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Tytuł:
Instruments for the Protection of Victims of Natural Disasters in Polish Tax Law
Autorzy:
Goettel, Aleksy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375198.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
tax
tax preferences
tax exemption
Opis:
The destructive impact of natural disasters (and other random events that are usually difficult to predict) is increasingly being felt in all areas of the functioning of modern states. The governments of those countries (often in cooperation with local authorities) take various measures to prevent such events and to minimise their consequences, including helping victims of their occurrence. One way to achieve some of the above intentions – although certainly not of fundamental importance – is the use of tax law instruments, in particular tax preferences. This study is an attempt to analyse and assess these provisions of tax law that allow victims of natural disasters to benefit from preferential tax rules. The study discusses the tax instruments used to help victims of natural disasters used by tax authorities. The analysis shows that the system of tax instruments protecting victims of natural disasters is largely based on discretionary solutions, used only as a result of an appropriate procedure followed by a formal decision of an authorised body (legal act or decision). In light of the studies carried out, it can be concluded in general that the system of tax instruments to protect persons affected by natural disasters requires certain measures to improve its effectiveness. Certain requests in this regard, addressed to the legislature, were generally indicated in the study. The article also presents some specific issues related to the interpretation of of the regulations under consideration, including some editorial and terminology doubts.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2020, 12(2); 101-114
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efektywność szacowania podstawy opodatkowania
Efficiency of the tax base assessment
Autorzy:
Ginter, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
tax
tax gap
tax revenues
Opis:
Avoiding paying taxes, if is becomes a common phenomenon, inevitably leads to the collapse of public finances. The aim of this publication is to discuss basic tax estimation, the presentation of the essence of the matter and its efficiency evaluation. The important part of the publication is an analysis of the effectiveness of estimating the tax base on the basis of information provided by a representative group of tax offices. The study included the results of the study group offices in the 2007–2011 period. The paper also evaluated the effectiveness of estimating the tax base in the light of the case law of administrative courts. The study shows the small importance of the institution of estimating a tax base as an effective mechanism for reducing the tax gap in Poland. This shows the need for a further reform of the Polish tax system, to simplify tax structure.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 2 (6); 55-69
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax management in an enterprise
Autorzy:
Król, Sylwia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
tax optimization
tax planning
tax risk
tax strategy
Opis:
Every business sets goals for itself in the course of its operations. One of them is to maintain financial liquidity and strive for profit optimization. It is worth noting, however, that in achieving these goals, taxes play a decisive role. One of the problems that arise in managing an enterprise is a considerable tax burden that affects the company's financial problems. However, in the Polish tax law system, there are ways that give the entrepreneur the opportunity to choose the place of running a business, how to settle taxes, and the possibility of deciding on the legal form of economic activity. Each of these choices affects the size of tax burdens and the financial situation of a given enterprise.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 299-312
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Controlling the tax burden of the enterprise in the reality of Ukrainian legislation
Autorzy:
Alyeksyeyev, Ihor
Paranchuk, Stepan
Chervinska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/949677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
tax system
the tax burden
tax planning
tax optimization
tax incentives
Opis:
The essence of the “tax burden” is revealed in the paper. The formulas for the determination of an integral and particular tax burden for businesses, who pay taxes on the common system of taxation, are offered. Some measures of optimization of the tax burden in order to stimulate entrepreneurial activity of domestic enterprises, including local and macroeconomic optimization measures, are proposed. The tax burden on enterprise in the form of tax rates in other countries is also presented.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2018, 23, 1; 22-32
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pozafiskalne funkcje podatku dochodowego w praktyce gospodarczej
The Non-Fiscal Functions of Income Tax in Economic Practice
Autorzy:
Zbroińska, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/574623.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-02-29
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
Tematy:
income tax
tax policy
tax functions
tax instruments
Opis:
The study evaluates the relevance and validity of certain tax instruments used in economic practice. This involves instruments such as the possibility of selecting the form of corporate income taxation; more convenient dates and forms of advance tax payments; technology-related tax breaks; and tax-risk reduction instruments such as binding tax interpretations and advance pricing agreements (APA). The analysis was made on the basis of data from three tax offices in Poland. The author reached the following conclusions: 1) changes in eligibility criteria for using tax instruments are inconsistent with the rules of tax certainty and the fact that tax collection must be as inexpensive and efficient as possible; 2) more convenient advance tax payment deadlines do not prove to be useful because taxpayers tend to take little interest in them; 3) legal regulations accompanying tax privileges tend to reduce the effectiveness of these privileges in stimulating economic processes. The number and variety of instruments included in the Polish tax system testify to its strong stimulating function but also its complexity, Zbroińska says. Changes in the tax law system designed to either introduce or withdraw individual instruments lead to the destabilization of business activity by infringing on the rule of tax certainty. Some instruments fail to produce the desired results because access to them is restricted. Examples include plans to restrict the use of flat tax rates, limit access to the new-technology tax break, and impose steep fees on advance pricing agreements. The uncertainty among businesses leads to their marginal use of tax facilities related to advance income tax payments, the author says.
Źródło:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics; 2008, 221, 1-2; 91-110
2300-5238
Pojawia się w:
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax changes in the Czech Republic in the COVID-19 pandemic
Autorzy:
Zelenská, Taťána
Bellová, Jana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
real estate tax
road tax
income tax
value added tax
excise tax
Opis:
The covid-19 pandemic has since March 2020 led to declarations of several states of emergency, to shutting down of schools, restrictions on gatherings as well as many business activities, with the aim to stopping the spread and transfer of the virus. Apart from the program of compensation bonuses, program Antivirus, postponing of the electronic sales record and so on, the state has reacted to the situation through tax legislation.The presented paper defines some steps as a result of the pandemic that are connected to tax law, these being specifically real estate tax, road tax, value added tax and excise tax.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 163-179
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Tax Avoidance Clause: Do We Want it, Do We Need it?
