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Tytuł:
TAX PROFILES OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Autorzy:
PARENTE, Salvatore Antonello
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
digital economy;
tax profiles;
google tax;
digital tax;
web tax
Opis:
Computer science and technological developments of the last decades has impacted considerably on the forms and methods of production and circulation of wealth, encouraging the spread of new activities completely dematerialized within a social and economic context characterized by frenetic circulation of knowledge and information available than just a “click” and from a production, distribution and consumption of goods increasingly virtual and intangible. As activities that might acquire economic value, in terms of tax, we wondered if, in order to face emergencies raised by virtual economy, is sufficient to adapt existing fiscal instruments or is necessary, rather, developing new forms of levy, creating a virtual world taxation. Special emphasis hiring then tax profiles of the activities carried out by large multinational companies, digital society, with subsidiaries in several countries, that can produce very high incomes, hardly taxed in the source State or otherwise frequently taxed to a lesser extent than the ordinary tax regime. The Italian legal system has tried to remedy this widespread phenomenon, with timid actions which seek to establish, first, a Google tax, then a digital tax, before arriving to the web tax, recently adopted in two different subsequent versions(before “digital transactions tax” and after “digital services tax”), but characterized byan uncertain future.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2019, 1(21); 55-69
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State Autonomy in Shaping Tax Policies: Facts and Myths Based on the Situation in OECD Countries
Autorzy:
Tomkiewicz, Jacek
Postuła, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
tax competition
tax autonomy of states
tax havens
tax policy
Opis:
Purpose: Capital flows, tax competition, multinational companies and tax havens weakens governments’ ability to lead independent tax policy. This race to the bottom, especially in the case of CIT rate, seems to work. Aim of the text is to show that the governments are not as powerless as it is often claimed. Despite common opinion, nation-states retain a relatively significant autonomy in creating their own fiscal policies, including tax instruments. Size of funds kept in tax havens have not been growing for few years and international cooperation of tax authorities is more and more efficient in dealing with the tax fraud. Methodology: The study uses desk research method for theoretical reasoning to verify the research hypothesis. Moreover, the study seeks answering if the application of EU tax policies determines national tax policy. To that end, the authors utilize time series and cause-effect analysis, as well as quantitative research for the systematization of statistical information and regression analysis for the examination of statistical dependencies. Tax competition or the functioning of tax havens naturally limits the realization of the fundamental functions of fiscal policies, although the taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. Findings: The most important data on public revenues structure in different OECD countries indicate that taxation remains one of the most crucial instruments of macroeconomic and income policy of national authorities. We also show that impact of FDI on hosting economy is not as positive as it is said to be. There is no relation between FDI and R&D spending and level of wages in hosting country is even affected in the negative way by the FDI inflow. Irrespective of the regulatory details introduced at the EU level – the basic factor affecting jets coordination in the field of cooperation between tax services brings effects both in terms of the current collection of tax liabilities and the creation of regulations that hinder tax avoidance and under statement assessment. Originality/value: The study focuses on an analysis of tax policy. The view that taxation of international corporations is fraught with difficulties finds support in the undeniable reality of tax competition.Moreover, a large and growing share of profits is transferred to low-tax places. The prospects for taxing international companies with positive rates seem unoptimistic. Therefore, it is essential to check how the national economy is affected by the FDI inflow in OECD countries.
Źródło:
Central European Management Journal; 2020, 28(2); 83-97
2658-0845
2658-2430
Pojawia się w:
Central European Management Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Methodology of Tax Records for the Support of Tax Management
Autorzy:
Shaidurova, Natalia
Homokyová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
tax
tax management
optimization
Opis:
Tax policy is associated with the use and application of taxes and their instruments, which serve to influence macroeconomic and microeconomic processes in the economy. We can derive the tax policy from the applied economic policy of the state. The objectives of economic policy are aimed in particular at strengthening the effectiveness of the market mechanism, reducing pension and property inequality, as well as strengthening the internal and external stability of the state. In securing them, the state must take into account many internal, as well as international aspects, focused not only on economic but also on political, social, defenses, ethical and other interests. The individual goals that the state sets by its economic policy can be effectively achieved through goal-oriented policies that form part of economic policy. The state’s social policy, unemployment policy, tax policy, etc. fulfil their role. These policies then have a retroactive effect on the economic policy of the state. The subject or goal of tax policy is the application of tax principles and measures so that taxes serve to promote the economic, social and political goals of the state.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2020, 3, 1; 720--731
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
RYZYKO PODATKOWE ROZLICZEŃ WIRTUALNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE TRANSAKCJI HYIP
Tax risk of internet settlements exemplified by HYIP transaction
Autorzy:
Biernacki, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
investment
tax
tax risk
Opis:
Nowadays Internet allows to make settlements in virtual currency, which can be exemplified by HYIP transaction. This abbreviation means High Yield Investment Programs and provides the possibility to invest for short periods with high rate of return. However, achieving income results in the necessity to tax such a gain. Because of the methodology of calculation of Polish taxes, especially income taxes, virtual settlements generate tax risk in three areas: subject, object and formal requirements of the taxation. In conclusion this tax risk may negatively influence the development of such investments in virtual space.
