:
    International Letters of Natural Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeria parva associated with grapevine decline in Kurdistan region - Iraq
    Identyfikacja i patogeniczność grzybów Botryosphaeria parva związanych z zamieraniem winorośli w regionie Kurdystanu w Iraku
    Autorzy:
    Haleem, R.A.
    Abdullah, S.K.
    Jubrael, J.M.S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    identification
    pathogenicity
    Botryosphaeria parva
    grapevine
    Kurdistan region
    Iraq
    fungi
    plant cultivar
    pathogen isolate
    canker
    green shoot
    field condition
    black dead arm
    plant disease
    Opis:
    During a survey on fungi associated with decline symptoms on grapevine cultivars growing in Kurdistan region of Iraq, several isolates of Botryosphaeria species were encountered. All isolates were identified as Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook and Samuels. Pathogenicity test for isolate DKI 1 was performed on two cultivars, Taefi and Rashmew. Under greenhouse conditions, one-year grape rooted cuttings were inoculated with the pathogen isolate by two methods, injecting the spore suspension into the green shoots and by artificial inoculation of wounded shoots with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (15.0 mm) was produced after four months on the shoots of the Taife cultivar artificially inoculated with mycelial mat of the pathogen. Under field conditions, two methods of inoculation were adopted, wounding the green shoots and drilling a hole in the arms of mature vine, followed by inoculation with mycelial mat. The highest canker length (11.17 mm) was obtained after 5 months on wounded shoots of the Rashmew cultivar and with a significant difference from the Taefi cultivar. The pathogen caused a reduction in fresh and dry weight of green shoots and roots compared with the non-inoculated control. This is the first report on B. parva in Iraq.
    W trakcie prowadzenia badań nad grzybami związanymi z symptomami zamierania gatunków winorośli rosnących w regionie Kurdystan w Iraku natrafiono na kilka izolatów gatunków z rodzaju Botryosphaeria. Wszystkie izolaty oznaczono jako Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook i Samuels. Na dwóch odmianach, ‘Taefi’ i ‘Rashmew’, wykonano test patogeniczności dla izolatu DKI 1. W warunkach szklarniowych jednoroczne ukorzenione sadzonki winorośli inokulowano izolatem patogena przy użyciu dwóch metod: wstrzykując zawiesinę zarodników grzyba w zielone pędy oraz poprzez sztuczną inokulację naciętych pędów za pomocą grzybni. Nekroza o największej długości (15,0 mm) powstała po czterech miesiącach na pędach odmiany Taife sztucznie inokulowanych grzybnią patogena. W warunkach polowych przyjęto dwie metody inokulacji: nacięcie zielonych pędów oraz wywiercenie dziurki w gałęziach dojrzałej winorośli, po czym dokonano inokulacji grzybnią. Nekrozę o największej długości (11,17 mm) uzyskano po 5 miesiącach na naciętych pędach odmiany Rashmew, przy czym różnica w stosunku do odmiany Taefi była istotna. Patogen spowodował zmniejszenie świeżej i suchej masy pędów zielonych i korzeni w porównaniu z nieokulowaną kontrolą. Jest to pierwsze doniesienie na temat grzyba B. parva w Iraku.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrobotanica; 2012, 65, 1
    0065-0951
    2300-357X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrobotanica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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