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Tytuł:
Vergleichen und Gegenüberstellen als Bewertungsstrategien am Beispiel des Deutschen und des Polnischen
Comparing and contrasting as evaluation strategies, as exemplified by German and Polish
Autorzy:
Błachut, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1291293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
kommunikative Grammatik
Redeabsicht
Vergleichen
Gegenüberstellen
Bewerten
Kommunikationsstrategien
sprachliche Ausdrucksmittel
communicative grammar
speech intention
comparing
contrasting
evaluation
communicative strategies
means of expression.
Opis:
Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet darüber, mit welchen Ausdrucksmitteln das Vergleichen und das Gegenüberstellen im Deutschen und im Polnischen realisiert werden können. Im theoretischen Teil werden das Vergleichen und das Gegenüberstellen als kommunikative Verfahren der Sachverhaltsübermittlung dargestellt, denen sich auch eine Bewertungsfunktion im konkreten Situationszusammenhang zuschreiben lässt. In der Diskussion wird – in Übereinstimmung mit den Engelschen funktional‑kommunikativen Ansätzen in der Grammatik (z.B. Engel 1990, 2013) – von den Redeabsichten ausgegangen. Im empirischen Teil wird anhand konkreter Beispiele eine Übersicht erstellt, die Äußerungen nach den Redeabsichten (also dem, „was“ man sagen will) und nach den typischen sprachlichen Ausdrucksmitteln (dem, „wie“ man es sagen kann) beschreibt und diskutiert.
This study aims to show which words and grammatical structures can be used for comparing and contrasting in German and Polish. In the theoretical section, comparing and contrasting are presented as the communication tactics which can also reflect the evaluation of the language user of the facts s/he is speaking about. Speech intentions are the starting point here, according to the communicative‑functional approach to grammar (e.g. Engel 1990, 2013). In the empirical section, an overview is created by means of concrete examples, which shows and discusses statements according to the speech intentions (thus, the question will be asked as to “what” the speaker wants to say) and to the typical grammatical structures can be used (thus, “how” the speaker actually says it).
Źródło:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia; 2018, 39; 216-228
1230-6045
Pojawia się w:
Studia Germanica Gedanensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving Image Sharpness by Surface Recognition
Autorzy:
Zerbino, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
cellular automata
image contrasting
sharpness
correct gradient
logical correction of colors
neocognitron
Opis:
The article proposes a rule for improving image sharpness and analyzes its implementation by means of the cellular automata formalism and neural networks. It has been proved, that the previously known contrasting algorithm, which uses a template and 3x3 pixels, can be improved considerably by repeatedly applying the iterative process over templates 2x2 with the rule "anti - blur" ( C 11 = C 11 x F - ( C 12 + C 21 + C 22) x S ) and gradient color correction at each step after the "anti - blur". Colors of images in the template are presented as real numbers (R, G, B). To correct the gradient (C11 < C12, C11 < C21, C11
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2019, 8, 2; 39-44
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The double-edged sword of RP: the contrasting roles of a pronunciation model in both native and non-native environments
Autorzy:
Ježek, Miroslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/969659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-10-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:
Received Pronunciation (RP) is often studied as the pronunciation model in Great Britain and non-English-speaking countries separately. What my paper focuses on is the duality with which RP is essentially endowed: the role(s) in which it has to satisfy the needs of both native and non-native speakers of English. Whilst the claim that RP has changed recently goes unchallenged, the issue of reflecting these changes in the preferred transcription models is hotly debated. Upton’s model of RP is one that does include several new symbols, motivated by an attempt to ‘ensure that the description of a late twentieth century version the accent […] looks forward to the new millennium rather than back at increasingly outmoded forms’ (2001:352). I discuss the feasibility of adopting Upton’s model of RP as the pronunciation model in non-English speaking countries, where it is desirable to resolve the paradox that ‘most of our teaching is aimed at young people, but the model we provide is that of middle-aged or old speakers’ (Roach 2005: 394). The observations I make are largely based on my MA research, which is now being modified for the purposes of my Ph.D. I asked undergraduate students of English in England and the Czech Republic to evaluate seven voices ranging from the clearly regional to the unquestionably RP. The objective was to discover which sounds are considered to fall within the scope of RP by students in both countries, which approach avoids treating RP as though it were to include only the sounds ‘allowed by a preconceived model’ (Upton 2000: 78). Further, the respondents were asked to comment on the most salient features in the recordings: what they opted to comment on reveals a marked difference in the role of RP as a model accent in the given countries. Societies which lack a prestigious non-regional accent are often oblivious to the social connotations RP carries. Whilst it seems technically impossible to replace the model accent in all teaching materials all over the world, creating awareness of the fact that a rather outmoded model of RP found in many textbooks may not always be the best option is a necessary step towards ensuring that non-English speaking students are not only understood but that their speech will attract no adverse judgements.