Źródło:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach; 2014, 1(18); 11-18
2080-5993
2449-9811
Pojawia się w:
Financial Sciences. Nauki o Finansach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dohody v daňovom prave
Autorzy:
Babčák, Vladimír
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147481.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax law
tax contracts
Opis:
The article deals with the problems of contracts concluded in the area of tax law between tax administrators and tax subjects. The background for an examination of this matter is the understanding of tax law as a new, independent branch of law, which is a part of the legal system of Slovak republic. Tax law is also considered as a branch of public law. Furthermore, the author analyses the question of legal nature of contracts concluded by the bodies of public administration with other bodies of public administration, or with legal and natural persons. These contracts are defined as public law contracts or administrative contracts. Based on this knowledge we can define the relationship towards tax law contracts, which we can consider as public law contracts. In the final part of the article, the author deals with the legal nature of the contract between tax administrator and tax subject concerning tax designation and concerning delivering. He points out the problems which could occur in the application practice with legal enforcement of obligations resulting from these contracts.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2008, 1(1); 123-129
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasady postępowania podatkowego a gwarancje praw podatnika na przykładzie wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych
Principles of Tax Restrictions and Warranties of Tax Rights on the Example of Selected Judgments of Administrative Courts
Autorzy:
Sygut, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/596235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
Tematy:
taxes; tax procedure; tax ordinance; tax rules
Opis:
This paper presents the issue of guaranteeing the rights of taxpayers based on tax rules. The objective of the research is to analyze the situation of taxpayers in terms of their use of the rights guaranteed by the procedural rules of tax law. The analysis was made based on the content of selected judgments of administrative courts. The general principles of conduct are the backbone of the whole system, making it easier to understand the meaning of the other specific solutions. In cases of legal uncertainty, conflict of laws or interpretative ambiguity, they indicate the direction of the interpretation of the law. This direction is a translation of legal doubts in a manner consistent with a general principle, which is most strongly associated with a given norm. All exceptions to a general principle must be interpreted strictly or even narrowly. According to the case law of the administrative courts, the procedural guarantees of the taxpayer, which are institutions that provide real action in the life of every citizen, are directly related to procedural law, whose norms permit the realization of material and legal norms. According to the courts controlling the legality of decisions made by the tax authorities, the real and perceived civic rights of the citizen, including the right to a fair and open hearing, are derived from procedural safeguards, their scope, quality and quantity. At the same time, the provisions on tax treatment can be interpreted more flexibly than substantive law, on condition that it does not thereby undermine their guarantee function regarding the legal status of the taxpayer. In the design of general principles, particularly in inquiries under an inquisitorial model, noticeable is the accentuation of the duties incumbent on the bodies conducting the proceedings and the assurances of the party’s rights in these proceedings. Illustratively, they are even referred to as a condensed form of procedural safeguards, and the procedural principle must have specific performance guarantees that determine its practical role in the process.
