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Tytuł:
Comparison of different vehicles driyen by alternative fuels and hybrid driveline focusing on emission, efficiency and economy
Autorzy:
Pezsa, N.
Szabó, B.
Trencseni, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245618.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles
alternative fuels
payback time
Opis:
Air pollution is becoming an important issue in big towns, inparticular in city centres, where the density of traffic is high. Both, passenger cars and commercial vehicles are responsible for air quality. In the last decades more and more transportation companies changed their conventional vehicles into any kind of alternative vehicles. The aim of this paper is to investigate the economic and environmental effects of introducing alternative fuels and power trains in cargo vans. All of the simulated vehicles were equipped with internal combustion engines, but they are operating with different fuels. Gasoline, methane, ethanol and hydrogen fuels are used in these engine models. Conventional and hybrid powertrains are compared too. Only the gasoline fuelled engine is simulated with hybrid driveline besides the conventional ones. Both micro- and full-hybrid vehicles are modelled. Instead of dynamical analysis we focused on efficiency and emission therefore tests drive cycles were simulated. There were cycles defined by standards, like NEDC drive cycle. An individual cycle was recorded on a given route at different times of the day; the vehicle was driven along the planned path and the speed profile was recorded. As a result we could compare the different vehicles from the point of view of emission, fuel consumption and efficiency. In order to validate the simulation results laboratorial measurements were carried out. We also aimed at developing a business model capable ofanalysing the economical effects of alternative fuel and powertrain use. Generally it can be stated that the application of any alternative technology means additional costs (investment) at the beginning for the user. The investment is just worth the money if lower operational costs can be achieved. Achieved savings were calculated with our model and a sensitivity analysis was also performed.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2009, 16, 3; 301-309
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological and organisational challenges for e-mobility
Autorzy:
Stańczyk, Tomasz Lech
Hyb, Lech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1363315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
electric vehicles
hybrid vehicles
e-mobility
electric drive
Opis:
With the rapid growth of schemes and initiatives to promote e-mobility and numerous measures taken to ensure its quick and effective implementation, there is a wide range of technological and non-technological problems, especially organisational, economic, legal and social in nature, that have to be handled by national and local governments all over the world. This article addresses some of the technological and organisational challenges for electromobility. The key technology-related issues to be coped with are the need for longer ranges of electric vehicles (EVs), shorter charging times and smart power grids (because of a higher demand for electrical energy). Another important problem to be solved urgently is the high battery weight, affecting the vehicle dynamics. Because of the excessive weight of the battery pack, there is a risk of its displacement during a crash, which may jeopardize the safety on the road. The next big concern, also associated with safety, is protection against electrical and fire hazards in the event of a collision. The most important of all the organisational challenges related to EVs is the necessity to create networks of charging stations. Their insufficient number and unsatisfactory distribution are strong barriers hampering the development of e-mobility. The organisational measures also include privileges such as access to bus lanes, already offered in some countries. Finally, there is the need to urgently train a large number of electricians to test and maintain EVs, the need to create a recycling system for used EV batteries, and the need to deal with the organisational aspects of the development of smart power grids.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 84, 2; 57-70
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The importance of hybrid vehicles in urban traffic in terms of environmental impact
Autorzy:
Šarkan, Branislav
Gnap, Jozef
Kiktová, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263223.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles
emission
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
Opis:
Many large cities in Europe are currently trying to reduce the amount of harmful substances for the residents. Road transport is also an important source of air pollution. One way to reduce pollutant production is to operate more environmentally friendly vehicles. The paper analyses data obtained during practical tests of a hybrid vehicle in urban traffic. The individual components of the exhaust gases are calculated in g/km and they are compared with the values for conventional vehicle propulsion. The data was obtained through a commercially available exhaust gas analyzer and a calculated amount of emissions produced from available data from the engine control unit. The results shown that using of this type of propulsion has its importance in cities with increased air pollution. During urban operation, the hybrid-powered vehicle was powered by an electric engine up to 67.70% (75.40% of the time). As a result of operating such a vehicle in the city, emissions of CO2, HC and NOx are significantly lower.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2019, 85, 3; 115-122
