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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1645
Tytuł:
China in the South China Sea. Can China’s presence in the South China Sea lead to war?
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
the South China Sea
China
competition
navy
naval forces
Opis:
China has been expanding its presence on the South China Sea, which causes tensions in the region. However, when different aspects of the situation are analysed, an open armed conflict seems hardly possible. Looking at China’s activity in this body of water, it appears the Chinese state strives to safeguard its interests, primarily the economic ones, nonetheless it should be emphasized that it pursues its superpower ambitions at the same time.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 15-29
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Od „Made in China” do „Created in China” – droga Chin do supremacji innowacyjnej
From “Made in China” to “Created in China” – China’s way to innovation supremacy
Autorzy:
Pangsy-Kania, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Opis:
China is not only a country of cheap production (“Made in China”). China is becoming more and more innovative, as evidenced by its growing position in the annual Global Innovation Index (GII) ranking. Over the past decade, China has become an emerging superpower while the economic position of the United States and the European Union has weakened. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of whether the US innovation supremacy becoming the past. The role of China is growing as a result of departing from “Made in China” and illegally obtained technological solutions in favor of innovation and technologically advanced production “Created in China.” Huawei is one of the most innovative companies in the world. The analysis is carried out in the context of the significance of the Thucydides trap in the technological war between the United States and China and the location of changes in the innovativeness of both countries in the aspect of the Kondratiev cycle. Additionally, China may come out stronger from the pandemic that has changed the whole world.
Źródło:
Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej; 2021, 19; 97-115
2353-8724
Pojawia się w:
Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subnational actors in the relations between China and Central and Eastern European countries
Autorzy:
Gu, Hongfei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041597.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
China-CEE Relations
Local Government
China-Poland Relations
Opis:
While much discussion centres on China’s engagement with Central and Eastern European countries, few studies investigate the role of subnational actors in the relations between the two sides. This paper brings China’s cooperation with Central and Eastern European (CEECs) countries, centred around what is popularly known as the “16 + 1” mechanism. It aims to unravel the link between local governments and the “16 + 1” cooperation mechanism. Local governments’ external cooperation is a new attempt in China’s diplomatic layout. It argues that the exchanges between local governments are a useful supplement to the in-depth cooperation between the two sides, and the cooperation between the two sides has formed a relatively stable pattern. At present, it has entered the stage of an in-depth integration focusing on optimization and upgrading. The further development of local cooperation mainly depends on whether it can play a sufficient leading role in the economic development of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
Źródło:
Eastern Review; 2019, 8; 101-121
1427-9657
2451-2567
Pojawia się w:
Eastern Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Objectification of Women in China. Chosen Examples from Women’s Writing
Autorzy:
Ciarcińska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22781604.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny
Tematy:
objectification of women
subordination of women
China
women in China
Opis:
The article presents the problem of objectification of Chinese women from the past to the present times. Objectification of women in China can be regarded as a total phenomenon since it regarded control over feminine bodies, will and spirit. From birth, women were strictly controlled and socialised accordingly. According to Confucian principles men were also supposed to show subordination to their fathers, superiors and rulers, however, looking from a historical perspective, it is clear that subordination of women permeated patriarchal Chinese society so deeply, that it took the form of objectification that influenced traditions, customs and mentality of the inhabitants of the Middle Kingdom.