Niniejsze opracowanie przedstawia problematykę gwarancji praw przysługujących podatnikom w oparciu o zasady postępowania podatkowego. Założonym celem badawczym jest analiza sytuacji podatników pod kątem wykorzystywania przez nich praw zagwarantowanych w przepisach proceduralnego prawa podatkowego oraz przepisach Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Analizy dokonano na podstawie treści wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych. Zasady ogólne postępowania to kościec całego systemu pozwalający łatwiej zrozumieć sens pozostałych szczegółowych rozwiązań w procedurze podatkowej. W przypadkach wątpliwości prawnych, kolizji przepisów albo niejasności interpretacyjnych wskazują one kierunek wykładni przepisów. Ów kierunek to tłumaczenie wątpliwości prawnych w sposób zgodny z najsilniej związaną z daną normą zasadą ogólną, od której wszelkie wyjątki należy interpretować w sposób ścisły, a niekiedy nawet zawężający. Według orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych podatnicy mają do dyspozycji gwarancje procesowe, którymi są instytucje zapewniające rzeczywiste działanie w życiu każdego obywatela jego praw, i wynikają bezpośrednio z zakresu prawa procesowego. Przepisy proceduralnego prawa podatkowego pozwalają realizować normy materialno-prawne. Według sądów kontrolujących legalność rozstrzygnięć podejmowanych przez organy podatkowe, realny i odczuwalny przez obywatela zakres praw obywatelskich, w tym prawa do sprawiedliwego i jawnego rozpatrzenia sprawy, jest pochodną gwarancji procesowych, ich zakresu, jakości i ilości. Jednocześnie przepisy o postępowaniu podatkowym można interpretować w sposób bardziej elastyczny niż przepisy prawa materialnego pod tym tylko warunkiem, że nie narusza się w ten sposób ich funkcji gwarancyjnej w zakresie sytuacji prawnej podatnika. W konstrukcji zasad ogólnych, szczególnie w postępowaniach o modelu inkwizycyjnym, zauważalne jest akcentowanie obowiązków, jakie spoczywają na organach prowadzących postępowanie oraz gwarancji uprawnień strony w tym postępowaniu. Obrazowo określa się nawet, iż stanowią one skondensowaną formę gwarancji procesowych, a zasada procesowa musi posiadać określone gwarancje realizacji, które wyznaczają jej praktyczną rolę w procesie.
Źródło:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne; 2018, 107; 127-153
0081-6841
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of fairness as a criterion for the assessment of the personal income tax in Poland
Autorzy:
Lewkowicz-Grzegorczyk, Katarzyna Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax exemption
tax fairness
Opis:
Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the essence of tax justice in relation to the personal income tax in Poland. Research method – The realisation of the aim required using the method of descriptive and compa-rative analysis to assess the fairness of charging the personal income tax.Results – The results of the empirical study on the personal tax structure point to the progressive tax as the one which better fulfils the concept of tax justice. The common acceptance of the tax progression confirms the deeply rooted sense of vertical equity in the Polish society. According to this, higher taxes should be paid by the rich, while the less wealthy should be charged with lower taxes. Unfortunately, the structure of the personal income tax in Poland does not reflect this. On the basis of the evolution of the PIT tax structure, it is possible to determine flattening of the progression due to the introduction of the two-stage tax scale. What is more, one may experience frequent ethical doubts connected with tax exemptions, and especially with the rules of granting them.Originality / value / implications / recommendations – Author’s own evaluation of the personal income tax in terms of tax fairness.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2021, 4(106); 83-96
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
TAX PREFERENCES IN THE CZECH AND POLISH PERSONAL INCOME TAXES
Autorzy:
Burzec, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax preferences
comparative tax law
Opis:
Article presents tax preferences in Czech Republic and Poland in the comparative aproach. The aim of the comparative study is to show how particular problems can be tackled by different countries by different measures. Both in Poland and the Czech Republic it is possible to identify common problems in the area of the tax law. One of such problems is an appropriate shape of tax preferences within the income tax contruction. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate how Poland and the Czech Republic, by shaping tax preferences within the construction of the income tax, tackle the problem of the taxpayer’s ability to pay. Further, it is shown how the two countries, by means of tax instruments, supplement their policy in areas as important as pro-family policy, supporting subjects implementing public tasks, the pension system, policy on people with disabilities, and housing policy.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2017, 30, 3; 89-105
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The tax-free amount as an instrument for implementing the tax fairness principle
Autorzy:
Pomorska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1986837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
personal income tax
tax free amount
tax fairness
Opis:
This paper is devoted to analysis and evaluation of recent changes that have taken place in the structure of Polish personal income tax, with particular emphasis on tax-free amount. The main effect of these changes is the increase of the tax-free minimum in comparison to the level of subsistence minimum as well as the statutory obligation of the Minister of Finance to verify both these volumes. The authoress positively assesses the introduced changes, noting that they should be treated as an introduction to the discussion on a new model of taxation of natural persons in Poland.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2018, 10, 1; 193-215
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Luka w podatku od towarów i usług oraz sposoby jej ograniczania
Autorzy:
Małecka-Ziembińska, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/630273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
Value Added Tax (VAT), Tax gap, Tax fraud
Opis:
The study focuses on the concept and components of the tax gap. In addition, the article presents an estimate of the gap in the value added tax in the European Union for the years 2000-2013. With regard to the Poland, it also identifies the causes of the gap occurrence and actions aimed at reducing its size.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2017, 1; 45-60
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Standard Audit File for Tax (SAF‑T): An IT Tool for Tax System Tightening
Autorzy:
Macudziński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:
law
tax law
tax system
tax system tightening
tax audit
information technology
Opis:
This publication presents the current legal status in the area of using one of many IT tools in the tax system, namely the Single Audit File (SAF‑T).It contains historical conditions of SAF‑T introduction and some methods of tax evasion which should be eliminated with the help of this IT tool.The SAF‑T standards, technical requirements, characteristics and, consequently, the key role that it currently plays in the Polish tax system, have been assessed in detail.The penal and fiscal liability for non‑compliance with reporting obligations regarding this form of tax reporting has not been omitted.