Autorzy:
Nieborak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
tax
tax evasion
tax avoidance clause
the Tax Ordinance
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to outline the institution of the tax avoidance clause which has recently been re-introduced to the Polish legal system. The clause is known in many legal systems worldwide, and always arouses numerous controversies, which arise primarily from the subjectivity as well as, partly, the retroactivity of its application, which is based on extremely general principles, leaving a vast interpretative margin to the tax authorities enforcing the clause. Selected problems arising from the implementation of the tax avoidance clause in the Polish legal system have been analysed. These theoretical problems will be real once the clause has been enforced.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 199-211
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości zapobiegania agresywnemu planowaniu finansowemu
Autorzy:
Hybka, Małgorzata Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax avoidance, tax planning, tax havens
Opis:
Tax planning strategies are growing more and more sophisticated over time. Formany OECD member states, these strategies applied by multinational corporationsresult in an immense loss of tax revenue. Therefore counteracting aggressive taxplanning has become a priority of tax policy for both the OECD and the EuropeanUnion. The aim of this article is to analyze selected aggressive tax planning schemes.It also presents definition of aggressive tax planning, reviews its instruments andscale. Moreover it indicates and describes the means to combat aggressive tax planning, such as transfer pricing regulations, institution of controlled foreigncorporation, general anti avoidance rules and thin capitalization provisions.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2015, 3, 4; 115-128
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developing The Concept Of A Tax Law Relationship – Assumptions Concerning Scientific Research On This Issue
Autorzy:
Kalinowski, Marek
Prejs, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091851.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax law
tax law relationship
tax obligations
tax theory
legal relationship
tax research
Opis:
The concept of legal relationship is a tool that lawyers use to describe the legal situation in which entities find themselves due to applicable legal norms. It is therefore a tool for practical analysis of legal norms. The concept of a legal relationship and other legal concepts related to it are used by a lawyer to determine what rights and obligations a particular entity has in a given legal system in relation to the situation of another entity. In other words, it serves to describe the interdependence of the legal situation of entities due to applicable legal norms. Analysis of the legal relationship and related concepts are also useful for researching the behavior of some entities towards others due to applicable legal norms. The concept of legal relationship and the concepts associated with it are therefore a tool for analyzing law in action, thanks to which it is possible to solve a number of legal problems arising in the practice of applying law. It is important for those branches of law in which there are correlations between legal situations of entities of these branches of law. Therefore, it is also important for the tax law and tax research, in which there are relations between the state and taxpayers and other entities of tax law. Although from the most general point of view the structure of the legal relationship may seem to be very similar, however, legal relations in particular branches of law have their own characteristics. This diversity results from the fact that the content of elements determining specific legal relations in these branches of law is different, such as: the subject of the law, facts causing the creation and termination of the legal relationship as well as the content of the rights and obligations of the parties to this relationship. Research on these elements of the legal relationship allows to achieve specific theoretical and practical goals. Due to the fact that they are embedded in applicable law, they allow to build a model of legal relationship, which becomes a tool for practical analysis of applicable law. Secondly, their study allows to deepen knowledge of the characteristics of individual elements of this relationship, such as the subjects of this right. Thanks to this, it is possible to decide what features an entity should have to be able to become the owner of the rights or obligations of a given branch of law, including tax law. The structure of subjectivity in this branch of law is significantly different from the legal subjectivity of civil law. They also allow to catch the relationships between individual rights and individual rights and obligations regulated in a given branch of law. Finally, they allow to understand the premises that give rise to the rights and obligations incumbent on the subjects of a given branch of law. This in turn allows for an in-depth analysis of the tax law norms themselves, as well as views on individual institutions of this law and their critical analysis, as well as a critical analysis of the views of case law on these legal institutions. In the field of tax law science of various countries, models of a tax law relationship have been already created, which allow ordering and analysis of tax law norms. However, many other countries as the Polish tax law science did not pay much attention to this issue of tax law. Therefore, in many countries the most general model of tax law relationship created by the theory of law is used. The same has happened in Polish tax law science. However, this is an insufficient model, as it requires taking into account the state of tax legislation and the specifics of its regulations. Hence, considerations of tax law doctrine’s sometimes lack consistency due to the lack of an appropriate research tool in the form of a tax law relationship model. They also often conflict with each other, because the starting points for the analyses are different. Therefore, further research on tax law relationship is necessary in this field. This paper presents the assumptions concerning scientific research on developing the concept of a tax law relationship.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 24, 4; 102-121
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potential fiscal and non-fiscal consequences of introducing a poll tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Ziębakowski, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/692549.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
poll tax, capitation tax, head tax, Personal Income Tax
Opis:
The inspiration to take up the issue of the poll tax resulted from the desire to verify the claims made by the supporters of the introduction of this tax in Poland in relation to its amount. For this purpose, the simulation of the quota rate of this tax, assuming compensation of the total income from the income tax on natural persons, has been carried out. In addition, potential effects of the introduction of this tax in the fiscal and social areas have been subjected to analysis. The analysis of the simulation of replacing the Personal Income Tax with a poll tax brings the conclusion that the poll tax would not gain acceptance in Poland nowadays. Potential consequences of this change must be considered not only in the fiscal, but above all – social context. The rates of the poll tax assessed on the basis of the concept of its followers are regressive. This is a disqualifying factor of this tribute, because it would bring a number of undesirable consequences to the economy and society.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2016, 1, 1; 25-32
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Typology of taxpayers and tax policy
Autorzy:
Niesiobedzka, Malgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/430824.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
taxpayers
tax compliance
tax evasion
tax morale
tax fairness
Opis:
The issue how to reduce of tax evasion is widely discussed in the literature. A public authority may affect the behavior of taxpayers, not only through economic factors, but also by strengthen fiscal discipline. In this process especially role play such issues as tax morale, tax mentality and perceived tax justice. The purpose of the study was to identify groups of taxpayers with similar attitudes towards taxes and similar tax behaviors. Cluster analysis elicited four types of tax payers: Intrinsic Tax Payer, External Tax Payer, Intrinsic Tax Evader, External Tax Evader. In the study the most common were the first two types of taxpayers. Elicited types correspond with motivational tax postures identified by Braithwaite(2001, 2003) and Torgler (2003). The conclusions sum up the key issues discussed, policy implications and the limitation of the analysis.
