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    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Energy performance optimization in a condensing boiler
    Autorzy:
    Fernández-Cheliz, Diego
    Velasco-Gómez, Eloy
    Velasco-Gómez, Juan
    Tejero-González, Ana
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/31233769.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
    Tematy:
    condensing boiler
    Domestic Hot Water
    space heating
    excess air
    energy performance
    Opis:
    In Europe, primary energy consumption in buildings accounts for up to 25%–40%, depending on the climate conditions. Space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) contribute significantly to this energy consumption. Among the most common sources for heat generation in these appliances is natural gas. Condensing boilers can surpass the 100% energy performance over the lower heating value if the operating conditions enable the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condensate. Consequently, optimizing the operating parameters of condensing boilers is necessary to decrease the fuel consumption without hindering the water heating needs. The present work presents an experimental approach to the operating parameters of a condensing boiler that works with natural gas. The aim is to develop a theoretical model that relates the energy performance to the water temperature, set by the final user, and the excess air set by the maintenance staff.
    Źródło:
    Innovations – Sustainability – Modernity – Openness. Modernity in engineering; 67-72
    9788366391901
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A study of the local entropy generation rate in a porous media burner
    Autorzy:
    Mohammadi, I.
    Esfahani, J. A.
    Kim, K. C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38597672.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
    Tematy:
    porous media burner
    chemical kinetics
    volumetric heat transfer
    axisymmetric combustion
    local entropy generation
    excess air ratio
    Opis:
    In this paper, the work and performance of the premixed methane-air porous axisymmetrical burner have firstly been simulated numerically using the CFD tools. For this purpose the set of governing equations has been enriched by an additional energy equation in porous solid, and the chemical species transport has been extended onto the multi-step mechanism (GRI-2-11). This numerical model has been verified on the base of available benchmark experiments. Next, we have studied the local entropy generation problem taking into account not only classical contributions like viscous and turbulent dissipation but also, the porous combustion of gases. The results showed that the greatest portion of entropy generation in the porous medium burner is related to chemical reactions, followed by heat transfer, mass diffusion (mixing) and friction (viscous dissipation), respectively. According to the results, as the excess air ratio increases, the local entropy generation rate due to heat transfer and friction increases and the local entropy generation rate due to chemical reactions is decreased. Also, by increasing the volumetric heat transfer coefficient, the local entropy generation rate due to heat transfer decreases and the local entropy generation rate due to friction and chemical reactions increases. Also, the local entropy generation rate due to mixing does not show a significant change with the changing excess air ratio and volumetric heat transfer coefficient.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Mechanics; 2020, 72, 3; 257-279
    0373-2029
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Mechanics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines - a review
    Autorzy:
    Pielecha, Ireneusz
    Sidorowicz, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2097496.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    dual fuel engine
    excess air coefficient
    multi-fuel mixture forming
    silnik dwupaliwowy
    współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza
    formowanie mieszanki wielopaliwowej
    Opis:
    The article presents an overview of technical solutions for dual fuel systems used in internal combustion engines. It covers the historical and contemporary genesis of using two fuels simultaneously in the combustion process. The authors pay attention to the value of the excess air coefficient in the cylinder, as the ignitability of the fuel dose near the spark plug is a critical factor. The mixture formation of compression ignition based systems are also analyzed. The results of research on indirect and direct injection systems (and their combinations) have been presented. Research sections were separated based to the use of gasoline with other fuels or diesel oil with other fuels. It was found that the use of two fuels in different configurations of the fuel supply systems extends the conditions for the use of modern combustion systems (jet controlled compression ignition, reactivity controlled compression ignition, intelligent charge compression ignition, premixed charge compression ignition), which will enable further improvement of combustion efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2021, 60, 1; 30--40
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Errors Associated With Excess Air Multipoint Measurement Systems
    Autorzy:
    Ramsunkar, C.