Źródło:
Władza sądzenia; 2018, 14; 103-115
2300-1690
Pojawia się w:
Władza sądzenia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China changes the development model
Autorzy:
Rzeszotarska, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
China
Globalization
Model of development
Modernization
Opis:
The last decades of the twentieth century fundamentally changed the situation in the global economy. China’s spectacular economic success has increased an interest in this country. The short time in which China moved on from the a poor agricultural country into a global economic power is admirable. China’s model combines conflicted elements of different economic systems: the bureaucratic planning, island-capitalism, simple goods production and natural economy. The current development and transformation of the economy have brought about spectacular achievements and successes. However, the “the world’s manufacturer” produces goods designed in other countries. In contrast, the modern idea is to build a modern and independent Chinese industry. The possibilities of the current model of economic development based on simple reserves and large statedriven infrastructure projects, which no longer drive the economy to the extent they previously did, dried out. Thus, the “Middle Kingdom” will have to compete against the rest of the world on quality and innovation. Therefore the development of the new model is a prerequisite to ensure progress in the future. Discussion on further development has been expedited in 2011, when it became abundantly clear that the Chinese economy would share the experience of the effects of the global crisis. The Chinese look at the challenges that the economy is facing realistically in thinking about the modern technology which begins to dominate the country. China is determined to become the leading technological superpower of the world. Today, many developing countries are looking towards China watching the development model implemented there with the hope of its adaptation in their economies. However, China is a unique entity. Therefore, it may be that adaptation of the Chinese model of development in other countries is not possible.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2015, 20; 128-138
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienna polityka prezydenta Donalda Trumpa wobec Chin
Changing Donald Trump’s Policy Toward China
Autorzy:
Pastusiak, Longin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439857.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
Tematy:
stosunki USA-Chiny
polityka Chin wobec USA
spotkania amerykańsko-chińskie
handel USA-Chiny
US – China relations
Chinese policy towards US
Trump and China
US – China meetings
US – China trade
Opis:
W artykule, na podstawie analizy materiałów zarówno amerykańskich, jak i chińskich, przedstawiono główne cele i treści polityki prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych Donalda Trumpa wobec Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. Stosunki amerykańsko-chińskie w okresie prezydenckiej kampanii wyborczej 2015-2016, jak również po objęciu przez Trumpa prezydentury w styczniu 2017 roku charakteryzują się jednocześnie rywalizacją i współpracą. Choć sprawy zagraniczne w prezydenckiej kampanii wyborczej 2015-2016 odgrywały marginalną rolę, Trump krytycznie odniósł się do amerykańskich przedsiębiorstw, które przeniosły swoją produkcję do Chin z powodu tańszej siły roboczej. Jako kandydat na prezydenta głosił, że Chińczycy nie fair konkurują na rynku amerykańskim i proponował wprowadzenie ceł zaporowych w wysokości 45% na towary importowane z Chin. Zapowiadał również twarde negocjacje z Chinami dla obrony interesów amerykańskich. Artykuł ma znaczenie zarówno badawcze, jak i praktyczne – pozwala lepiej zrozumieć interesy Chin w stosunkach z innymi krajami.
On the basis of American and Chinese resources, the article presents main goals and contents of policy of the US President Donald Trump toward the Chinese People’s Republic. The American-Chinese relations during Donald Trump presidency are characterised by both rivalry and cooperation. The article presents the issues in US-China economic and trade competition in the US market. The US government accuses China on governmental subsides of Chinese products placed in the American market. American president Donald Trump promised to defend strongly US interests in negotiations with China. The article has not only scholarly importance, but also has implications for practical US policy toward China.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2018, 4(58); 184-193
2084-4689
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Development of Marxist Shakespearean Criticism in China
Autorzy:
Zhang, Wei
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
China
Marxism
Shakespearean criticism
Opis:
Chinese Shakespearean criticism from Marxist perspectives is highly original in Chinese Shakespeare studies. Scholars such as Mao Dun, Yang Hui, Zhao Li, Fang Ping, Yang Zhouhan, Bian Zhilin, Meng Xianqiang, Sun Jiaxiu, Zhang Siyang and Wang Yuanhua adopt the basic principles and methods of Marxism to elaborate on Shakespeare’s works and have made great achievements. With ideas changed in different political climates, they have engaged in Shakespeare studies for over eight decades since the 1930s. At the beginning of the revolutionary age, they advocated revolutionary literature, followed Russian Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective, and established the mode of class analysis and highlighted realism. Before and after the Cultural Revolution, they were concerned about class, reality and people. They also showed the “left-wing” inclination, taking literature as a tool to serve politics. Since the 1980s, they have been free from politics and entered the pure academic realm, analysing Shakespearean dramas with Marxist aesthetic theories and transforming from sociological criticism to literary criticism.