Źródło:
Polish Psychological Bulletin; 2014, 45, 3; 372-379
0079-2993
Pojawia się w:
Polish Psychological Bulletin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Generation Z studentsʼ motivation to pay taxes
Autorzy:
Florek, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-21
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Księgowych w Polsce
Tematy:
tax compliance
tax morality
tax mentality
tax motivation
taxpayer environment
Opis:
Methodology/approach: In a quantitative empirical study, a questionnaire containing a set of 31 questions was used. The analysis of the results was conducted using descriptive statistics. Results: The results indicate that Generation Z's motivation to pay taxes is influenced by factors that come from four platforms of tax compliance. Research limitations/implications: The basic limitation concerns the fact that the study was conducted as a pilot. Therefore, it illustrates and examines a certain fragment of reality, but does not allow us to make inferences about the population. However, it is the basis for further research in this area and shows what direction it will take. Originality/Value: The article evaluates and analyzes factors from the four platforms of tax compliance that have an impact on the tax payment motivation of future taxpayers in Poland. There is a simultaneous examination of several variables derived from each plane of the taxpayer environment.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości; 2021, 45(2); 51-68
1641-4381
2391-677X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przestrzeganie praw podatników przez wybrane urzędy skarbowe i izby skarbowe – obsługa obywateli przez administrację
Compliance with Taxpayers’ Rights by Selected Tax Authorities – Administration’s Services for the Citizens
Autorzy:
Szymańska, Wiesława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/416803.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-02
Wydawca:
Najwyższa Izba Kontroli
Tematy:
tax authorities
taxpayers’ rights
tax bodies
tax controls
tax proceedings
Opis:
Over the recent years, the percentage of decisions overruled by appeal bodies and administrative courts has been decreasing systematically. However, the quality of decisions is still unsatisfactory. The percentage has increased of decisions by the first instance against which taxpayers have appealed. NIK has examined whether tax bodies respect the rights of taxpayers, whether they treat them in a friendly manner, and whether they do not abuse the law and their position of a state authority. The performance of tax bodies has been assessed in the following areas: tax controls, tax proceedings, the quality of decisions, the use of the right to make the decisions immediately implemented, as well as the application of the tax liabilities security procedure. The audit has also examined the performance of duties aimed at conducting business activity in an easier manner, providing effective and friendly services for taxpayers, and information activities.
Źródło:
Kontrola Państwowa; 2015, 60, 1 (360); 98-115
0452-5027
Pojawia się w:
Kontrola Państwowa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The taxpayer’s claim under the tax law relationship of a tax overpayment
Autorzy:
Drozdek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
tax claim
tax overpayment
taxpayer
tax
Opis:
The purpose of the research undertaken in this paper is to analyse the tax claim. It is an institution that has its source in a subjective right. As part of a tax claim, a taxable entity may assert its rights resulting from the obligation-involving tax law relationship of a tax overpayment. The institution of crediting overpayments towards tax arrears and current obligations is a special type of tax claims securing the exercise of the rights of taxable entities under the tax law relationship. The basic research method used for the purposes of the analysis undertaken in this publication is a comprehensive analysis of the normative status of the issues analysed and of selected views of legal commentators and of judicial and administrative decisions.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2021, 33; 27-42
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd wybranych badań nad moralnością podatkową. Wpływ moralności na rozmiary luk podatkowych
Autorzy:
Kędrzyński, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028196.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax gaps
tax morale
value added tax
corporate income tax
personal income tax
tax compliance
methodology
procedural justice
Opis:
It is commonly stated that the behavioral aspect is problematic for economists. Nevertheless, a large strand of the literature on the topic exists, and it is high time we started making use of this fact. Using a simple literature review, the article presents some of the recent psychological discoveries from the fields of social psychology and behavioral economics that can be applied to macroeconomics in the context of estimating and reducing tax gaps (aim 1). Also, some fundamental methodological issues (aim 2a) and ethical distinctions between different meanings of procedural justice are raised (aim 2b).
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2020, 23, 4; 65-80
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PROFILES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Autorzy:
PARENTE, Salvatore Antonello
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital economy;
tax profiles;
google tax;
digital tax;
web tax
Opis:
Computer science and technological developments of the last decades has impacted considerably on the forms and methods of production and circulation of wealth, encouraging the spread of new activities completely dematerialized within a social and economic context characterized by frenetic circulation of knowledge and information available than just a “click” and from a production, distribution and consumption of goods increasingly virtual and intangible. As activities that might acquire economic value, in terms of tax, we wondered if, in order to face emergencies raised by virtual economy, is sufficient to adapt existing fiscal instruments or is necessary, rather, developing new forms of levy, creating a virtual world taxation. Special emphasis hiring then tax profiles of the activities carried out by large multinational companies, digital society, with subsidiaries in several countries, that can produce very high incomes, hardly taxed in the source State or otherwise frequently taxed to a lesser extent than the ordinary tax regime. The Italian legal system has tried to remedy this widespread phenomenon, with timid actions which seek to establish, first, a Google tax, then a digital tax, before arriving to the web tax, recently adopted in two different subsequent versions(before “digital transactions tax” and after “digital services tax”), but characterized byan uncertain future.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2019, 1(21); 55-69
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Autonomy in Shaping Tax Policies: Facts and Myths Based on the Situation in OECD Countries
Autorzy:
Tomkiewicz, Jacek
Postuła, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax competition
tax autonomy of states
tax havens
tax policy
Opis:
Purpose: Capital flows, tax competition, multinational companies and tax havens weakens governments’ ability to lead independent tax policy. This race to the bottom, especially in the case of CIT rate, seems to work. Aim of the text is to show that the governments are not as powerless as it is often claimed. Despite common opinion, nation-states retain a relatively significant autonomy in creating their own fiscal policies, including tax instruments. Size of funds kept in tax havens have not been growing for few years and international cooperation of tax authorities is more and more efficient in dealing with the tax fraud. Methodology: The study uses desk research method for theoretical reasoning to verify the research hypothesis. Moreover, the study seeks answering if the application of EU tax policies determines national tax policy. To that end, the authors utilize time series and cause-effect analysis, as well as quantitative research for the systematization of statistical information and regression analysis for the examination of statistical dependencies. Tax competition or the functioning of tax havens naturally limits the realization of the fundamental functions of fiscal policies, although the taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. Findings: The most important data on public revenues structure in different OECD countries indicate that taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. We also show that impact of FDI on hosting economy is not as positive as it is said to be. There is no relation between FDI and R&D spending and level of wages in hosting country is even affected in the negative way by the FDI inflow. Irrespective of the regulatory details introduced at the EU level – the basic factor affecting jets coordination in the field of cooperation between tax services brings effects both in terms of the current collection of tax liabilities and the creation of regulations that hinder tax avoidance and under statement assessment. Originality/value: The study focuses on an analysis of tax policy. The view that taxation of international corporations is fraught with difficulties finds support in the undeniable reality of tax competition.Moreover, a large and growing share of profits is transferred to low-tax places. The prospects for taxing international companies with positive rates seem unoptimistic. Therefore, it is essential to check how the national economy is affected by the FDI inflow in OECD countries.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(2); 83-97
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Methodology of Tax Records for the Support of Tax Management
Autorzy:
Shaidurova, Natalia
Homokyová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
tax
tax management
optimization
Opis:
Tax policy is associated with the use and application of taxes and their instruments, which serve to influence macroeconomic and microeconomic processes in the economy. We can derive the tax policy from the applied economic policy of the state. The objectives of economic policy are aimed in particular at strengthening the effectiveness of the market mechanism, reducing pension and property inequality, as well as strengthening the internal and external stability of the state. In securing them, the state must take into account many internal, as well as international aspects, focused not only on economic but also on political, social, defenses, ethical and other interests. The individual goals that the state sets by its economic policy can be effectively achieved through goal-oriented policies that form part of economic policy. The state’s social policy, unemployment policy, tax policy, etc. fulfil their role. These policies then have a retroactive effect on the economic policy of the state. The subject or goal of tax policy is the application of tax principles and measures so that taxes serve to promote the economic, social and political goals of the state.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2020, 3, 1; 720--731
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
RYZYKO PODATKOWE ROZLICZEŃ WIRTUALNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE TRANSAKCJI HYIP
Tax risk of internet settlements exemplified by HYIP transaction
Autorzy:
Biernacki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
investment
tax
tax risk
Opis:
Nowadays Internet allows to make settlements in virtual currency, which can be exemplified by HYIP transaction. This abbreviation means High Yield Investment Programs and provides the possibility to invest for short periods with high rate of return. However, achieving income results in the necessity to tax such a gain. Because of the methodology of calculation of Polish taxes, especially income taxes, virtual settlements generate tax risk in three areas: subject, object and formal requirements of the taxation. In conclusion this tax risk may negatively influence the development of such investments in virtual space.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 11-18
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dohody v daňovom prave
Autorzy:
Babčák, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax law
tax contracts
Opis:
The article deals with the problems of contracts concluded in the area of tax law between tax administrators and tax subjects. The background for an examination of this matter is the understanding of tax law as a new, independent branch of law, which is a part of the legal system of Slovak republic. Tax law is also considered as a branch of public law. Furthermore, the author analyses the question of legal nature of contracts concluded by the bodies of public administration with other bodies of public administration, or with legal and natural persons. These contracts are defined as public law contracts or administrative contracts. Based on this knowledge we can define the relationship towards tax law contracts, which we can consider as public law contracts. In the final part of the article, the author deals with the legal nature of the contract between tax administrator and tax subject concerning tax designation and concerning delivering. He points out the problems which could occur in the application practice with legal enforcement of obligations resulting from these contracts.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 123-129
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasady postępowania podatkowego a gwarancje praw podatnika na przykładzie wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych
Principles of Tax Restrictions and Warranties of Tax Rights on the Example of Selected Judgments of Administrative Courts
Autorzy:
Sygut, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
taxes; tax procedure; tax ordinance; tax rules
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of guaranteeing the rights of taxpayers based on tax rules. The objective of the research is to analyze the situation of taxpayers in terms of their use of the rights guaranteed by the procedural rules of tax law. The analysis was made based on the content of selected judgments of administrative courts. The general principles of conduct are the backbone of the whole system, making it easier to understand the meaning of the other specific solutions. In cases of legal uncertainty, conflict of laws or interpretative ambiguity, they indicate the direction of the interpretation of the law. This direction is a translation of legal doubts in a manner consistent with a general principle, which is most strongly associated with a given norm. All exceptions to a general principle must be interpreted strictly or even narrowly. According to the case law of the administrative courts, the procedural guarantees of the taxpayer, which are institutions that provide real action in the life of every citizen, are directly related to procedural law, whose norms permit the realization of material and legal norms. According to the courts controlling the legality of decisions made by the tax authorities, the real and perceived civic rights of the citizen, including the right to a fair and open hearing, are derived from procedural safeguards, their scope, quality and quantity. At the same time, the provisions on tax treatment can be interpreted more flexibly than substantive law, on condition that it does not thereby undermine their guarantee function regarding the legal status of the taxpayer. In the design of general principles, particularly in inquiries under an inquisitorial model, noticeable is the accentuation of the duties incumbent on the bodies conducting the proceedings and the assurances of the party’s rights in these proceedings. Illustratively, they are even referred to as a condensed form of procedural safeguards, and the procedural principle must have specific performance guarantees that determine its practical role in the process.
Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia problematykę gwarancji praw przysługujących podatnikom w oparciu o zasady postępowania podatkowego. Założonym celem badawczym jest analiza sytuacji podatników pod kątem wykorzystywania przez nich praw zagwarantowanych w przepisach proceduralnego prawa podatkowego oraz przepisach Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analizy dokonano na podstawie treści wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych. Zasady ogólne postępowania to kościec całego systemu pozwalający łatwiej zrozumieć sens pozostałych szczegółowych rozwiązań w procedurze podatkowej. W przypadkach wątpliwości prawnych, kolizji przepisów albo niejasności interpretacyjnych wskazują one kierunek wykładni przepisów. Ów kierunek to tłumaczenie wątpliwości prawnych w sposób zgodny z najsilniej związaną z daną normą zasadą ogólną, od której wszelkie wyjątki należy interpretować w sposób ścisły, a niekiedy nawet zawężający. Według orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych podatnicy mają do dyspozycji gwarancje procesowe, którymi są instytucje zapewniające rzeczywiste działanie w życiu każdego obywatela jego praw, i wynikają bezpośrednio z zakresu prawa procesowego. Przepisy proceduralnego prawa podatkowego pozwalają realizować normy materialno-prawne. Według sądów kontrolujących legalność rozstrzygnięć podejmowanych przez organy podatkowe, realny i odczuwalny przez obywatela zakres praw obywatelskich, w tym prawa do sprawiedliwego i jawnego rozpatrzenia sprawy, jest pochodną gwarancji procesowych, ich zakresu, jakości i ilości. Jednocześnie przepisy o postępowaniu podatkowym można interpretować w sposób bardziej elastyczny niż przepisy prawa materialnego pod tym tylko warunkiem, że nie narusza się w ten sposób ich funkcji gwarancyjnej w zakresie sytuacji prawnej podatnika. W konstrukcji zasad ogólnych, szczególnie w postępowaniach o modelu inkwizycyjnym, zauważalne jest akcentowanie obowiązków, jakie spoczywają na organach prowadzących postępowanie oraz gwarancji uprawnień strony w tym postępowaniu. Obrazowo określa się nawet, iż stanowią one skondensowaną formę gwarancji procesowych, a zasada procesowa musi posiadać określone gwarancje realizacji, które wyznaczają jej praktyczną rolę w procesie.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 127-153
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of fairness as a criterion for the assessment of the personal income tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewkowicz-Grzegorczyk, Katarzyna Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax exemption
tax fairness
Opis:
Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the essence of tax justice in relation to the personal income tax in Poland. Research method – The realisation of the aim required using the method of descriptive and compa-rative analysis to assess the fairness of charging the personal income tax.Results – The results of the empirical study on the personal tax structure point to the progressive tax as the one which better fulfils the concept of tax justice. The common acceptance of the tax progression confirms the deeply rooted sense of vertical equity in the Polish society. According to this, higher taxes should be paid by the rich, while the less wealthy should be charged with lower taxes. Unfortunately, the structure of the personal income tax in Poland does not reflect this. On the basis of the evolution of the PIT tax structure, it is possible to determine flattening of the progression due to the introduction of the two-stage tax scale. What is more, one may experience frequent ethical doubts connected with tax exemptions, and especially with the rules of granting them.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Author’s own evaluation of the personal income tax in terms of tax fairness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 4(106); 83-96
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES
Autorzy:
Burzec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax preferences
comparative tax law
Opis:
Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 30, 3; 89-105
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The tax-free amount as an instrument for implementing the tax fairness principle
Autorzy:
Pomorska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1986837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax free amount
tax fairness
Opis:
This paper is devoted to analysis and evaluation of recent changes that have taken place in the structure of Polish personal income tax, with particular emphasis on tax-free amount. The main effect of these changes is the increase of the tax-free minimum in comparison to the level of subsistence minimum as well as the statutory obligation of the Minister of Finance to verify both these volumes. The authoress positively assesses the introduced changes, noting that they should be treated as an introduction to the discussion on a new model of taxation of natural persons in Poland.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 1; 193-215
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luka w podatku od towarów i usług oraz sposoby jej ograniczania
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Value Added Tax (VAT), Tax gap, Tax fraud
Opis:
The study focuses on the concept and components of the tax gap. In addition, the article presents an estimate of the gap in the value added tax in the European Union for the years 2000-2013. With regard to the Poland, it also identifies the causes of the gap occurrence and actions aimed at reducing its size.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2017, 1; 45-60
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF‑T): An IT Tool for Tax System Tightening
Autorzy:
Macudziński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
law
tax law
tax system
tax system tightening
tax audit
information technology
Opis:
This publication presents the current legal status in the area of using one of many IT tools in the tax system, namely the Single Audit File (SAF‑T).It contains historical conditions of SAF‑T introduction and some methods of tax evasion which should be eliminated with the help of this IT tool.The SAF‑T standards, technical requirements, characteristics and, consequently, the key role that it currently plays in the Polish tax system, have been assessed in detail.The penal and fiscal liability for non‑compliance with reporting obligations regarding this form of tax reporting has not been omitted.
Źródło:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 107-120
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza i ocena regulacji uszczelniających system opodatkowania dochodów przedsiębiorców w Polsce w latach 2015–2019
Analysis and assessment of the regulations aiming at sealing the system of taxing entrepreneurs’ income in Poland in 2015–2019
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Szymański, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2897639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
tax gap
sealing the tax system
Opis:
The article looks at the legal solutions adopted in 2015–2019 in Poland in order to tighten the tax system. In the field of income taxes, these were anti-abusive regulations, securing the tax system in a general way, as well as targeting specific tax avoidance schemes. The first part of the article discusses the factors determining fiscal efficiency which is the main criterion adopted in the study. In the next part the most important tax solutions sealing the system are presented. In the third part an attempt was made, using a number of indicators, to answer the question whether the observed increase in tax revenues from corporate income taxes can be attributed to the anti-abusive measures which were taken. Based on the conducted research, it has been shown that the decreasing tax gap is the result of the improvement in tax collection effectiveness in connection with the adopted sealing measures.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 4(64); 69-94
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reforms to the Israeli income tax
Autorzy:
Tzarfati, Beny
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
income tax
reforms
tax base
tax rate
Israel
Income Tax Ordinance
Opis:
Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax—perceived as progressive tax—is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 2; 7-22
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gloss to the Supreme Court’s decision of 15 June 2022, II CSKP 509/22
Autorzy:
Rzewuski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-15
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Tax
tax law
system of taxation
real estate acquisition tax
real estate transfer tax
tax administration
Opis:
This paper is an attempt at a polemic with the position of the Supreme Court expressed in the cassation case II CSKP 509/22. The subject matter discussed in the paper is of great importance, particularly from a practical point of view, and concerns the issue of the (im)possibility of establishing the date of a will in a situation where doubts arise as to the relation of this will to another will which is dated. The considerations take into account not only the achievements of Polish doctrine, but also - for the sake of comparison and in order to find the best possible model for proceedings in this type of case - the solutions functioning in foreign legal systems (mainly German and French).