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optoelectronic system for controlling an alternating current motor. Electrical and electronic design
Autorzy:
Syroka, Zenon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2133936.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital control
motor controller
electric vehicles
hybrid vehicles
microcontroller
Opis:
A control system for a three-phase induction motor was designed with the use of optoelectronic components and methods. Motor speed was controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. This solution ensures a wide range of rotational speeds, constant torque and effective start-up of an induction motor. The designed motor is supplied with direct current converted to three-phase alternating current. The adopted solution relies on renewable sources of energy to produce DC power. The designed electric motor is controlled by changing supply voltage frequency. Input voltage with the desired waveform is generated by the motor’s electronic system that relies on two microcontrollers. The presented solution features a user interface.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2022, 25(1); 59--75
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Battery Supercharging System in Electrical Vehicles Using Photovoltaic Panels
Autorzy:
Syroka, Zenon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2069740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital control
motor controller
electric vehicles
hybrid vehicles
microcontroller
Opis:
In this project, a system was designed there was designed a system for charging batteries in electric vehicles using photovoltaic panels. Low cost of operation, cheap reliable construction and simple user interface were among the main criterias taken into account. Each energy source was carefully selected and, modules were used so that they could in the way to power the microcontroller and charge the energy storage source. This article is a part of a project related to the design of digital control devices with electric drives carried out at the UWM.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2021, 24(1); 27--38
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of external environmental factors on range estimation of autonomous hybrid vehicles
Autorzy:
Zöldy, Máté
Zsombók, Imre
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/88443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles
electric driving
samochód hybrydowy
jazda elektryczna
Opis:
During our research, we focus on a less researched area in the development of autonomous vehicles. Automotive industry is turning more and more from conventional, internal combustion engine equipped vehicles to the electric cars. Today, electric driving is mostly limited to urban traffic, this is the area where range and refueling limits can be a real alternative. However, it is important to think of those who intend to use vehicle in longer distances, and hybrid technology can provide them a modern, environmentally conscious way of transport. In this article, we describe the method of creating the fuel consumption influencing factors matrix, which is the starting point of our research. We studied relevant researches and based on refueling studies we created the matrix. Based on results of real tests, we determined the factor mix that are the basis of our fuel consumption prediction model. These results will be inputs of planning routes of autonomous vehicles with optimized refueling and fuel consumption.
Źródło:
System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment; 2019, 1, 1; 472-480
2657-5450
Pojawia się w:
System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current motor. Part 2: Software
Autorzy:
Syroka, Zenon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203613.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital control
motor controller
electric and hybrid vehicles
microcontroller
Opis:
The software for an optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current (DC) motor is presented in Part 2 of the article. The structure of the designed control system was described in Part 1. The developed system processes data received from an infrared transmitter. The project was upgraded in successive stages of development, and it ultimately evolved into a small computer with a motor controller. The designed system automatically adjusts the motor’s rotation and speed. The user is tasked only with conveying operational commands. The entire system is based on a single microcontroller. The designed optoelectronic system receives user commands (the program can be modified to support free-space optical communication networks conforming to all communication standards). The system activates the motor, counts the number of rotations and adjusts the motor’s position.The designed system operates on the following principle: the user sends commands to the motor via a remote control with an infrared diode. The keys on the remote control have been programmed with different commands. The transmitted data are processed by the system which activates the motor and sets the desired motor speed. The task is completed, and the system is ready to process the next command. If the number of rotations differs from the preset value, the motor’s position is adjusted. If the physical position of the rotor axis is altered, the system corrects the offset to the last programmed position. The designed system can be easily adapted to various types of motors and IR controllers.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2023, 26(1); 17--31
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High voltage batteries diagnostic
Autorzy:
Prajwowski, K.
