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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Experimental Determination of Reflection Phases by Three-Beam Diffraction and its Applications
    Autorzy:
    Hümmer, K.
    Schwegle, W.
    Weckert, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920833.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1992-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    Information on phase relationships between Bragg reflections can be obtained by the interference of Bragg waves. In the three-beam case, phase difference is given by a structure invariant triplet phase relationship. The intensity variation due to the three-beam interaction can be best measured by a ψ-scan experiment. The resulting ψ-scan diffraction profiles scanning through a three-beam position uniquely depend on the triplet phase relationship involved. In principle each three-beam profile is given by a superposition of a symmetrical phase-independent and a phase-dependent profile. Thus, triplet phases can be determined experimentally with an accuracy of about 45 degrees. The ψ-scan method is discussed and some examples of applications to the determination of the absolute structure as well as to the structure determination by combination of measured triplet phases with direct methods are given.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 1; 83-102
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of Morphology and Chemical Composition of Self-Organized Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Wires by X-Ray Scattering
    Autorzy:
    Holý, V.
    Meduňa, M.
    Stangl, J.
    Roch, T.
    Bauer, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030767.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.-i
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    X-ray scattering methods suitable for the investigation of the morphology and chemical composition of self-organized quantum dots and quantum wires are reviewed. Their application is demonstrated in experimental examples showing that a combination of small angle X-ray scattering with high-resolution X-ray diffraction can reveal both the shape and the chemical composition of the self-organized objects.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 102, 1; 7-19
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Critical Points of the Structure Amplitude for the Case of One-Dimensional Displacive Modulation
    Autorzy:
    Śliwińska, T.
    Gusin, P.
    Warczewski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043371.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005-06
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.44.Fw
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    The behavior of the structure amplitude is analyzed in terms of the harmonics of a modulation function for the case of one-dimensional longitudinal displacive modulation. This modulation function is given by a finite series of N sine functions. It turns out that: (1) for the large values of the amplitudes of the modulation function the structure amplitude tends to zero for the arbitrary values of the order m of the satellite reflections; (2) for certain values of the amplitudes of the modulation function the modulus of the structure amplitude assumes its maximum value and (3) for the latter case the intensity of an arbitrary satellite reflection is a function of the intensities of both the closest main reflection and the intensities of the finite set of the neighbor satellite reflections.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2005, 107, 6; 917-931
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Resonant Scattering of Light Atoms - Measuring Methods and Applications
    Autorzy:
    Grochowski, J.
    Serda, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1992-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    35.20.Bm
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    The paper describes measuring methods of weak resonant scattering signals occurring in X-ray diffraction pattern of a crystal containing light atoms (C, N, O, F) in its unit cell. Difficulties resulting from the large distance on the energy scale between the K-absorption edges of light atoms and contemporary available energy range of X-ray sources for diffraction experiments may be overcome using mixed synchrotron radiation and sealed tube measurements. Techniques such as high resolution synchrotron radiation diffraction experiment, low resolution azimuthal scan, top reflection azimuthal scan are discussed and their applications are presented. Several enantiomer correctness indicators, evaluating the confidence level of absolute structure determination, are applied for crystals containing oxygen or nitrogen as anomalous scatterers. Resonant scattering of light atoms, which are fundamental constituents of organic molecules and polymers, carries the information about the absolute structure. Growing importance of stereospecific drugs which follows recent recognition of drug-receptor interaction mechanism increases the demand for determination of drug molecule handedness. Investigation of absolute structure for molecules in their original shape (without the introduction of heavy anomalous scatterers) is potentially a vast application field of the described methodology.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 1; 147-156
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    X-Ray Optics for Synchrotron Radiation
    Autorzy:
    Malgrange, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920813.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1992-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    78.90.+t
    Opis:
    This paper presents the main optical devices used to prepare a beam from X-ray synchrotron source: monochromators, flat or curved in order to intercept a larger angular divergence at the sample, mirrors and, finally, optics for polarized X-ray experiments. Since X-ray optics is based either on total reflection or on diffraction by perfect crystals, the basic fundamental results of X-ray dynamical theory, which are necessary to understand the reasons why one device should be chosen rather than the other, are also presented.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 1; 13-32
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence of Interfacial Effects on X-ray Diffraction Spectra of the [GaAs]$\text{}_{n}$[AlAs]$\text{}_{m}$ Superlattices
    Autorzy:
    Gładyszewski, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1879928.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1991-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    68.65.+g
    Opis:
    Influence of interdiffusion, terrace growth, and macroscopic uniformity on X-ray diffraction spectra of [GaAs]$\text{}_{n}$[A1As]$\text{}_{m}$ superlattices are presented. High-angle spectra are analysed on the basis of the kinematic theory of diffraction, whereas low-angle spectra are analysed using the dynamic theory. Computer--simulated (using a Monte-Carlo method) spectra based on a "statistical" model of the superlattice structure are applied in the analysis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1991, 79, 2-3; 213-216
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Structure Factor for Quasicrystals - 1D Case
    Autorzy:
    Kozakowski, B.
