Temat: wczesnośredniowieczne - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Skarby wczesnośredniowiecznego Śląska w kontekście znalezisk wielkopolskich
Hoards of Early Medieval Silesia in the Context of Finds from Greater Poland
Autorzy:: Butent-Stefaniak, Barbara
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532239.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2014
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: srebro
skarby srebrne
skarby wczesnośredniowieczne monety
wczesnośredniowieczne
denary
silver
silver hoards
early medieval hoards
early medieval coins
denars
Opis:: At least 110 sites with finds of early medieval coins have been recorded so far in Silesia. These include 62 hoards, 29 graves, 22 settlements and 14 stray and undefined. Finds from Greater Poland were much more numerous, as in 2010 their number amounted to as many as 237, including about 160 hoards. The earliest Silesian finds of early medieval coins are dated to the first half of the 10thc. At the settlement in Wszemirów, 3 fragments of dirhams minted after 914 were found. The earliest find, coming from an unknown locality (Śląsk XIII), contained (apart from illegible fragments of dirhams) a small part of an English coin of Athelstan (924–939). Other deposits, containing exclusively Oriental coins are dated to after 942/3 (Śląsk XIV) and after 954 (Sośnica). West European coins are primarily German denars from the Bavarian- Swabian circle, and they appeared in assemblages dated to the 970s (Obiszów, Niemcza). Silesian hoards from the 10th c. also contained considerable numbers of Bohemian coins, cross denars, various German coins, a somewhat lower number of Danish half-bracteates, single English, Italian and French specimens, as well as Ancient Roman denars. Apart from coins, there were also ornaments and silver raw materials, sometimes blanks (usually strongly fragmented). The weight of these assemblages oscillates between c. 7 g to 1.140 g, while the average weight is c. 100–600 g. 10th c. hoards from Greater Poland represent at least 42 finds. The earliest ones appear as early as the second quarter of this century (e.g. Piwonice, Ochle, Gościejewice). Other ones are dated to the 950s and 960s. the earliest assemblages contain exclusively Oriental coins and jewellery. Earlier on in Silesia, that is, in the 950s, the first West European denars occur in deposits, apart from dirhams. Such denars come from Cologne and Bavaria (Kuźnica Czarnkowska, Grzybowo, Gwiazdowo). In somewhat later assemblages there are also Bohemian, English, Danish and Italian cross denars, Byzantine milliarenses, single Ancient Roman denars or French coins. However, the ratio of dirhams is still somewhat higher than in Silesia. Apart from coins, jewellery and silver raw materials occur, and they are less fragmented than in Silesia. The weight of Greater Poland’s deposits from this period is from c. 7 g to 15 kg of silver (Dzierżnica II), c. 200–600 g being the average range of weight.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2014, 13; 39-48
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Monety odkryte w obiektach na stanowisku Giecz 10 w latach 2014-2019
The coins discovered on the Giecz site 10 in the years 2014-2019
Autorzy:: Pisula, Norbert
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044578.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Giecz
stanowisko Giecz 10
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
monety wczesnośredniowieczne
Giecz 10 site
an early medieval burial ground
early medieval coins
Opis:: Podczas badań archeologicznych prowadzonych w latach 2014-2019 na stanowisku Giecz 10 natrafi ono na cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne. Z odkrytych na stanowisku 385 numizmatów 16 znajdowało się w obiektach archeologicznych (w tym 14 wewczesnośredniowiecznych grobach). Celem pracy jest rozpoznanie odkrytych w obiektach monet i próba określenia chronologii cmentarzyska na podstawie ich datowania.