Mozga, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242519.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles diagnostics
high voltage battery
HV battery test
Opis:
Hybrid vehicles history begins between XIX and XX century because then has been constructed first hybrid vehicle project. The first men who produced electric propulsion mounted in front hubs connected with generator powered by spark ignition engine was Ferdynand Porsche. Vehicle was called Lohner – Porsche Electromobile. The first en masse produced hybrid vehicle was the first generation Toyota Prius. These model premiere was in 1996, and production started one year later. Vehicle was equipped in 1,5 dcm 58 hp spark ignition engine with added electric propulsion generated 40 mechanical hp. There has been mounting 72 hp spark ignition engine and 44 hp electric generator since 2000. Fuel consumption of these model was 5 liter on 100 km. Beginning XXI century 95% hybrid vehicles were Toyota Prius. The biggest competitor of Toyota Prius was Honda Insight. Lexus and Mercedes started producing hybrid vehicles few years later. The most popular brands selling hybrid vehicles are Toyota and Lexus – Toyota Motor Corporation. Article describes high voltage battery example diagnostic possibilities in a hybrid or electric vehicle. Constructing vehicle models using two propulsion systems (spark ignition engine and electric generator) cause development and increase control system devices. The measurements has been made by using various diagnostic devices for example: diagnostic scanner mega macs 66, high voltage battery tester. Reading faults code is not enough so it is necessary to use data list what describes this article.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 355-360
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current motor. Part 1: Electrical and electronic design
Autorzy:
Syroka, Zenon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital control
motor controller
electric and hybrid vehicles
microcontroller
Opis:
An optoelectronic system for controlling a direct current (DC) motor is presented in Part 1 of the article. The software for the designed motor is described in Part 2. A system for processing data from an infrared transmitter was built. The project was upgraded in successive stages of development, and it ultimately evolved into a small computer with a motor controller. The designed system automatically adjusts the motor’s rotation and speed. The user is tasked only with conveying operational commands. The entire system is based on a single microcontroller. The designed optoelectronic system receives user commands (the program can be modified to support free-space optical communication networks conforming to all communication standards). The system activates the motor, counts the number of rotations and adjusts the motor’s position.The designed system operates on the following principle: the user sends commands to the motor via a remote control with an infrared diode. The keys on the remote control have been programmed with different commands. The transmitted data are processed by the system which activates the motor and sets the desired motor speed. The task is completed, and the system is ready to process the next command. If the number of rotations differs from the preset value, the motor’s position is adjusted. If the physical position of the rotor axis is altered, the system corrects the offset to the last programmed position. The designed system can be easily adapted to various types of motors and IR controllers.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2023, 26(1); 5--15
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Progress in the construction of passenger cars as a result of CO2 emission limitation
Autorzy:
Juda, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244916.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
hybrid electric vehicles
electric vehicles
battery
capacity
Opis:
Global warming is a scientifically proven fact. Much of the temperature rise on the surface of the globe has been caused by human activity. That is why several years' efforts are aimed at reducing of CO2 emissions, related to the human activities. Major sources of CO2 emissions include electricity production from fossil fuels, transport sector and intensive agriculture. Cutting down forests also contributes climate changes. In the field of transport, decisions are made at the level of the European Commission, and also by the wider audiences of introducing limits for CO2 emissions entire fleet of new passenger cars for year 2015, 2021 and later. The actions taken by car manufacturers are diverse. Cheaper and simpler solutions are focused on the concept of micro-hybrid based on a system of 48 V. More advanced solutions are a wide range of hybrid vehicles, including PHEV, and pure electric vehicles. The use of lighter materials, improved aerodynamics and rolling resistance, more efficient internal combustion engines and gearboxes also have an impact on energy demand and, consequently, CO2 emissions. An important problem to solve in many countries is the dissemination of renewable energy sources rather than fossil fuels. This article presents an outline of the issues related to eco-friendly solutions, including requirements for batteries intended for this type of vehicles. It also presents an overview of European standards in this area and progress in advanced energy sources.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 99-106
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy flow analysis based on a simulated drive of a hybrid locomotive powered by fuel cells
Autorzy:
Pielecha, Ireneusz
Dimitrov, Radostin
Mihaylov, Veselin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32101666.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-29
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
Tematy:
rail vehicles
energy flow
hybrid vehicles
fuel cell simulation
high voltage battery
Opis:
Implementation of hybrid drives in rail vehicles is a solution aimed at limiting the negative environmental impact of transport. The use of fuel cell systems is a contemporary trend in the development of locomotives. The paper presents an energy flow analysis in a hybrid locomotive powered using fuel cells. The parallel hybrid drive system consisted of fuel cells, batteries and an electric motor. The simulations and analyzes were performed with the use of AVL Cruise M software. A simulated route, with a length of approximately 300 km, was used as basis for the analysis, taking into account a typical speed profile of a locomotive in passenger traffic. The energy flow and consumption values were estimated, and mean hydrogen consumption values were determined.
Źródło:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe; 2022, 1-2; 68-76
0138-0370
2719-9630
Pojawia się w:
Rail Vehicles/Pojazdy Szynowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intensity of use of hybrid vehicles during the initial period of their operation
Autorzy:
Prochowski, Leon
Ziubiński, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz. Przemysłowy Instytut Motoryzacji
Tematy:
hybrid vehicles
intensity of vehicle operation
extreme
mileage
satisfaction
buyers
Opis:
Extensive environmental protection activities include the promotion of alternative drive systems for motor vehicles. An important role in this field is played by hybrid vehicles, with their low operation costs being a strong marketing argument. Can such economies be conducive to the intensity of use of hybrid vehicles compared with vehicles with conventional drive systems? To answer this question, the intensity of use of hybrid vehicles was observed in a few different countries. The attention was focused on the occurrence of extreme (very low and very high) mileage values within comparable vehicle groups. The survey carried out has revealed distinct differences in the intensity of use of hybrid vehicles compared with motor vehicles with conventional drive systems (IC). The average mileage values for hybrid vehicles are higher than those recorded for conventional ones during the same period, but this difference can only be seen in the initial period of vehicle use, rapidly decreasing with vehicle operation years. The share of vehicles with extreme mileage values recorded during the period under observation, presented in the paper in several ways, declines with the years of vehicle use. In spite of that, however, the percentage of vehicles with extreme mileage values is high in HVs group against IC.