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 51, 4; 237-248
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daňová exekúcia u podnikateľov – daňových dlžníkov
Autorzy:
Moskvičová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax debtors
tax execution
Opis:
Tax execution is an important tax-law institution, which was established in Slovakia effective 1.September 1999. It is necessary to understand it as a part of tax execution pursuance, which became a part of the tax-law institution from the above mentioned date, before this date this particular law was not known. This institution was replaced then invoked the enforcement of tax underpayments. It is necessary to understand tax execution as an enforced dispensation, which is used for enforcement in order to collect tax underpayments or reduce tax underpayments, fulfilment of financial payments as imposed by this law and also compensation to cover the cost of executional expense as required by this law. In this article the author explains more methods of practising tax execution, which is imposed against tax debtors – entrepreneurial subjects. These methods can be found in statute number 511/1992 code book concerning tax and payments and also changes in regional financial institutions which are found in the most recent regulations.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 69-74
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Subjekty daňového konania v Slovenskej republike
Autorzy:
Štrkolec, Miroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax administrator
tax subject
Opis:
The article deals about subjects of tax proceedings in Slovak republic. Tax procedings is actually governed by the Act No. 511/1992 Coll. on tax and fees administration, which also rules organizition of tax administration and personally aspects of tax proceedings. There are two main subjects of tax proceedings – tax administrators and tax subjects. Tax administrators represents interests of state and local administration and have many instruments how to reach the purpose of tax proceedings, which is to levy a tax from taxpayers and to fill up the public budgets. On the other side, tax subjects are in the position of subordination, and have more duties than rights, what is usually in the sfere of public law. Article deals also about the position of ,,third persons“ in tax proceedings whith the accent on their place (rights and duties) in this legal process.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 205-216
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nowa Ordynacja podatkowa – zarys oceny okiem praktyka
The new tax ordinance – outline assessment by practice
Autorzy:
Sarna, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-11-21
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Centrum Analiz i Studiów Podatkowych
Tematy:
Ordynacja podatkowa
podatki
tax code
tax ordinance
tax
Opis:
Artykuł poświęcony jest ocenie niektórych nowych oraz istotnie zmodyfikowanych instytucji, zawartych w projekcie ustawy Ordynacja podatkowa. Przedstawiony projekt wprowadza bowiem do ogólnego prawa podatkowego szereg instytucji dotychczas w nim nieistniejących (np. niewładcze formy załatwiania spraw), kodyfikuje ogólne zasady prawa podatkowego, a także w sposób istotny modyfikuje niektóre z obecnie obowiązujących przepisów (np. przedawnienie, korygowanie deklaracji). Celem publikacji jest przybliżenie tych instytucji oraz wskazanie ewentualnych niezbędnych, zdaniem autorki, zmian proponowanych przepisów.
This article deals with the evaluation of some of the new and significantly modified concepts included in the Tax Ordinance bill. The proposed bill introduces a number of previously non-existent regulations (e.g. non-executive forms of settlement) into the general tax law, it codifies the general principles of the tax law, and substantially modifies some of the existing regulations (e.g. statutes of limitation, correction of declarations). The purpose of the publication is to clarify these regulations and to indicate possible changes, which the author finds essential, to the proposed legislation.
Źródło:
Analizy i Studia CASP; 2017, 4, 2; 20-31
2451-0475
Pojawia się w:
Analizy i Studia CASP
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SHARED STATE TAXES AND TAX POLICY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH TAX MORALE
Autorzy:
Sipos, Ágnes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
tax morale
legal morale
tax regime
tax system
Opis:
Based on our assumption, tax morale significantly depends on a country’s legal, historical, social and cultural background and circumstances. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the legal dimension of the tax morale – including the interconnection of law, ethics and moral. Furthermore, we analyze the facts breaching tax liabilities under the scope of the criminal law and the actions violating the tax morale but not qualified as infringement of the criminal law. In the second part of the paper, we provide empirical evidence on which factors (e.g. personal characteristics, commitment for paying local taxes, knowledge about the distribution of paid taxes between central and local authorities, etc.) determine significantly the individual level of tax morale. The paper discusses these complex connections either from the viewpoint of law or economics in order to find out whether it is possible to develop the tax morale of individuals, or can the legislator adequately rule the different forms of tax evasion.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2015, 10, 3; 65-88
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mandatory Electronic Communication with a Tax Administrator
Autorzy:
Vavříková, Martina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-02-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
Tax law
tax procedure
digitalization
electronic tax returns
Opis:
The purpose of this text is to present an overview of the evolution of digital communication in tax law and highlight major changes which recently occurred in the process of digitalization regarding the communication between a tax administrator and taxpayers when submitting a tax document. The first part of the article will point out leading elements of digital submissions and provide theoretical and functional perspective on characteristics of electronic communication. The second part of the text aspires to analyse sanctions resulting from breaching rules regarding the mandatory electronic submission of tax documents. This article will then discuss the varieties of sanctions as an outcome of enforcing the tax procedural rules regarding the mandatory electronic document submission.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 21, 1; 80-93
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena funkcjonowania podatków od dochodów osób fizycznych oraz osób prawnych w Polsce
Personal and corporate income taxes in Poland
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11364351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
income tax
personal income tax
corporate income tax
Opis:
The article looks at the selected issues related to personal income tax and corporate income tax in Poland. The author discusses the legal framework of taxes and presents empirical data analysis. First, he examines whether there is a correlation between the legislative changes to income taxes and the state budget revenues. Next, he discusses regulations of income taxes which are of particular importance for the entrepreneurial activities. Finally, the efficiency of the personal income tax redistribution is asserted.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2018, 2(54); 11-38
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oszustwo podatkowe na przykładzie wystawienia fikcyjnych faktur VAT
Tax Fraud on the Example of Issuing Fictitious VAT Invoices
Autorzy:
Kobylski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/36094726.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax
taxpayer
tax obligation
tax fraud
invoices
abuse
Opis:
The purpose of this article. In the literature, you can find quite extensive studies on value added tax, while the issue of tax fraud on the example of issuing fictitious VAT invoices from the perspective of the effect of Art. 56 § 1 of the Act of September 10, 1999 – Fiscal Penal Code has been treated quite fragmentarily. The main research objective of this study is to characterize the impact of the above-mentioned legal regulation in determining the scope of its impact on the tax law system. The work will prove that it is actually unjustified to maintain the current structure of the model of the right to deduct this tax. In connection with the above, the aim of the work will be to assess the directions of changes in the analyzed institution against the background of the applicable legal provisions. Methodology. It was created on the basis of an analysis of the content of legal acts and documents as well as studies of the subject literature. The result of the research. The taxpayer should not be held responsible for unlawful actions of third parties with regard to the fulfillment of the tax obligation in the tax on goods and services. Based on the considerations, it can be concluded that as long as the current structure of the model of the right to deduct tax on goods and services is maintained, this issue will still remain open.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2022, 2 (Numer Specjalny); 7-18