During archaeological research conducted in the years 2014-2019 on the Giecz site 10, an early medieval burial ground was found. 385 old coins were discovered, out of which 16 were located in archaeological sites (of which 14 are in early medieval graves). The aim of the study is to recognize the coins discovered in the features and to assess the chronology of the burial ground on the basis of their dating
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2021, 20; 197-214
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Od tamy szkieletowej do wału obronnego na Ostrowie Tumskim w Poznaniu – uwagi o konstrukcji najmłodszej linii umocnień
From a timber frame dam to a defensive bank on Ostrów Tumski in Poznan – comments on the structure of the youngest line of the fortifications
Autorzy:: Sikora, Mateusz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164846.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018-06-30
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:: Poznan
early-medieval banks
hydrotechnical devices
Poznań
wały wczesnośredniowieczne
urządzenia hydrotechniczne
Opis:: The article contains an analysis of woven fascines located under the northern part of the early-medieval defensive banks on Ostrów Tumski in Poznan. The structures, similar to the contemporary timber frame structures, had the task of accumulating the material (sand) carried by the river along the line of the planned fortifications. The author analysed woven fascines located under the northern piece of the defensive banks of the Poznan stronghold (registered at the 5 Posadzego site) and identified them as remains of hydro-technical infrastructure. The structures, similar to the contemporary timber frame structures, had the task of accumulating the material (sand) carried by the river along the line of the planned defensive banks. Similar structures had been discovered in the northern part of the 17 Ostrów Tumski site yet their function was not identified. The author also presents the chronology of the specific phases of the bank construction (based on the results of tree-ring-dating) and structure elements (pilots, starlings, the bank’s turn, stone founda¬tions). This is also an indication of an intended constructing the Poznan cathedral as the possible reason for extending the range of the fortifications around 980.
Źródło:: Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2018, 2 (17); 68-85
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:: Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Wczesnośredniowieczne monety z X i XI w. w zbiorach Ossolineum
Coins of the 10th and 11th Centuries in the Collection of the Ossolinski National Institute (Ossolineum)
Autorzy:: Butent-Stefaniak, Barbara
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089960.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: Ossolineum
early medieval coinage
hoards
mennictwo wczesnośredniowieczne
skarby
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Źródło:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2020, 64; 213-230
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne w Gieczu, stan. 10, woj. wielkopolskie - wyniki badań z lat 2014-2019
Early medieval burial ground in Giecz, site 10, Wielkopolska Voivodeship – the results of the research from the years 2014-2019
Autorzy:: Miciak, Magda
Agnew, Amanda M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044582.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Giecz
stan. 10
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
wyposażenie grobowe
the early medieval burial ground
grave goods
Opis:: Artykuł prezentuje dotychczasowe wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na cmentarzysku wczesnośredniowiecznym, na stanowisku Giecz 10. W ciągu sześciu sezonów badawczych odkryto tam 133 pochówki wczesnośredniowieczne, wśród których szczególną uwagę zwracają groby z konstrukcjami drewnianymi lub w obstawie kamiennej, groby o nietypowym ułożeniu zmarłego (pozycja podkurczona na boku lub pozycja na brzuchu), groby o odmiennej orientacji oraz groby zawierające podwójne pochówki kobiet z małymi dziećmi. W większości z nich odkryto wyposażenie grobowe w postaci monet, ozdób lub przedmiotów codziennego użytku (w tym egzemplarze o unikalnym charakterze), które – wraz z analizami 14C, wykonanymi dla 7 pochówków – pozwalają określić chronologię cmentarzyska na okres od początku XI wieku (być może nawet końca X) do wieku XIII.
The article presents the results of the research conducted so far on the early medieval burial ground at site 10 in Giecz. Over six seasons of research, 133 early medieval graves have been discovered. Graves of wooden construction or encased in stone, as well as graves with an unusual arrangement (the deceased bent on the side and on the stomach), with different orientation, or double graves of women with small children draw particular attention. In the majority of graves, grave goods were found such as coins, ornaments or household items (including pieces of unique character). These finds – together with 14C analyses conducted for 7 graves – made it possible to determine the chronology of the burial ground to the period dating from the beginning of the 11th century (or even the end of the 10th century) till the 13th century.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2021, 20; 125-195
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Znalezisko późnorzymskiej fibuli na wczesnośredniowiecznym grodzisku w Zbuczu koło Hajnówki – kontynuacja tradycji czy przypadkowa zguba?
A Late Roman Fibula from the Early Medieval Hillfort in Zbucz near Hajnówka – Continuation of a Tradition or an Accidental Loss?