Źródło:
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance; 2019, 20, 35; 99-113
2083-8530
2300-7605
Pojawia się w:
Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Learning and Teaching Opportunities of Ethnic Minorities in Multicultural China. Unity, Diversity or Critical Pluralism?
Autorzy:
Mańkowska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/644946.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
minority education
China
school in China
religion
language
minzu
Opis:
This article explores current issues of minority education in China, especially in the context of religion and language education. In the first part of the article, the author describes (1) cultural and political framework of Chinese education in general and (2) current educational conditions, also discussing differences in educational attainment for minority groups in China. The second part of the article presents the situation of minority religions, which is not really recognised in state schooling in China. The author shows educational examples from the Tibet region and from Muslim education. The third part of the article explores another major challenge related to ethnic minority schooling, which is language diversity. In the final part of the paper, the author tries to comment on Chinese minority education dilemmas and concludes with some social recommendations.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2019, 15, 1; 69-81
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China -Taiwan relations and their implications for international security
Autorzy:
Tworkowski, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/17876790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
China
Taiwan
international relations
South China Sea region
Taiwan Strait
threats to peace
security
Opis:
The victory of the communist forces in the civil war in China resulted in the flight of the government, with the defeated leader Chiang Kai-shek and about 2 million followers, to the island of Taiwan. Hoping for a change in the situation, the President of the Republic of China announced temporary move of the capital of China to Taiwan. At the same time Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong, took control of the entire territory of mainland China, with the capital in Beijing, announcing the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. This article deals with the assessment of the relationship between those two entities, that have coexisted unchanged since 1949. During this period, they followed different political pathways, but they invariably absorbed international opinion and affected the level of international security. Inspiration to take up this topic came from the significant deterioration of the international situation, influenced by the relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka; 2023, LI, 2; 29-40
1899-6264
2451-0718
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU’s Perceptions in China: Teacher, Co-operator, Competitor and Troublemaker
Autorzy:
Zuotao, Xiang
Wengang, Ji
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
China
EU
perception
foreign policy
EU–China relations
cooperation
competition
Opis:
Chinese people have four different perceptions of the European Union (EU): of a teacher, co-operator, competitor, and troublemaker. ‘Teacher’ means that the EU is the role model for China. Nowadays, the EU is a major destination for Chinese overseas students as well as one of the destinations where Chinese officials spend their overseas investigation trips. ‘Co-operator’ means the EU and China are partners rather than opponents. The cooperation between the EU and China is diversified and China shows a stronger intention to cooperate with the EU. In the economic field, the EU has become the largest trading partner of China, while China has been the second largest trading partner of the EU. China expects to coordinate and cooperate with the EU in matters concerning global affairs and local hot issues such as climate change, the fight against terrorism, resource and food safety protection, and the facilitation of international financial system reforms and global governance to improve each other’s right of speech in global governance. ‘Competitor’ means that the EU and China should compete against each other fairly in all fields, especially in the economic field, and meanwhile seize the market by dint of technical and price advantages rather than governmental intervention. ‘Troublemaker’ means that the EU often criticizes China’s inadequate efforts in the field of the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms, requiring China to establish a diversified society in accordance with EU values.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2015, 51, 1; 93-106
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy trade relations between Russia and China
Autorzy:
Yamato, Sayaka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/10493906.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
China
Russia
economic relations
energy policy
Opis:
Economic relations between Russia and China have been growing over the years. Of particular importance in Russia-China economic relations is the gas and oil trade. Russia has the world’s largest natural resources, while China is the world’s largest energy consumer. In 2014, an agreement was reached to build a new gas pipeline and increase gas exports to China. If the planned volume of gas can be exported to China on a stable basis, Russia will be able to supplement some of the economic sanctions imposed by the West. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether China can be a stable export destination for Russia. There is a significant gap in the trade scale between Russia and China and asymmetrical dependence in the relationship between them. In addition, international pipeline projects have substantial financial and time costs, and the two countries; intentions sometimes differ. The purpose of this research is to clarify the current state of trade interdependence between Russia and China and to study whether China can be a stable economic partner for Russia. This paper consists of three main parts, with an introduction and conclusions. The first part explains an overview of trade and asymmetric interdependence between Russia and China. It then analyses the anticipated benefits and vulnerabilities of increased Russian gas exports to China. The third section investigates the uncertainties of China as a gas importer in terms of China’s dependence on Russia.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 2(38); 62-71
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bipolar Disorder in Statehood: is China “Dr. Jekyll” or “Mr. Hyde” or Both?