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Regulation of Non-Judicial Methods of Consideration and Resolution of Tax Disputes: Tax Ombudsman, Tax Arbitration and Mediation in Tax DisputesTaxation of Digital Companies: Experience of Russia and Other Countries
Autorzy:
Murat, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
taxes
tax dispute
arbitration
tax ombudsman
taxpayer
mediation
tax authority
tax appeal commission
Opis:
Probably, as in any state, in the sphere of legal regulation of relations between business and the state, the public interests of the state are always above the private interests of business. Any democratic and legal state, including Kazakhstan, is based on the principles of equality of all before the law and the court, as well as the rule of law. The tax legislation of Kazakhstan does not provide for a legal mechanism for the consideration of tax disputes arising between a taxpayer and an authorized state body by any non-judicial organizations. All tax disputes are subject to consideration on complaints of the taxpayer to the higher authorized tax authority and only after receiving the decision of the higher state body, this dispute can be referred to the court. This paper deals with problematic issues of tax law related to the attribution of all tax disputes to consideration exclusively by the higher authorized tax authority and later by the court, which always guard the interests of the state, which in practice causes distrust of businessmen and investors to the state. In this regard, this paper examines out-of-court methods of resolving tax disputes, international experience in resolving tax disputes by out-of-court organizations.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 129-147
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MIEJSCE ZRYCZAŁTOWANEGO PODATKU DOCHODOWEGO OD PRZYCHODÓW OSÓB DUCHOWNYCH W POLSKIM SYSTEMIE PODATKOWYM – UJECIE TEORETYCZNE
Autorzy:
Szewczyk–Jarocka, Mariola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/446910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Mazowiecka Uczelnia Publiczna w Płocku
Tematy:
polish tax system
tax
income tax
flat-rate income tax from clergymen
Opis:
Polish tax system is very extensive. It comprises various taxes and fees, which support the state budget and local government units.One of flat-rate income taxes from selected incomes earned by individuals is a flat-rate income tax from clergymen. A taxpayer here is a parish-priest or a vicar, who stated to perform temporary or permanent pastoral function, a clergyman managing a church unit having independent administration (eg. a vicarage), as well as a clergyman of other religious denominations performing a comparable function.The purpose of this article is to present in what way a church institution settles income tax. The article consists a theoretical analysis of the reviewed problem and may be a premise for a more detailed examination of this subject.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne; 2014, 19
1644-888X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax administration and risk management in the digital age
Autorzy:
Lipniewicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/95157.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax administration
tax risk management
e-commerce
tax jurisdiction
Opis:
Tax administrations have to deal with a large number of risks. These may concern the risk of non-compliance, including risk of tax fraud. The main purpose of this paper is to show how the Internet business models effect on tax administration in the context of risk management. The research problem analysed in the article concerns the adequacy of analytical and control tools used today by tax administration of OECD member countries to counter the phenomenon of tax avoidance using computer networks in business activity. The purpose of research problem framed this way is to verify whether reducing the negative effects of tax avoidance in connection with the digital economy development and ‘dematerialisation’ of many aspects of business activity requires nothing more than making organizational changes in tax administration operations, or whether it is necessary to introduce substantial changes in tax law to adjust legal standards to the requirements of the ‘new economy’. The research integrates a variety of theoretical frameworks and relates to legislation governing tax procedure in OECD member countries, with references made to actions taken by Polish tax authorities. To achieve the goals set, the methods of analysis and criticism of specialist literature and documents, in particular reports published by the OECD, the EU and the Polish Ministry of Finance, will be primarily used.
Źródło:
Information Systems in Management; 2017, 6, 1; 26-37
2084-5537
2544-1728
Pojawia się w:
Information Systems in Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ewolucja rozwiązań prawych w sferze podatku przemysłowego jako element polityki podatkowej państwa polskiego w okresie międzywojennym
The Evolution of Legal Solutions in the Field of Industrial Tax as Element of Tax Policy of the Polish State During Interwar Period
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519001.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
tax policy
industrial tax
industrial certificate sales tax
enterprise
Opis:
Industrial tax, based on archaic solutions, has aroused opposition since the beginning of its operating, especially in the context of the introduction of turnover tax which was given the features of consumption tax, and the maintained industrial certificates were given the features of revenue tax. It should also be remembered that the industrial tax acts were extremely complicated in their content, the legislator in one act tried to regulate as many economic issues as it was possible. Adopted solutions concerning industrial tax allowed the legislator to obtain permanent incomings to the state budget, the size of which, however, varied depending on the period and the social and economic situation, on average constituted 10% of the total revenues of the state budget. Attempts to rationalize the system of collecting industrial tax and breaking with the principle of unevenness of this tax, therein a mechanical combination of income tax and turnover tax, were made by the Act of 25 April 1938 on turnover tax. The tax reform was the result of changes in the tax system long awaited by entrepreneurs, mainly in the area of industrial tax. Unfortunately, due to the start of the war, the regulations did not enter into force.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 3(59); 95-109
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Theoretical Models of Taxation of Holding Companies in Member States of the European Union
Autorzy:
Gajewski, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/942491.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
corporate tax
holding companies
european tax law
tax optimalization
Opis:
Currently, a holding company is one of the most popular form of organisation in the globalized Europe. The tax situation of such entities is a significant condition determining cross-border operations. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyse the theories of taxation of holding companies conducting business activity on the territory of the EU. Analysis shows how great a variety of models (theories) of taxation, which are available in various EU Member States, a holding company may use. Individual tax theories are characterised by particular constructions that have both advantages and disadvantages.
Źródło:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology; 2017, 8, 15; 69-85
2081-9633
Pojawia się w:
Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The influence of the cadastre modernization on the real estate tax base assessment
Autorzy:
Benduch, P.
Pęska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101642.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
cadastre
modernization
real estate tax
forestry tax
agricultural tax
Opis:
The modernization of the cadastre is such a complicated and complex process that may cause many significant results. Cadastral parcel surface areas changes and changes in land use are the most important of them. These factors have also a direct influence on the real estate tax base assessment. Using materials obtained from geodetic and cartographic documentation centres, the analysis concerning the considered problem has been performed. The basic facts connected with the cadastre modernization and legal rules concerning the real estate, agricultural and forestry tax bases determination have been analysed too. It has been proved, that changes in spatial data which have arisen during the modernization of the cadastre, especially in the scope of land use, may have an essential significance for taxpayer. Performed analysis denote, that comprehensive cadastre modernization from proper Municipal and Communal Offices' point of view which are real estate tax collectors, is financially profitable enterprise.