Źródło:
Archiwum Motoryzacji; 2022, 96, 2; 31--50
1234-754X
2084-476X
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Motoryzacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A controller for brushless direct current electric motors. Part 2. Software
Autorzy:
Syroka, Zenon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835557.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital control
motor controller electric
hybrid vehicles
brushless motors
microcontroller
Opis:
A universal controller for brushless direct current (BLDC) motors was designed in the presented article. The system is controlled from the user console where operating parameters are set by the user. Signals are transmitted by cables to microcontrollers which control and monitor electric motors. Microprocessors communicate via a data bus. The controller contains the user console module and the motor control module. The user console module generates commands, and motors are controlled and monitored by the control module. Motor control modules operate independently, and each brushless motor has a dedicated control module. Brushless motors can be controlled in bipolar or unipolar mode. The control method is selected by the operator. The user console and motor controllers communicate via the I²C bus.
Źródło:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; 2020, nr 23(3); 209-220
1505-4675
2083-4527
Pojawia się w:
Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Smart Grid – a Slogan or a Necessity?
Smart Grid – reklama czy konieczność?
Autorzy:
Szczerba, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/397510.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
ENERGA
Tematy:
smart grid
samochody hybrydowe
system elektroenergetyczny
hybrid vehicles
electric power system
Opis:
The use of the terms “smart grid” and “intelligent power networks” should be limited to economically valid technological developments. This paper presents two electrical energy related “sets of elements”: an electric power system as an integrated set and a distributed set consisting of plug-in hybrid vehicles, such as passenger cars. As plug-in hybrid vehicles are becoming more and more popular, this paper introduces a concept of integrating such vehicles with the electric power system. A quantitative assessment of the benefits for the car owners and the electrical power system has been presented.
Idea Smart Grid, inteligentnych sieci elektroenergetycznych, po odrzuceniu nieprofesjonalnego balastu propagandowo-reklamowego, powinna być w kraju wykorzystana do wprowadzania postępu technicznego uzasadnionego ekonomicznie. Opisano dwa zbiory elementów związane z energią: zintegrowany zbiór – system elektroenergetyczny i rozproszony zbiór – samochody osobowe. Wśród samochodów osobowych coraz liczniejsze są pojazdy z napędem hybrydowym lub elektrycznym (ang. hybrid plug-in). W artykule zaproponowano wersję samochodów hybrydowych smart hybrid plug-in, umożliwiającą skojarzenie tego typu pojazdów z systemem elektroenergetycznym. Przedstawiono szacunek liczbowy korzyści dla posiadaczy samochodów i dla systemu elektroenergetycznego.
Źródło:
Acta Energetica; 2014, 4; 132-139
2300-3022
Pojawia się w:
Acta Energetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognoza konkurencyjności zastosowania paliw alternatywnych w transporcie miejskim względem pojazdów elektromobilnych
Forecast of competitiveness applying alternative fuels in urban transport in terms of elektromobile vehicles
Autorzy:
Kuśnierz, Sandra
Zientek, Izabela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
elektromobilność
paliwa alternatywne
pojazdy hybrydowe
pojazdy wodorowe
electromobility
alternative fuels
hybrid vehicles
hydric vehicles
Opis:
The main topic of article is use of alternative fuels in a public transport and implementing zero-emission solutions in urban logistics of public communication. There will be introduced a technical conditioning of technological solutions. There will be highlighted forecasted development’s directions of public transport and activities aimed at sustainable development urban areas. The main goal of paper is research of strengths and faults of particular means of transport and analysis of theirs expansion’s chances in urban communication.