Autorzy:
Jones, David A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
China
South China Sea
United States
State Bi-polarity
TPP
TTIP
Opis:
American and Chinese interests seem to be at one time in agreement and at another at loggerheads over issues that involve armed services, diplomacy, economics, human rights, intelligence, trade and culture. Part of what may appear to be a growing déracinement, or mutual disenchantment, arising from diverse viewpoints over infrastructure development globally but especially in sensitive developing areas such as the stand-off in the South China Sea and elsewhere along the Pacific coastline of Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Rim. China seems to be reconstructing its ancient feudal empire, actual or imaginary, in the territory to its South, the ASEAN bloc. This article will address some issues of compatibility and conflict that unite China but that sometimes divide it from the United States and the West, then assesses what alternative strategies should be adopted or abandoned in the interests of global and regional harmony coupled with security. It urges greater cooperation and collaboration, a development of a code of conduct for state behavior in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region, together with a concerted East–West effort to maintain a stable economy for China and a sustainable trade relationship between China, Europe, and North America.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2018, 22, 1
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Plany rozwoju gospodarczego Chin
Plans of the economic development of China
Autorzy:
Kikolski, Bohdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078124.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
gospodarka Chin
reformy ekonomiczne w Chinach
China’s economy
economic reforms in China
Opis:
The author presents economic foundation for the current five and next 15-20 years, during which the authorities wants to increase the country’s position in the global power rank by increasing, among other things, GNP by 47% over 5 years. China is assumed to be in a position to win chances which result from development of inter-Asian trade, increasing the attractiveness of its own market for the foreign investments, whose volume may put China in the second place worldwide after USA and having become the most important market for Taiwan. The economic potential of China is also characterized by a volume of foreign reserves. which combined with Hong Kong exceeded USD 200 billion and continues to rise. One of the main long-term goals is to accelerate transformation and overall development of the Western regions of the country, in order to overcome internal disproportion. Structural changes are being planned, the essence of which is to preserve the total state ownership only buy only in 512 key enterprises or their groups, thus increasing the private sector beyond the agriculture. The strategic economic projects show that the mechanisms, introduced in the recent years of reforms, will continue to be implemented.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 1998, I; 131-159
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Countering China: India’s Pacific Predicament
Autorzy:
Bhattacharya, Subhadeep
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2092254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Subhadeep Bhattacharya
Pacific
China
alliance
India
strategy
Opis:
The term 'Indo-Pacific', while mingling the Indian and the Pacific Ocean geopolitics in the 21st century, also attempts to integrate India with the Pacific region geopolitically. India has increasingly integrated economically with the Pacific world since the unveiling of her Look East Policy in 1994, rechristened as the Act East Policy in 2014. Growing hostility between the country and China compelled India to turn to the 'contain China' approach in the Pacific region, which is the cradle of Chinese naval prowess. However, India's deficient naval strength with its focus on the Indian Ocean and her land-oriented security priority amid Chinese and Pakistani threats are major handicaps to India's geo-strategic aspirations in the Pacific region vis-à-vis China's rise. Therefore, India, unable to pursue an offensive realist approach to contain China in the Pacific, has opted for a 'balance of threat' approach, forming alliances with the China-wary countries of the Pacific region, albeit only informally, in order to avoid Chinese retribution.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2020, 56, 2; 21-38
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chinas Regional Policy and the Influence of the EU Assistance
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623735.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009-09-29
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
China regional development
EU development aid
EU-China Regional Policy Dialogue
EU projects in China
Opis:
Firstly, a short outlook has been given on regional inequalities in China. Secondly, the EU assistance programmes and sectoral dialogue have been analysed. Finally, the major research problem - what are the limitations of the EU's assistance influence on China - has been investigated.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2009, 16, 1
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 1645

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