    Wolny, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036878.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.44.Br
    61.43.-j
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    Using a statistical approach a simple formula for the structure factor of decorated Fibonacci chain was derived. Although the used method operates in the physical space only, its equivalence to the higher-dimensional analysis was proved. Applications of the analysis to different decorated structures were also discussed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2003, 104, 1; 55-66
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Klein-Gordon Formulation of X-ray Diffraction in the Laue Cas
    Autorzy:
    Borowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030702.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    02.30.Jr
    61.72.-y
    Opis:
    The Takagi-Taupin equations, the fundamental equations for X-ray diffraction deduced from the Maxwell equations, are considered. The connection between the Takagi-Taupin equations and the Klein-Gordon equation is shown. A method of solution of these equations using external differential form formalism is proposed. The solutions for both a narrow and a wide incident beams as a function of boundary conditions is analyzed. The so-called spherical and quasi-plane waves used in the X-ray experimental methods are derived from.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 5; 767-780
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Surface Roughness by X-ray and Neutron Scattering Methods
    Autorzy:
    Sinha, S. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945176.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1996-02
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    68.35.Bs
    78.20.Ci
    Opis:
    We discuss how the roughness and morphology of surfaces and interfaces can be characterized by the nondestructive techniques of X-ray and neutron scattering. We first discuss the mathematical description of rough surfaces in terms of correlation functions and then discuss the various kinds of rough surfaces which exist. These fall into the category of self-affine (Gaussian) surfaces, surfaces with capillary wave fluctuations, stepped surfaces, and surfaces with islands or pits. We then discuss how the scattering from such surfaces may be described and which types of information are available from specular reflectivity, off-specular (diffuse) scattering, and grazing incidence reflection experiments, including a comparison with results obtained by other surface techniques. We then discuss multiple rough interfaces and the scattering from thin films and multilayers. Finally, we shall discuss scattering of neutrons by magnetically rough surfaces and multilayers.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 89, 2; 219-234
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Magnetic X-Ray Scattering
    Autorzy:
    Vettier, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1994-10
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    75.25.+z
    75.40.-s
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    It was proposed in the 1950's that X-rays could be used to probe magnetization densities. After some experimental demonstrations of the technique, applications have shown that the use of magnetic X-ray scattering combined with synchrotron radiation can lead to important new discoveries in the magnetism of solid materials. Several important features have emerged, especially the resonant magnetic X-ray scattering: large enhancements of scattered intensities, site and species selectivity, X-ray energy and polarization dependence. These properties make it possible to study new phenomena: details of magnetic structures of materials including micro-crystals, new aspects of magnetic phase transitions and surface magnetism.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 86, 4; 521-535
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Extinction Paradox
    Autorzy:
    Żakowicz, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030470.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    32.80.Cy
    42.25.Fx
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    The extinction paradox, the difference of classical and quantum scattering cross-sections for the scattering of particles by a rigid sphere (σ$\text{}^{Q}$=2π a$\text{}^{2}$=2σ$\text{}^{C}$ for ka ≫ 1), is analyzed in a simpler 2D model of a rigid cylindrical potential. Rigorous solutions of the Schrödinger equation for particle beams, including also finite width beams, are derived and employed in the description of the scattering process. The scattering particle fluxes, with a thorough treatment of the forward directions, are being studied. It is pointed out that for wide beams (w ≫ a) the scattered flux can reach the value determined by the quantum theory, provided that it is measured at distances R ≫ waλ. Moderately narrow beams (1≪ w≪ a) behave as classical trajectories, and their scattering can be described in classical terms. Thus, the classical limit of quantum scattering requires not only that the de Broglie wavelength λ$\text{}_{B}$ is much smaller than the size of the scatterer (a ≫ λ$\text{}_{B}$), but also that the transverse width of beams of de Broglie's waves is small, w≪ a.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 3; 369-385
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparative Studies of Surface Roughness of Thin Epitaxial Si Films by Computer Simulations and Experimental X-Ray and Optical Methods
    Autorzy:
    Żymierska, D.