Źródło:
Research in Language; 2012, 10, 2; 133-142
1731-7533
Pojawia się w:
Research in Language
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effectiveness of feminine and masculine leadership styles in relation to contrasting gender’s performances
Skuteczność kobiecych i męskich stylów przywództwa w odniesieniu do dokonań płci
Autorzy:
Faizan, R.
Nair, S. L. S.
Haque, A. U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406044.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
cross-cultural comparison
contrasting economies
gender
masculine leadership
feminine leadership
porównania międzykulturowe
kontrastujące gospodarki
płeć
przywództwo męskie
przywództwo kobiece
Opis:
This paper focuses on the impact and effectiveness of feminine and masculine styles of leadership on contrasting genders in four different economies namely; India, Canada, Pakistan, and United Kingdom’s IT Sector. By combining probability and non-probability sampling techniques, the data has been gathered from 248 respondents via semi-structured 5-points scale survey questionnaire. The findings have shown that employees irrespective gender are significant positively affected by feminine leadership style. Additionally, in developing countries; Pakistan and India there is significant use of feminine leadership while developed economies namely; Canada and the UK have higher preference for masculine leadership style. Nevertheless, overall male workers do not have higher preference to work under masculine leadership style while females have higher preference for both masculine and feminine leadership styles. Interestingly, feminine style of leadership is highly demonstrated by males in Pakistan while in other three economies, it is exhibited by female line-managers. Moreover, female line-managers in the UK have shown higher masculine style of leadership in contrast to other economies. There is significant positive relationship between style of leadership and contrasting genders in distinctive economies. Additionally, feminine leadership style is more effective than the masculine leadership style. Feminine leaders demonstrate higher people-orientation and participative style of management whereas masculine leaders rely on task-orientation and autocratic style.
Artykuł koncentruje się na wpływie i skuteczności kobiecych i męskich stylów przywództwa w czterech różnych gospodarkach, a mianowicie sektorze IT w Indiach, Kanadzie, Pakistanie i Wielkiej Brytanii. Łącząc techniki próbkowania z doborem losowym i nielosowym, dane zebrano od 248 respondentów za pomocą półstrukturyzowanego 5-punktowego kwestionariusza ankiety. Ustalenia wykazały, że pracownicy bez względu na płeć pozostają pod znacznym pozytywnym wpływem stylu kobiecego przywództwa. W krajach rozwijających się - w Pakistanie i Indiach aktywnie wykorzystuje się kobiece przywództwo, podczas gdy w gospodarkach rozwiniętych, w Kanadzie i Wielkiej Brytanii preferuje się męski styl przywództwa. Co ciekawe, badanie wykazało, że kobiecy styl przywództwa jest wysoce popierany przez mężczyzn w Pakistanie, podczas gdy w innych trzech gospodarkach jest demonstrowany przez kobiecych menedżerów linii. Co więcej, menedżerowie liniowi w Wielkiej Brytanii, jako dominujący, wykazali męski styl przywództwa w przeciwieństwie do innych gospodarek. Istnieje wyraźna pozytywna zależność między stylem przywództwa a płcią w odróżniających się gospodarkach. Ponadto kobiecy styl przywództwa jest bardziej skuteczny niż męski. Kobiety, jako przywódcy demonstrują wyższy orientacyjny i partycypacyjny styl zarządzania, podczas gdy męscy liderzy polegają na stylu zadaniowym i autokratycznym.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2018, 17, 1; 78-92
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seedling recruitment in peat bogs in contrasting hydrologic conditions
Autorzy:
Ejankowski, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
Betula pubescens
ground water level
seedling
peat bog
hydrological condition
disturbance
Pinus sylvestris
Opis:
The study examined the effect of variation in hydrology on seedling recruitment of shrubs, trees and herbs in peat bogs. The establishment of plants and hydrologic conditions were followed in two peatlands in the Polesie Zachodnie region, Eastern Poland. Meteorological conditions in the study sites ranged from very dry (2006) to very wet (2007) and strongly affected ground water level in the bogs. The emergence of woody species typical for advanced vegetation succession was higher in forest-bog, while the recruitment of typical peat bog plants was higher in open bog. Disturbance in the vegetation positively influencedemergence of typical peat bog species and Betula pubescens, but the effect was only foundin the dry year. Only in Pinus sylvestris did recruitment increase in wet seasons. The results suggested that an increase in the number of woody species in peat bogs may be enhanced during relatively wet seasons and that disturbance in the vegetation cover are not required for seedling recruitment of these plants.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2010, 64
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A relationship between occupational stress and organisational commitment of IT sector’s employees in contrasting economies
Związek pomiędzy stresem zawodowym a zaangażowaniem organizacyjnym pracowników sektora IT w kontrastujących gospodarkach
Autorzy:
Haque, A. U.
Aston, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/405133.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
occupational stress
occupational therapists
organizational commitment
contrasting economies
layers of management
social support
stres zawodowy
terapeuci zajęciowi
zaangażowanie organizacyjne
kontrastowe gospodarki
warstwy zarządzania
Opis:
Aim is to examine the relationship between occupational stress and organisational commitment of employees at middle and operational level. Additionally, the occupational therapists role is examined through self-developed ‘stress model’ containing perceived job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and distinctive stressors. Using purposive, snowball and convenience sampling 825 responses (403 from UK and 422 from Pakistan) gathered through on-line matrix based survey questionnaire to gain quantitative perspective. Findings showed female workers are less stress than male workers. Due to low social support, non-managerial employees are vulnerable to stress than their counterpart managerial position employees. Furthermore, Pakistani workforce experience greater stress than UK workforce does. Moreover, personal factors stressed females while organisational factors affect males. Personality often hinders females’ organisational commitment while role demand and organisational leadership mainly affect male employees in both countries. Females use support more often than males for overcoming stress. Managerial position males have higher affective commitment whereas managerial level females have high normative commitment and continuance commitment. Although, degree of stress is higher in Pakistan comparing to UK but causes and effects are not significantly different.
Artykuł prezentuje relacje pomiędzy stresem zawodowym i zaangażowaniem organizacyjnym pracowników na poziomie średnim i operacyjnym. Autorzy proponują „model stresu”, w którym ujęte zostały następujące czynniki: satysfakcję z pracy, zaangażowanie organizacyjne i charakterystyczne czynniki stresowe. W badaniu zastosowano metodę „kuli śnieżnej” oraz metodę doboru wygodnego. W badaniach ankietowych uczestniczyli pracownicy sektora IT z Wielkiej Brytanii i Pakistanu. Badanie miało na celu uzyskanie niezbędnych informacji do prawidłowego prowadzenia procesu terapii zajęciowej dla tej grupy zawodowej. Badanie wykazało, że poziom stresu jest wyższy w Pakistanie w porównaniu do Wielkiej Brytanii, jego przyczyny i skutki nie różnią się znacząco.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2016, 14, 1; 95-105
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contrasting patterns in the evolution of the Rab GTPase family in Archaeplastida
Autorzy:
Petrzelkova, R.