Źródło:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa; 2018, 5; 107-120
2543-6961
Pojawia się w:
Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza i ocena regulacji uszczelniających system opodatkowania dochodów przedsiębiorców w Polsce w latach 2015–2019
Analysis and assessment of the regulations aiming at sealing the system of taxing entrepreneurs’ income in Poland in 2015–2019
Autorzy:
Felis, Paweł
Szymański, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2897639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
personal income tax
corporate income tax
tax gap
sealing the tax system
Opis:
The article looks at the legal solutions adopted in 2015–2019 in Poland in order to tighten the tax system. In the field of income taxes, these were anti-abusive regulations, securing the tax system in a general way, as well as targeting specific tax avoidance schemes. The first part of the article discusses the factors determining fiscal efficiency which is the main criterion adopted in the study. In the next part the most important tax solutions sealing the system are presented. In the third part an attempt was made, using a number of indicators, to answer the question whether the observed increase in tax revenues from corporate income taxes can be attributed to the anti-abusive measures which were taken. Based on the conducted research, it has been shown that the decreasing tax gap is the result of the improvement in tax collection effectiveness in connection with the adopted sealing measures.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2020, 4(64); 69-94
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reforms to the Israeli income tax
Autorzy:
Tzarfati, Beny
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2207117.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-02-17
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
Tematy:
income tax
reforms
tax base
tax rate
Israel
Income Tax Ordinance
Opis:
Income tax is a major component of state revenues, earmarked to finance the services provided by the government. Income taxes have a significant impact, among other things, on economic growth and income distribution. According to economic theory, personal income tax—perceived as progressive tax—is the main policy tool of the governments of developed countries and is aimed at reducing inequality in income distribution. The Israeli in- come tax has been through major reforms in the last decade and a half. These reforms include a reduction in income tax exemp- tions, steadily decreasing tax rates, simplification of tax calculation rules, reallocation of resources from the public and revenue sharing by reducing the income tax burden on the middle classes, a transfer from territorially based taxation of income earned or accrued in Israel to personally based taxation of income of Israeli residents, regardless of the place of earning the income. The result of changing the tax system and the transition to taxation on a personal basis means, in practice, an expansion of the tax base in Israel. This paper aims to describe the income tax prior to the reforms and the major reforms that had taken place up to 2017.
Źródło:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance; 2022, 6, 2; 7-22
2543-6430
Pojawia się w:
Research Papers in Economics and Finance
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gloss to the Supreme Court’s decision of 15 June 2022, II CSKP 509/22
Autorzy:
Rzewuski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-15
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Tax
tax law
system of taxation
real estate acquisition tax
real estate transfer tax
tax administration
Opis:
This paper is an attempt at a polemic with the position of the Supreme Court expressed in the cassation case II CSKP 509/22. The subject matter discussed in the paper is of great importance, particularly from a practical point of view, and concerns the issue of the (im)possibility of establishing the date of a will in a situation where doubts arise as to the relation of this will to another will which is dated. The considerations take into account not only the achievements of Polish doctrine, but also - for the sake of comparison and in order to find the best possible model for proceedings in this type of case - the solutions functioning in foreign legal systems (mainly German and French).
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2022, 51, 4; 237-248
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Daňová exekúcia u podnikateľov – daňových dlžníkov
Autorzy:
Moskvičová, Mária
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
tax debtors
tax execution
Opis:
Tax execution is an important tax-law institution, which was established in Slovakia effective 1.September 1999. It is necessary to understand it as a part of tax execution pursuance, which became a part of the tax-law institution from the above mentioned date, before this date this particular law was not known. This institution was replaced then invoked the enforcement of tax underpayments. It is necessary to understand tax execution as an enforced dispensation, which is used for enforcement in order to collect tax underpayments or reduce tax underpayments, fulfilment of financial payments as imposed by this law and also compensation to cover the cost of executional expense as required by this law. In this article the author explains more methods of practising tax execution, which is imposed against tax debtors – entrepreneurial subjects. These methods can be found in statute number 511/1992 code book concerning tax and payments and also changes in regional financial institutions which are found in the most recent regulations.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2009, 3(3); 69-74
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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