Źródło:
Journal of TransLogistics; 2019, 5, 1; 25-40
2450-5870
Pojawia się w:
Journal of TransLogistics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy storage systems for hybrid electric vehicles - new concept of motorization
Systemy Gromadzenia Energii Elektrycznej dla Pojazdów o Napędzie Hybrydowym - Nowy Koncept Motoryzacji
Autorzy:
Pierożyński, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1817829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
pojazdy
napęd hybrydowy
magazynowanie energii
Energy storage
hybrid electric vehicles
Opis:
Dynamiczny rozwój pojazdów o napędzie hybrydowym (spalinowo-elektrycznym) wymuszony został szybko zmieniającymi się przepisami w ochronie środowiska naturalnego oraz ciągłą fluktuacją cen ropy naftowej. Baterie niklowo-wodorkowe (NiMH ) stanowią podstawowe źródło stałe energii elektrycznej w pojazdach tego typu. Jednym z najpoważniejszych problem ów w systemach baterii NiMH jest kinetyka reakcji rozładowania elektrody wodorkowej w niskich temperaturach. Usprawnienie niskotemperaturowego zachowania baterii NiMH można uzyskać poprzez wprowadzenie niewielkich ilości dodatków katalizujących do masy MH. O pisane superkondensatory elektrochemiczne, oparte na wykorzystaniu pojemności podwójnej warstwy elektrycznej materiałów węglowych o dużej specyficznej powierzchni, znajdują zastosowanie jak o uzupełniające źródła gromadzenia energii elektrycznej. Są zazwyczaj stosowane w pojazdach hybrydowych równolegle z bateriami NiMH.
Źródło:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae; 2004, 2, 1; 475-485
1733-1218
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Researches on power transmission systems of traction vehicles with a hybrid drive
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, M.
Plich, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
hybrid drive vehicles
unconventional power supply sources
electric machines
energy accumulators -super capacitors
Opis:
The structures of modern traction vehicles are based on new generation devices. Technical progress within the field of power transmission concerns such elements as sources of power supply, electric devices and energy electronic solutions in power transmission systems. The prototypes of traction vehicles being currently drawn up are hybrid vehicles using different kinds of sources of power supply ofpower transmission systems, the most important of which are combustion engines, contact systems, supercapacitors (ultracapacitors), accumulators and fuel cells. Main engines are usually electric machines. In energy electronic starting systems it is permissible to use all kinds of main electric engines, for example, direct-current motors (inline engines, commutator motors with permanent magnets or non-commutator motors) or three-phase motors of alternating current (induction and synchronous). This means a complete change of rules in energy managing in a vehicle. Sources of energy can have the function of basic power supply (contact system, combustion engine or combustion cell) or the function of power supply support (supercapacitors, accumulators or fuel cell). New functions of drive operation will be available, namely, leveling of basic power supply load, recuperation of braking energy of the whole train set, driving at the temporary disconnection of basic power supply (short-term application of accumulator as basic power supply). Each of the above functions can contribute to the improvement of watt-hour efficiency of the system or to prolonging the range of driving. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake research on new generation power transmission systems. Research tasks focus on measurement of state variables of a drive, analyses of traction signals, modeling of drive operation in the conditions of driving cycle realization, verification of a model, drawing up a strategy of energy management in order to achieve the best watt-hour efficiency and the range of driving. In the article presented, sample results of researches on applications of hybrid power transmission systems conducted in various national research centers will be demonstrated. They concern both theoretical research (model simulation) and prototype research. The conception will be presented of a laboratory station for conducting research on modern sources of power supply and drives, which is currently being built at the Faculty of Transport of Warsaw Polytechnic at the Division of Exploitation of Tracking Systems and Electric Equipment in Transport.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 233-238
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the regenerative braking process for the urban traffic conditions
Autorzy:
Kropiwnicki, Jacek
Furmanek, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/132918.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
regenerative braking
real traffic conditions
hybrid vehicles
electric vehicles
energy consumption
route planning
hamowanie odzyskowe
rzeczywiste warunki ruchu
pojazdy hybrydowe
pojazdy elektryczne
zużycie energii
planowanie trasy
Opis:
In a regular drive system, with an internal combustion engine, vehicle braking is connected with the unproductive dissipation of kinetic and potential energy accumulated in the mass of the vehicle into the environment. This energy can constitute up to 70% of the energy used to drive a vehicle under urban conditions. Its recovery and reuse is one of the basic advantages of hybrid and electric vehicles. Modern traffic management systems as well as navigation systems should take into account the possibility of the energy recovery in the process of regenerative braking. For this purpose, a model of a regenerative braking process may be helpful, which on the one hand will enable to provide information on how traffic conditions will affect the amount of energy dissipated (wasted) into the atmosphere, on the other hand will help to optimize the route of vehicles with regenerative braking systems. This work contains an analysis of the process of the regenerative braking for the urban traffic conditions registered in Gdańsk. A model was also presented that allows calculating the amount of energy available from the braking process depending on the proposed variables characterizing the vehicle traffic conditions.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2019, 58, 3; 203-207
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przegląd technologii recyklingu zużytych akumulatorów litowo-jonowych
Recycling technologies of used lithium-ion batteries - a review
Autorzy:
Wójcik, M.