Autorzy:: Krasnodębski, Dariusz
Mizerka, Jagoda
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551151.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-01-28
Wydawca:: Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:: okres wpływów rzymskich
kultura wielbarska
grodzisko wczesnośredniowieczne
fibula
Roman Period
Wielbark Culture
medieval hillfort
Opis:: The basin of the Upper Narew River is home to one of the most interesting features connected with the early medieval Mazovian-Ruthenian borderland – the hillfort in Zbucz (site 3, AZP 45-89/4). It consists of an earthen embankment with a height of 1 to 2.5 m and average width of up to 10 m, surrounding a flat, 80-m-diameter courtyard entered from the south (Fig. 1, 2). During five excavation seasons, 10 trial trenches were explored and a non-invasive magnetic prospection was carried out (D. Krasnodębski, W. Małkowski 2018). The results obtained indicate two phases of construction of the fortifications. The main wood-and-earth rampart, reinforced from the outside with clay, was built in the 970s, then the fortifications were partially rebuilt no later than at the end of the 10th/beginning of the 11th century. Inside the hillfort, at the foot of the rampart, there was a shallow ditch in which small fragments of burnt human and animal bones were found. Moreover, several metal objects had been purposefully placed there: a bronze bracelet, a two-piece iron bit, an iron ‘horseshoe’, a C-shaped fire-steel, and two whole clay vessels (D. Krasnodębski, H. Olczak 2019, 95–96). This unusual collection of finds seems to indicate a special, perhaps cult/religious purpose for the ditch. On the outer side of the passageway leading to the hillfort, at a depth of about 0.7 m below the surface, a fragment of pavement (layer 234) formed by loosely distributed small stones embedded in clay was exposed directly on the virgin soil (Fig. 3–5). It is impossible to determine whether this pavement was located only within the gateway (meaning it would have to have been built during the construction of the rampart) or extended beyond it (thus being older than the hillfort). An incomplete fibula of group VI (Fig. 6), type A.161–162 (O. Almgren 1923, 77, pl. VII:161.162), with a narrow returned foot and a flat-convex section of the bow of 4.4 cm in length was found in this layer. Brooches type A.161–162 are found relatively frequently at Wielbark Culture sites in the Upper Narew and Middle Bug River basins. They are dated to the Late Roman Period – from phase C1a to C2 (K. Godłowski 1974, 29; R. Wołągiewicz 1974, 145; J. Jaskanis 1996, 111; J. Andrzejowski 2001, 257). This find is the only object from the Roman Period that has been discovered at the hillfort. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that an older cemetery or settlement, heretofore unknown, existed within a short distance of the hillfort. It should also be taken into account that the layer of stones on which the fibula was found may be the remains of a sub-barrow pavement (cf. J. Jaskanis 2012, 210). However, the lack of human bones and other artefacts from the Roman Period speaks against this interpretation. It is also possible that the pavement with the brooch is a remnant of a destroyed cult enclosure, similar to the one discovered in the Białowieża Forest in 2017 (Forestry Wilczy Jar 2, AZP 45-91/28). It consists of a small hill dating from the middle of the 3rd to the beginning of the 5th century, measuring about 17 m in diameter, and surrounded by an earthen rampart faced with stones. A layer with loosely scattered stones and burnt debris, containing fragments of ceramics and small burnt animal bones, was found on its grounds. If we consider both described places to be similar, we can assume that the ceremonial and cult role of the hillfort in Zbucz in the early Middle Ages may date back to the late Roman times.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 219-224
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne w Gieczu, stan. 10. Wstępne wyniki badań
Early medieval cemetery in Giecz, site. 10. Preliminary research results
Autorzy:: Miciak, Magda
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532006.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2017
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Giecz
wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko szkieletowe
XI–XIII w.