    Tonder, C. von
    Schmitz, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184927.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    excess air measurement
    flue gas oxygen concentration
    boiler O2
    air ingress
    nadmiar pomiaru powietrza
    stężenie tlenu spaliny
    kocioł O2
    wnikanie powietrza
    Opis:
    Boiler combustion air is generally controlled by the excess air content measured at the boiler economiser outlet using oxygen (O2) analysers. Due to duct geometry and dimensions, areas of high and low O2 concentrations in the flue gas duct occur, which poses a problem in obtaining a representative measurement of O2 in the flue gas stream. Multipoint systems as opposed to single point systems are more favourable to achieve representative readings. However, ash blockages and air leakages influence the accuracy of O2 measurement. The design of multipoint system varies across ESKOMs’ Power Stations. This research was aimed at evaluating the accuracy of the multipoint oxygen measurement system installed at Power Station A and to determine the systematic errors associated with different multipoint systems designs installed at Power Stations' A and B. Using flow simulation software, FloEFDTM and Flownex®, studies were conducted on two types of multipoint system designs This study established that significantly large errors, as high as 50%, were noted between the actual and measured flue gas O2. The design of the multipoint system extraction pipes also introduces sigdnificant errors, as high as 23%, in the O2 measured. The results indicated that the sampling errors intro- introduced with Lethabo's system can be significantly reduced by adopting the sampling pipe design installed at Camden.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2015, 36, 4; 405--423
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analiza porównawcza spalania w piecu grzewczym oleju opałowego, biopaliwa i gazu ciekłego dla różnego nadmiaru podawanego powietrza
    Analysis of fuel oil, biofuel and LPG combustion in a heating furnace at various mixture of fuel and air
    Autorzy:
    Zdrojewski, Z.
    Figiel, A.
    Peroń, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286865.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    temperatura spalin
    strata spalania
    tlenek węgla
    tlenki azotu
    współczynnik lambda
    coefficient of excess air
    nitric oxide
    carbon monoxide
    chimney losses
    temperature
    Opis:
    Badania przeprowadzono na jednym piecu, z palnikami na olej i ciekły gaz po ustawieniu zużycia paliwa na stałą moc 75 kW. Zawartość tlenków azotu dla biodiesla SETA Diesel równa 80 mg/m3, była o 20% niższa, aniżeli dla oleju EKOTERM Plus. Temperatura spalin była wyższa o ok.10°C. Straty kominowe dla olejów były niskie, jednak dla biopaliwa nieco wyższe, 7,5%, aniżeli dla oleju opałowego 7%. Ilości tlenku węgla dla wszystkich paliw były jedynie śladowe.
    Studies were done on one heating furnace with 2 burners for furnace oil, biofuel and liquid propane gas. The consumption was fixed for a thermal power of 75 kW. The temperature of exhaust from biodiesel was by 10°C higher, than from fuel oil. Amount of nitric oxide was by 20% lower for biodiesel than for fuel oil. Chimney losses for LPG were low (6%) and for biodiesel 0.5% higher than for fuel oil (7%). There were only very small amounts of carbon monoxide found.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2005, R. 9, nr 4, 4; 349-357
    1429-7264
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Porównanie spalania biopaliwa, oleju opałowego i gazu propan - przy różnych ciśnieniach podawanego paliwa
    Comparison of combustion of oil, biofuel and LPG in a heat furnace - at different pressure of fuel
    Autorzy:
    Zdrojewski, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/286576.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Tematy:
    tlenek azotu
    tlenek węgla
    temperatura spalin
    współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza
    nitric oxide
    carbon monoxide
    oxygen
    coefficient of excess air
    exhaust temperature
    chimney losses
    Opis:
    Do jednego pieca o mocy 71-85 kW i pojemności 96 litrów, instalowano palnik na olej opałowy lub biopaliwo oraz palnik na gaz propan. Ustalając stałą ilość podawanego powietrza, zmieniano ciśnienie podawanego paliwa w zakresie 8-11 hPa dla gazu i 14-25 MPa dla olejów. Stwierdzono, że ilość tlenków azotu NOx była dla obu olejów podobna (55-77 mg/m3, w zależności od współczynnika nadmiaru powietrza), natomiast dla propanu była o ok. 25 mg/m3 większa. Zawartość tlenku węgla CO dla olejów i mniejszych ciśnień propanu była śladowa, natomiast dla większych ciśnień gazu rosła do 3000 ppm. Strata kominowa zmniejszała się z 7,5 do 7% dla biodiesla, z 8,2 do 5,9% dla oleju opałowego i z 6,8 do 5,5% dla gazu. Temperatury spalin na wylocie z pieca wynosiły dla gazu 133-147 0C, dla biopaliwa 142-169 0C i dla oleju opałowego 146-164 0C.