Pawłowska, B.
Stachowicz, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/195188.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
akumulatory litowo-jonowe
samochody hybrydowe
samochody elektryczne
recykling
odzysk metali
lithium-ion batteries
hybrid electric vehicles
electric vehicles
recycling
metals recovery
Opis:
Wzrastająca corocznie liczba samochodów elektrycznych i hybrydowych wymusza na ich producentach opracowywanie nowych technologii w zakresie recyklingu. Istotnym elementem nowego typu pojazdów z punktu widzenia ekologii i ochrony zasobów naturalnych, są akumulatory litowo-jonowe stosowane do zasilania samochodów hybrydowych. Zużyte baterie litowo-jonowe są stosunkowo nowym odpadem, dlatego większość procesów ich odzysku i recyklingu pozostaje w sferze badań laboratoryjnych. W zaprezentowanym artykule dokonano przeglądu metod recyklingu wyeksploatowanych akumulatorów litowo-jonowych, stosowanych w skali przemysłowej, jak i dopiero znajdujących się w fazie testów laboratoryjnych. Przedstawiono również budowę baterii litowo-jonowych oraz charakterystykę rynku pojazdów hybrydowych, zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie.
The increase of the amount of hybrid and electric vehicles results in the development of their new recycling technologies. From the environmental and protection of natural resources point of view, the substantial element of hybrid electric vehicles is lithium-ion battery. These batteries are commonly used to power new types of cars. However, used lithium-ion batteries are relatively new kind of waste. For this reason, the most of recycling and recovery processes are in laboratory research. This article shows the review of recycling methods of lithium-ion batteries, which are used both on industrial scale and in laboratories. This paper also presents a composition of lithium-ion batteries and the characteristic of automotive market both in Poland and in the world.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika; 2017, z. 89 [295], 2; 107-120
0209-2689
2300-5211
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study of the two-rotor electric motor of a drive of vehicle drive wheels
Autorzy:
Sergienko, Nikolay
Kuznetsov, Valeriy
Liubarskyi, Borys
Pastushchina, Mariia
Gołębiowski, Piotr
Tkaczyk, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2067404.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
two-rotor electric motor
torque
revolution
slip
drive
drive wheel
electric vehicle
hybrid vehicles
silnik elektryczny dwuwirnikowy
moment obrotowy
obrót
poślizg
napęd
pojazd elektryczny
pojazd hybrydowy
Opis:
In recent years, electric and hybrid vehicles have taken more and more attention due to their apparent advantages in saving fuel resources and reducing harmful emissions into the environment. Even though electric vehicles can solve the ecological problem, their operation is faced with a number of inconveniences associated with a limited driving distance from a single charge due to limited storage of energy from an independent power source and a lack of the required service and repair infrastructure. In hybrid and electric vehicles one of the main parameters is the curb weight, which affects energy consumption, vehicle speed, stability, controllability and maneuverability. In this regard, leading car manufacturers use parts with a low specific weight (non-metallic, aluminum alloys, etc.) in the design and also exclude some units from the design. Due to these technical solutions, the vehicle's operating is improved. One of the groups of parameters to be defined when designing a new electric vehicle is the parameters relating to the electric motor. The purpose of the article is determination of the mechanical characteristics of a two-rotor electric motor during magnetic flux control and assessment of the possibility of organizing the drive of the drive wheels of the vehicle. The electric motor has two mechanically independent outputs. For the study, an electrical equivalent diagram has been developed for the given two-rotor electric motor. A simulation model of the equivalent diagram has been built. Simulating the interaction processes of the rotors with the stator made it possible to obtain data for building the mechanical characteristics for each output of the electric motor. Analysis and processing of the mechanical characteristics data of the electric motors showed the conformity and the range of changes in the torque on each of the rotors when changing their slip and revolution, which are required when building algorithms for the operation of electric motor control systems as part of drives for various purposes. Analysis of the simulation results made it possible to assess the possibility of using the considered two-rotor electric motor for the drive of drive wheels in an electric and hybrid wheeled vehicle.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2021, 60, 4; 245--257
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two decades of hybrid electric vehicle market
Dwie dekady rynku hybrydowych samochodów elektrycznych
Autorzy:
Menes, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Humanistyczny im. Kazimierza Pułaskiego w Radomiu
Tematy:
directions of automotive development
greenhouse gases
hybrid electric vehicles
HEV
gazy cieplarniane
hybrydowe samochody elektryczne
kierunki rozwoju motoryzacji
Opis:
The article presents a cross-sectional view of the development of the HEV car market over the last two decades. Hybrid cars are currently the widest group of cars equipped with alternative to classic drive systems. They are also the most numerous group among electric vehicles. The historical meanders of HEV development were described, as well as the current level of development of this market and the real prospects for the popularization of HEV cars. The level of world production of this category of motor vehicles in the twenty-year period 2001-2020 was also characterized. The article attempts to estimate the real size of the world's HEV fleet. The level of sales of this category of vehicles by individual countries and their changing percentage share in the passenger car market were also presented. Sales of electric hybrids even in the crisis year 2020 increased from 3.2 million to approx. 4 million vehicles, despite a decrease in sales of new passenger cars from 64 to 54 million units. The above fact also proves the market attractiveness of this type of vehicles and the constantly growing interest in them.