early medieval inhumation cemetery
eleventh-thirteenth centuries
Opis:: Discovered in 2013, the inhumation cemetery in Giecz, site 10, is the fourth funeral site related to the early medieval settlement complex that developed around one of the principal stronghold centres of the first Piast site. The cemetery is located about 500m north-west of the stronghold, near an early medieval settlement discovered during surface research in 1928. During three excavation seasons (2014–2016), 55 burials and several dozen settlement features from the period preceding the establishment of the cemetery were discovered and excavated at the site. In general, the graves were oriented along an east-west axis, forming a row system characteristic of early medieval cemeteries. The burial pits were distinct, mostly rectangular, with rounded corners, of varying dimensions. In a few cases, traces of wood were observed. These were interpreted as a formwork or a wooden construction framing the grave or a specific widening of a burial pit suggesting a remnant of the bier. The deceased were placed in an extended supine position, their heads mostly to the west, with arms folded along the body or on the pelvis. These rules were not always respected in the case of the graves of small children, but also several adults were positioned differently in graves (with the head facing east, flexed on the side or with the hand on the abdomen or the chest). Most of the burials were single, but a double grave was also discovered, in which a small child was later interred into in the grave of an adult woman. Grave goods were recovered from 31 burials. They were mainly everyday items (knives, buckets with iron rings, spindles or fragments of combs), coins and ornaments, among which noteworthy are two necklaces consisting of glass beads and semi-precious stones found in children’s graves. A very preliminary analysis of the grave goods (the excavated artefacts have not yet been subject to conservation) suggests that the cemetery functioned between the eleventh and the thirteenth centuries. Excavations at Giecz, site 10, are going to be continued under a research programme implemented by the Archaeological Reserve in Giecz in cooperation with the Slavia Foundation.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2017, 16; 39-59
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Kontekst archeologiczny miejsc odkrycia dwóch wczesnośredniowiecznych skarbów z południowej wielkopolski: z Jastrzębnik i starego miasta w Kaliszu
The archaeological context of the sites where two earlymedieval treasures from southern great Poland were discovered: Jastrzębniki and the old town in Kalisz
Autorzy:: Kędzierski, A.
Ziąbka, L.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/407582.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Instytut Badawczo-Rozwojowy Inżynierii Lądowej i Wodnej Euroexbud
Tematy:: wczesne średniowiecze
skarby srebrne
osadnictwo wczesnośredniowieczne
Early Middle Ages
silver treasures
early medieval settlement
Opis:: Z okresu wczesnego średniowiecza z terenu Wielkopolski było znane wiadomości na temat 140 znalezisk depozytów srebrnych: monet, ozdób i tzw. placków srebra. W wydanej w roku 2011 pracy Odkrycia skarbów wczesnośredniowiecznych z terenu Wielkopolski. Kontekst archeologiczny znalezisk autorzy Małgorzata i Mirosław Andrałojć, Patrycja Silska oraz Piotr Szyngiera na 74 znalezisk zweryfikowanych pozytyw nie, tylko cztery uznali za związane z wczesnośredniowiecznym osadnictwem. Niedawno odkryte dwa depozyty z Jastrzębnik koło Kalisza oraz Kalisza-Dobrzeca, ukryte pod koniec XI w. związane są ze współczesnym im osadnictwem.
There were 140 finds of silver deposits (coins, ornaments and pieces of silver) known to come from early medieval Great Poland. In the work published in 2011 called The discovery of early medieval treasures in the Great Poland area. The archaeological context of the find the authors, Małgorzata and Mirosław Andrałojć, Patrycja Silska and Piotr Szyngiera , considered only 4 of the 74 positively verified finds to be related to early medieval settlement. The two recently discovered deposits from Jastrzębniki near Kalisz and Kalisz-Dobrzec, which were hidden at the end of the 11th century, are related to the settlement at that time.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Lądowa i Wodna w Kształtowaniu Środowiska; 2015, 13; 56-65
2082-6702
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Lądowa i Wodna w Kształtowaniu Środowiska
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Opracowanie antropologiczne szczątków ludzkich z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska rzędowego w Gołuniu, stan. 23/24, woj. wielkopolskie
An Anthropological Analysis of Human Remains from the Early Medieval Row Cemetery in Gołuń, Site 23/24, the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
Autorzy:: Wrzesińska, Anna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532438.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Gołuń
cmentarzysko wczesnośredniowieczne
rzędowe
osteologia
paleopatologia
paleodemografia
Early Medieval cemetery
row cemetery
osteology
palaeopathology
palaeodemography