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2016, III/1; 787-800
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens
Autorzy:
Burandt, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax havens
offshore companies
taxes
tax law
tax avoidance
Opis:
The present study is concerned with chosen methods employed in a legal and illegal way by the taxpayers in order to reduce their tax burdens by the use of tax havens. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the phenomenon of tax competition, in particular, ways of using it for the purpose of tax optimisation. The essence of a tax haven introduced at the beginning serves as an introduction to the remaining content and lets one understand the outline of the discussed phenomenon. The presented methods cannot be considered a legal advice, but only an objective characteristic.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 78-93
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transfer Pricing as an Institution Supporting the Anti-Optimization Clause in Counteracting Tax Avoidance
Autorzy:
Wach, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax avoidance
harmful tax competition
tax evasion transfer pricing
Opis:
The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between transfer pricing regulations and the anti-tax avoidance clause. The paper discusses the axiology of legal regulations aimed at counteracting tax avoidance practices and the use of non-market prices in relations between related entities. An attempt was made to present the concept of the phenomenon of harmful tax competition, also the essence of tax avoidance, and to contrast this concept with the phenomenon of tax evasion. The phenomenon of tax optimization was also indicated. The relationship between the provisions of the general anti-optimization clause and transfer prices that determine the appropriate state of prices between related entities within the meaning of tax law was also subjected to a detailed analysis.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 110-125
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Real Estate Acquisition Tax versus Real Estate Transfer Tax in the Czech Republic. Past or Future?
Autorzy:
Hrubá Smržová, Petra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2129145.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-09
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Tax
Tax law
Real Estate Acquisition Tax
Real Estate Transfer Tax
Tax Administation
System of Taxation
Opis:
The real estate acquisition tax as a property transfer tax was part of the system of taxation of the Czech Republic until 25 September 2020.1 It was a traditional historical tax forming a complementary element of the system of taxation. Since 1993, it was part of the system of taxation as a real estate transfer tax. As of 1 January 2014, due to the recodification of private law, extensive tax reform came into effect, the scope of which was unprecedented since the 1990s. As a result, a new tax was introduced by the Statutory Measure of the Senate No. 340/2013 Coll., namely the real estate acquisition tax, which replaced the former real estate transfer tax. The new tax regulation preserved the taxation of real estate transfers upon payment in the form of the acquisition of immovable property, reflecting the changes brought about by the recodification of private law and by the new Business Corporations Act. It redefined the taxpayer entity, reduced the administrative complexity of tax administration, including cases of mandatory submission of expert reports for the purpose of determining the tax base, and updated the cases of exemption from the real estate acquisition tax.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 50, 3; 145-161
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ruling as a form of settlement of an individual tax case: Considerations exemplified by tax overpayment
Autorzy:
Drozdek, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1590759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
ruling
tax proceedings
tax overpayment
Opis:
The ruling on the application of tax overpayment is a formal act which does not prejudge the existence of tax arrears, but which provides information on the way the payment is credited. The credit is legally binding. Therefore, the ruling on the credit only confirms that it has been effected. The amount of the tax liability or arrears shall not be verified in the credit decision. The amounts shall be fixed or determined in accordance with their respective procedures. The ruling is a formal condition for the overpaid tax to be credited against outstanding and current tax liabilities. The ruling has legal effects in the sense that as for the date of crediting the overpayment, tax arrears no longer exist.
Źródło:
Studia Administracyjne; 2020, 12; 5-16
2080-5209
2353-284X
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the handling of church tax under income tax law in Germany
Autorzy:
Blankenberg, Mike
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax
church tax
law
Germany
Opis:
Current demographic conditions and foreseeable future developments are forcing Germany’s two major Christian churches to develop innovative strategies to recruit members or retain them over the long term. Already today, less than 50 percent of 6- to 18-year-olds are Protestant or Catholic. According to forecasts, this figure will halve by 2060. The aim of this paper is to show that the German system of church tax is being applied properly from a fiscal point of view, but should be re-evaluated in light of demographic and societal challenges.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 2(41); 123-131
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekspertyza na temat przedstawionego przez Prezydenta RP projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa w zakresie propozycji ujęcia art. 2a
Expert opinion on the Presidential bill amending the Tax Ordinance Act with regard to the proposed wording of Article 2a (Sejm Paper No. 3018) (BAS-391/15A)
Autorzy:
Gomułowicz, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223672.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Tax Ordinance Act
Tax
bill
Opis:
The opinion recommends that the “principle of principles” – in dubio pro tributario principle – should not be incorporated into the Tax Ordinance Act, because it changes the order of constitutional values. Instead, the author of the opinion proposes that Article 217 of the Constitution be amended by adding the requirement for any imposition of tax obligations to be made with respect for the economic freedom and rights. From the analysis it follows that the proposed amendment may result in lower standards of the legislative process and undermine the principles of proper tax legislation, as legislative deficiencies are to be resolved in favour of the taxpayer.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 39-66
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia na temat przedstawionego przez Prezydenta RP projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy – Ordynacja podatkowa oraz niektórych innych ustaw
Opinion on the Presidential bill amending the Tax Ordinance Act and some other acts (Sejm Paper No. 3018) (BAS-391/15A(2))
Autorzy:
Dębowska-Romanowska, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Tax Ordinance Act
Tax
bill
Opis:
The opinion indicates that from the point of view of the Polish constitution, there are no “irremovable doubts about the content of tax law” as proposed in the bill, because in such a situation the occurrence of tax obligation and, in particular, tax liability, is out of the question. This results from the fact that Article 217 of the Constitution establishes a very high requirements for a qualified specificity of tax bills. The author proposes a different method to formulate the wording of Article 2a of the Tax Ordinance Act, which assumes that there is no tax obligation nor tax liability beyond that which follows directly from the tax law.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 2(46); 81-85
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tightening tax policy and changes to tax efficiency on the example of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Michał J.
Nesterak, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
tax management
tax efficiency
tax policy
tightening tax policy
effective tax rate
ETR
current effective tax rate
CERT
Warsaw Stock Exchange
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of changes in the tax efficiency of companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. After 2017, some changes to the tax law aimed at tightening the regulations on an unprecedented scale were introduced. The research conducted showed that since 2018 there has been a decrease in tax efficiency measured with effective tax rate (ETR) and current effective tax rate (CETR). On average, in 2018–2019, the efficiency measured with CETR dropped by 17.7%, the median by 14.8% compared to the previous years. In 2018 and 2019, the value of the CETR was the highest in the entire analyzed period, i.e. from 2012 to 2019. At the same time, the propensity of companies to create deferred tax assets is declining, and the effective tax rate is also growing. The changes mainly concern companies with average tax efficiency, large entities forming capital groups, and companies implementing capital investments. The article presents a discussion on the observed trends and formulates directions for further research.
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2022, 23, 2; 153--170
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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