W artykule przedstawiono przekrojowy obraz rozwoju rynku samochodów HEV na przestrzeni ostatnich dwóch dekad. Samochody hybrydowe to obecnie najszersza grupa samochodów wyposażonych w alternatywne dla klasycznych układów napędowych rozwiązania. Stanowią też najliczniejszą grupę wśród pojazdów elektrycznych. Opisano historyczne meandry rozwoju HEV, obecny poziom rozwoju tego rynku oraz realne perspektywy spopularyzowania samochodów HEV. Scharakteryzowano również poziom światowej produkcji tej kategorii pojazdów samochodowych w dwudziestoleciu 2001-2020. W artykule podjęto próbę oszacowania rzeczywistej wielkości światowej floty HEV. Przedstawiono również poziom sprzedaży tej kategorii pojazdów przez poszczególne kraje oraz zmieniający się ich udział procentowy w rynku samochodów osobowych. Sprzedaż hybryd elektrycznych nawet w kryzysowym roku 2020 wzrosła z 3,2 mln do ok. 4 mln pojazdów, pomimo spadku sprzedaży nowych aut osobowych z 64 do 54 mln sztuk. Powyższy fakt świadczy również o atrakcyjności rynkowej tego typu pojazdów i stale rosnącym zainteresowaniu nimi.
Źródło:
Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport; 2021, 3, 1; 29-37
2658-1698
2658-2120
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Possible operation modes of HEV vehicle with direct AC/AC transfer and 5-phase traction motors
Autorzy:
Dobrucký, B.
Drgoňa, P.
Kaščák, S.
Praženica, M.
Pavlásek, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/314561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
pojazdy hybrydowe i elektryczne
HEV
transfer AC/AC
silniki trakcyjne
hybrid electric vehicles
AC/AC transfer
traction motors
Opis:
The paper deals with operational modes of HEV vehicle with direct AC/AC transfer and five-phase IM traction motors. Such configuration yields smaller voltage drops compared with the serial AC/DC/AC converter and five-phase machines offer some inherent advantages over their three-phase counterparts. Also, dynamical properties of HEV are better due to the absence of a DC link which has accumulating action. Other advantage includes reduced electromagnetic torque pulsation and also noise characteristics of the five-phase drives are better when compared with the three-phase ones. Possible operational modes enable to provide both the single and/or hybrid operations at driving and braking states.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 12; 528-531, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trends in automotive emissions legislation: impact on LD engine development, fuels, lubricants, and test methods – a global view, with a focus on WLTP and RDE regulations – Summary of the 6th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES)
Autorzy:
Bielaczyc, P.
Woodburn, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133409.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
global trends of exhaust emissions
emissions standards
IC engines
RDE
WLTP
WLTC
test methods
fuel development
hybrid vehicles
electric vehicles
światowe trendy emisji spalin
standardy emisji
silniki spalinowe
rozwój paliw
pojazdy hybrydowe
pojazdy mechaniczne
Opis:
Among the drivers influencing vehicular powertrain development, the field of vehicular exhaust emissions is experiencing wideranging and rapid changes. New emissions regulations such as Euro 6d and new test methods (RDE and WLTP) are the main challenges for the automotive industry caused by political, socioeconomic and technical factors. Air quality is very high on the political agenda and pressure remains to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport sector. In addition to limits becoming increasingly stringent, the list of parameters subject to legal limits are slowly expanding – and, most importantly, these limits must be met under a wide range of conditions. A range of strategies are available to overcome these difficulties, which was explored during the 6th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES) hosted at BOSMAL in June 2018. This paper reports and summarises the topics of the 6th IEES and attempts a synthesis on the current status of the field of IC engines, hybrid powertrains and electric vehicles and what the coming years may hold for the automotive and fuel industries and other allied fields.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 3; 56-65
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles in urban driving conditions
Autorzy:
Pielecha, I.