    Auleytner, J.
    Domagała, J.
    Szewczyk, A.
    Dmitruk, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1964181.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1997-05
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    78.20.Ci
    68.35.Bs
    61.10.Dp
    Opis:
    The paper presents investigations of the surface roughness of epitaxial silicon films obtained by chemical vapour deposition with chloric and MOCVD processes. The flat surfaces of films and chemically etched surfaces of substrates were studied by optical methods as well as by X-ray reflectivity at grazing incidence. The computer simulations based on Fresnel theory were compared with the experimental results.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1997, 91, 5; 1025-1030
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determination of Surface Roughness by Grazing Incidence X-ray Reflectivity
    Autorzy:
    Żymierska, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1945234.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1996-03
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    68.35.Bs
    78.20.Ci
    Opis:
    The paper presents theoretical calculations of grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity curves for iron and nickel crystals. The computer simulations based on Fresnel theory take into account damping (as the result of surface roughness), which is different from the usual Rayleigh damping. The calculations are performed for a wide range of wavelengths and roughness and also for different distribution of roughness on the surface.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1996, 89, 3; 347-352
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure Analysis of Nanocrystalline Powders by X-ray Diffraction
    Autorzy:
    Louër, D.
    Audebrand, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    61.10.Nz
    61.46.+w
    61.72.Dd
    61.72.Lk
    61.72.Mm
    Opis:
    The use of X-ray diffraction line profile analysis for the study of nanocrystalline powders is described. The fundamentals of the theory are presented in terms of crystallite/domain size, size distribution, lattice distortion, dislocation density and stacking faults. Line profile parameters and the methods of pattern fitting introduced to overcome the diffraction-line overlap problem are described. The approaches based of the integral breadth of the measured line profiles and the Fourier method are discussed. In addition, simplified approaches are also commented. Representative examples are selected to illustrate various cases of microstructure, such as nanomaterials with strain-free spherical nanocrystallites, strain-free crystallites with anisotropic crystallite shape, anisotropic crystallites with microstrains and spherical crystallites with dislocation densities and crystallite size distributions.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 102, 1; 45-56
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    X-Ray Magnetic Scattering
    Autorzy:
    Cooper, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1920839.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1992-07
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    61.10.Dp
    75.50.-y
    78.70.-g
    78.70.Ck
    Opis:
    Magnetic X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation is now an established technique for studies of antiferromagnets. The problems associated with the small magnetic scattering cross-section being alleviated by the dramatic enhancements found near absorption edges through resonant exchange scattering. The technique is particularly useful for those materials that require high wavevector resolution to reveal the structural phase transitions that accompany the magnetic ordering process or those that are difficult to investigate with neutrons, (e.g. samarium, for which recent results are presented). In the actinides the work is also motivated by the objective of performing an empirical separation of the spin and orbital components of magnetisation. Diffraction studies of ferromagnets require circular polarised radiation and suffer from the superposition of the small magnetic signal and the charge scattering; to date Laue methods have proved more successful than monochromatic beam studies. Ferro- and ferrimagnets can also be studied by Compton (inelastic) scattering but the cross-section is less well established: considerable effort has been directed to determining whether orbital magnetisation can be measured in these experiments and results on HoFe$\text{}_{2}$ now indicate this is not so. Magnetic Compton profiles provide information about the momentum distribution of electrons with unpaired spins, and this, together with magnetisation data can provide the basis for the separation of spin and orbital magnetisation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Physica Polonica A; 1992, 82, 1; 137-146
    0587-4246
    1898-794X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Physica Polonica A
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15

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