Elias, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/59340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Tematy:
evolution
Archaeplastida
Rab GTPase
endocytosis
Glaucophyta
Rhodophyta
primary plastid
Opis:
Rab GTPases are a vast group of proteins serving a role of master regulators in membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. Previous studies delineated some 23 Rab and Rab-like paralogs ancestral for eukaryotes and mapped their current phylogenetic distribution, but the analyses relied on a limited sampling of the eukaryotic diversity. Taking advantage of the recent growth of genome and transcriptome resources for phylogenetically diverse plants and algae, we reanalyzed the evolution of the Rab family in eukaryotes with the primary plastid, collectively constituting the presumably monophyletic supergroup Archaeplastida. Our most important novel findings are as follows: (i) the ancestral set of Rabs in Archaeplastida included not only the paralogs Rab1, Rab2, Rab5, Rab6, Rab7, Rab8, Rab11, Rab18, Rab23, Rab24, Rab28, IFT27, and RTW (=Rabl2), as suggested previously, but also Rab14 and Rab34, because Rab14 exists in glaucophytes and Rab34 is present in glaucophytes and some green algae; (ii) except in embryophytes, Rab gene duplications have been rare in Archaeplastida. Most notable is the independent emergence of divergent, possibly functionally novel, in-paralogs of Rab1 and Rab11 in several archaeplastidial lineages; (iii) recurrent gene losses have been a significant factor shaping Rab gene complements in archaeplastidial species; for example, the Rab21 paralog was lost at least six times independently within Archaeplastida, once in the lineage leading to the “core” eudicots; (iv) while the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa has retained the highest number of ancestral Rab paralogs among all archaeplastidial species studied so far, rhodophytes underwent an extreme reduction of the Rab gene set along their stem lineage, resulting in only six paralogs (Rab1, Rab2, Rab6, Rab7, Rab11, and Rab18) present in modern red algae. Especially notable is the absence of Rab5, a virtually universal paralog essential for the endocytic pathway, suggesting that endocytosis has been highly reduced or rewired in rhodophytes.
Źródło:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2014, 83, 4
0001-6977
2083-9480
Pojawia się w:
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Motivation and emotion in the EFL learning experience of Romanian adolescent students: Two contrasting cases
Autorzy:
Pavelescu, Liana Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
adolescent students
EFL
emotions
learning experience
motivation
Opis:
The aim of this study was to investigate the language learning motivation of two EFL teenage students in Romania and the link between motivation and the emotional dimensions of these adolescents’ learning experiences. While language learning motivation has been widely researched, its relationship with emotion in the learning experience has not been examined in depth thus far. To gain deep insight into this relationship, the present study used various qualitative methods: a written task, multiple semi-structured interviews with the students and their teachers, and prolonged lesson observation. The findings showed that the learners’ motivation and emotions were closely intertwined in their learning experiences in idiosyncratic ways. Mika (pseudonym) experienced the prevalent emotion of love of English and was a highly motivated learner. In her out-of-class learning experience, her motivation was linked to her emotions towards her favorite singer. In her classroom learning experience, her motivation was shaped by her teacher’s encouragement and support. Kate (pseudonym) did not reportedly experience a dominant emotion towards English and had a rather weak motivation. The absence of an expressed dominant emotion towards English was linked to her classroom learning experience before high school, namely to her teacher’s lack of encouragement, which hindered her motivation. By focusing on two contrasting cases of learners, this study has foregrounded the role of the emotional aspects of the language learning experience in shaping motivation, showing how strong positive emotions enhance and sustain motivation and how the lack of such emotions hinders motivation.
Źródło:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2019, 9, 1; 55-82
2083-5205
2084-1965
Pojawia się w:
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cultural congruency and shocking buzz campaigns: contrasting the opinions of professionals and consumers
Autorzy:
BEN YAHIA, Karim
TOUITI, Soukeina
TOUZANI, Mourad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
buzz
cultural congruency
values
religion
taboo
Opis:
Buzz marketing in social networks is often seen by announcers as an opportunity to reach the biggest audience. However, the risk of failure of buzz campaigns proves not to be negligible and its consequences may be serious for the company. In order to succeed in such buzz campaigns, this research study focuses on cultural aspects, and more particularly on the central role of cultural congruency. To explore these aspects, a qualitative study, based on 36 face-to-face interviews with marketing professionals/advertisers and consumers, has been carried out. The results highlight the importance of cultural values for consumers in Arab-Muslim countries, especially when buzz marketing campaigns touch the taboos. Terms used in the advertisement are also decisive in the success of a buzz campaign.
Źródło:
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets; 2016, 1(3); 20-33
2449-6634
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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