Cieślik, W.
Fluder, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
Tematy:
hybrid electric vehicles
energy management
electric range
real driving conditions
samochody hybrydowe
zarządzanie energią
zasięg elektryczny
rzeczywiste warunki jazdy
Opis:
The pursuit of fuel consumption reduction by vehicles leads to a sudden increase in the share of hybrid and electric drives in the vehicle market. Replacing hybrid vehicles with electric vehicles requires long-term technological solutions, both for the infrastructure and the vehicles themselves. Therefore, one of the leading types of passenger car drives is currently the hybrid drive. The generated work share of electric drives used to power hybrid vehicles is a determinant of the viability of using electric drives. The article estimates the operating time share of electric and hybrid modes operation in real driving conditions (RDC) based on the latest Toyota hybrid model. The research object was a vehicle from the crossover group equipped with a fourth generation hybrid drive. Analysis of the drive's operation allowed to determine the conditions of energy flow and determine the work share of the electric drive in the total driving time.
Źródło:
Combustion Engines; 2018, 57, 2; 14-18
2300-9896
2658-1442
Pojawia się w:
Combustion Engines
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the use of hybrid electric powertrain system in urban traffic conditions
Ocena zastosowania napędów hybrydowych w warunkach ruchu miejskiego
Autorzy:
Szumska, Emilia
Jurecki, Rafał
Pawełczyk, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/301489.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
Tematy:
hybrid electric vehicles
real-world conditions
fuel economy
air pollutants
hybrydowe układy napędowe
rzeczywiste warunki jazdy
zużycie paliwa
emisja
Opis:
The conditions of use of the vehicle significantly affect the performance results. Traffic conditions in a specific city directly affect the consumption of energy, fuel and emissions of harmful compounds in exhaust fumes. Conduction of the measurements of a vehicle’s performance parameters in operating conditions is very troublesome and is often not possible to realize. An alternative is to use the simulation programs. Vehicle simulation programs offer options related to vehicle models or drive unit components and allow development of new models. Based on the results of simulation testing, it is possible to analyse the level of fuel and energy consumption as well as emissions of harmful compounds in exhaust gases and the operating effectiveness of the drive system in the speed profile. The paper presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of using hybrid electric drive system in passenger cars in medium-sized city traffic conditions using the Kielce example. The simulation tests were based on the speed profiles recorded during real-world test drives in various times of the day. The simulation results were used to conduct an analysis of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions recorded by conventional and hybrid vehicles.
Warunki użytkowania pojazdu mają znaczący wpływ na parametry eksploatacyjne pojazdu. Warunki ruchu w określonym mieście bezpośrednio wpływają na zużycie energii, paliwa i poziom emisji szkodliwych związków zawartych w spalinach. Przeprowadzenie pomiarów parametrów eksploatacyjnych pojazdu w warunkach rzeczywistych jest kłopotliwe i często niemożliwe do zrealizowania. Alternatywą jest wykorzystanie symulacji komputerowych. Programy do symulacji pojazdów oferują, między innymi, modele pojazdów lub komponentów układu napędowego oraz pozwalają na opracowanie nowych modeli. Na podstawie wyników badań symulacyjnych możliwa jest analiza poziomu zużycia paliwa, energii, emisji szkodliwych związków zawartych w spalinach oraz efektywności pracy układu napędowego w profilu prędkości. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono ocenę efektywności zastosowania napędów hybrydowych w samochodach osobowych w warunkach ruchu miasta średniej wielkości na przykładzie Kielc. Do badań symulacyjnych wykorzystano profile prędkości, zarejestrowane podczas rzeczywistych przejazdów w różnych porach dnia. Na podstawie wyników symulacji przeprowadzono analizę zużycia paliwa oraz emisji zanieczyszczeń, zarejestrowanych dla pojazd z napędem konwencjonalnym oraz pojazdów z napędem hybrydowym.
Źródło:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2020, 22, 1; 154-160
1507-2711
Pojawia się w:
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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