    Oil, biofuel and liquid gas propan were burned in the heat furnace of thermal power 71-85 kW, using 2 burners (oil or gas). Pressure was regulated for gas from 8 to 11 hPa and for oil from 14 to 25 MPa. Amount of carbon monoxide was very small for oil and bio fuel. For gas was the same but only for low pressure. For high er pressure, amount of CO increased up to 3000 ppm. Amount of nitric oxide was the same for oil and biodiesel ( from 55 to 77 mg/m3 ) and for gas was higher about 25 mg/m3. Chimney losses for LPG were the lower, 6%, and for biodiesel 0,5% higher than for fuel oil, 7%. When the pressure increased, himney losses for biodiesel changed only a little (from 7,5 to 7%), but for oil were higher (from 8,2 to 5,9%) and for gas were the smallest (6,8 to 5,5%).Temperatures of exhaust for biodiesel and oil were quite the same (142-169°C and 146-164°C respectively), but for gas propan were the lowest (133-147°C).
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza; 2006, R. 10, nr 4(79), 4(79); 357-366
    1429-7264
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria Rolnicza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of indication errors of the SI gas engine with a prechamber
    Analiza bledow indykowania gazowego silnika ZI z komora wstepna
    Autorzy:
    Jamrozik, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/793719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Komisja Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Tematy:
    engine
    two-stage combustion system
    excess air factor
    indicated work
    gas engine
    prechamber
    thermal process
    internal combustion engine
    spark ignition
    piston engine
    Źródło:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa; 2011, 11
    1641-7739
    Pojawia się w:
    Teka Komisji Motoryzacji i Energetyki Rolnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A study of performance and emissions of SI engine with a two-stage combustion system
    Autorzy:
    Jamrozik, A.
    Tutak, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/185841.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    silnik z dwustopniowym systemem spalania
    współczynnik nadmiaru powietrza
    engine with two-stage combustion system
    prechamber
    excess air factor
    indicated work
    indicated efficiency
    non-repeatability factor of the indicated work
    Opis:
    Lean mixture burning leads to a decrease in the temperature of the combustion process and it is one of the methods of limiting nitric oxide emissions. It also increases engine efficiency. An effective method to correct lean mixture combustion can be a two-stage system of stratified mixture combustion in an engine with a prechamber. This article presents the results of laboratory research on an SI engine (spark ignition) with a two-stage combustion system with a cylinder powered by gasoline and a prechamber powered by propane-butane gas LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The results were compared to the results of research on a conventional engine with a one-stage combustion process. The test engine fuel mixture stratification method, with a two-stage combustion system in the engine with a prechamber, allowed to burn a lean mixture with an average excess air factor equal to 2.0 and thus led to lower emissions of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust of the engine. The test engine with a conventional, single-stage combustion process allowed to properly burn air-fuel mixtures of excess air factors X not exceeding 1.5. If the value X > 1.5, the non-repeatability factor COVLi increases, and the engine efficiency decreases, which makes it virtually impossible for the engine to operate. The engine with a two-stage combustion process, working with X = 2.0, the QmlQim = 2.5%, reduced the NOx content in the exhaust gases to a level of about 1.14 g/kWh. This value is significantly lower than the value obtained in a conventional engine, which worked at X = 1.3 with comparable non-repeatability of successive cycles (about 3%) and a similar indicated efficiency (about 34%), was characterised by the emissions of NOx in the exhaust equal to 26.26 g/kWh.
    Źródło:
    Chemical and Process Engineering; 2011, 32, 4; 453-471
    0208-6425
    2300-1925
    Pojawia się w:
    Chemical and Process Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Efficiency of heat pump systems of air conditioning for removing excessive moisture
    Autorzy:
    Bezrodny, Mikhail
    Prytula, Natalia
    Tsvietkova, Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/240821.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    heat pump
    air conditioning systems
    comfortable conditions
    production facilities with excess moisture
    pompa grzejna
    systemy klimatyzacji
    wilgoć
    Opis:
    The conditions of efficient use of heat pumps in air conditioning systems are considered in order to ensure the established temperature and relative humidity of air in premises with the removal of excess moisture in the warm or hot periods of the year. For this purpose, a thermodynamic analysis of heat pump air conditioning schemes with exhaust air recirculation through a condenser and through a heat pump evaporator has been carried out. To determine the potential capabilities of such schemes to maintain comfortable conditions in the production room, a numerical analysis of their operating parameters, depending on the temperature and relative humidity of external atmospheric air, was performed. It has been shown that recirculation of exhaust air through the heat pump evaporator allows to maintain the given conditions in the room in a wider range of parameters of external atmospheric air. In addition, it has been shown that such a scheme requires less specific energy consumption for the operation of heat pump, which means that it is more efficient.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Thermodynamics; 2019, 40, 2; 151-165
    1231-0956
    2083-6023
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Thermodynamics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

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