Opis:: The Early Medieval cemetery in Gołuń is archaeologically dated to the period from the end of the 10th c. to the mid-11th c. (Małgorzata Talarczyk-Andrałojć in this volume). The span of use of the cemetery was about 50 years. In the nearest neighbourhood there is no other uncovered and examined cemetery from this period. Only in the second half of the 11th c. did two cemeteries in a close vicinity commence to exist next to each other — Dziekanowice Site 2 and Dziekanowice Site 22. Both are situated on the eastern coast of Lake Lednica (to the north, c. 10 km from Gołuń). The anthropological analysis first of all concerned the age and sex assessment (of adult individuals) (Table 1), the structure of deaths for the examined cemetery (Table 2) and the reconstruction of intravital body height, done individually for each adult individual (Table 5; Table 6). Based on measurements of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs, the average intravital body height of the examined individuals was reconstructed. It was found that the inhumation burials and stray human bones belong to no less than 54 individuals. The bones of 5 individuals were found in 2007, while the bones of another 49 individuals were discovered in 2011 (Table 1). The group of children’s burials was composed of 10 skeletons (or skeleton fragments). Among these, 7 died at the age of Infans I, while three — at the age of Infans II (for one individual the age was assessed as 13–15 years, i.e., the end of Infans II and the beginning of Juvenis). 4 burials were classified as juvenile persons (the age of Juvenis): 3 of these were female burials and 1 was a male burial. 13 individuals died at the age of Adultus: 3 females and 10 males. Yet another burial was that of a woman who died at the age of Adultus–Maturus. 13 individuals died at the age of Maturus: 4 females and 9 males. One man died at the age of Maturus–Senilis. 7 persons: 3 females and 4 males died at the age of Senilis. Gender was assessed for 39 adult or juvenile individuals. 14 female individuals and 25 male individuals were isolated. For 5 individuals their age was assessed as “Adult” (Table 2). The state of health of the examined group can be assessed, with some approximation, on the basis of the changes which have come into existence in the bones [Gładykowska-Rzeczycka, Sokół 2000]. In the group of analysed skeletons, lesions of disease were found within 34 skeletons (Table 1), more often in male than female ones (22:10). Two skeletons with recorded lesions of disease belonged to children (Table 1). The bone material was measured using the anthropometric technique. Individual results for each person are offered in the Tables. A poor state of preservation of the bone material rendered most measurements impossible. The obtained results of intravital body height, separately for women and men, were compared with data for various Early Medieval skeleton series from the territory of Poland. The average height of female individuals (157.9 cm) and male individuals (169.3 cm) buried in the cemetery in Gołuń displays the greatest similarity to a series from Dziekanowice 2 (women 157.0 cm, men 170.1 cm) [Henneberg, Puch 1989: Table 7, p. 153]. We can assume that the group buried in the cemetery in Gołuń was remarkable for their considerable body heights. These values are higher than the average value of this trait in the Early Middle Ages in Poland (men — 165.7 cm, women — 153.6 cm) [Stolarczyk, Lorkiewicz 1993]. Thus, the body height of individuals from this population was above the average in this period. Thanks to the detailed anthropological analysis of the examined bone remains, it was possible to carry out a reconstruction of mortality processes in the group from Gołuń. The distribution of mortality of the examined group (Table 9) diverged from the mortality model which is typical for prehistoric populations [Henneberg, Strzałko 1975; Piontek 1979]. What is absent are evenly distributed frequencies of mortality of the adult individuals, and the frequency of mortality of children too is low (18.5%). If one assumes, however, that this is a reflection of the actual mortality conditions in the examined group, it would be necessary to state that the group from Gołyń does not significantly differ from other groups from the territory of Poland in terms of their biological condition. Differences in values of individual measures, i.e., the percentage of individuals who lived until the age of x (lx), the probability of death (qx), and the average further continuation of life of an individual at the age of x (eo x) (Table 9 and 11), confirm the observations of Janusz Piontek [1979] on the considerable diversification of biological conditions of local groups in historical periods. The anthropological analysis of even such a small and poorly preserved group can be a valuable contribution to the reconstruction of the structure and the age of the dead and the reconstruction of the biostructure of this population. Based on the nature of the changes, we are able to say that in spite of the fact that in a majority of cases the dead suffered from childhood diseases related to periodical malnutrition, they belonged to a “wealthy” group, whose living conditions were at least good. The adult population rather suffered from diseases progressing with age than from too onerous physical labour.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2015, 14; 177-237
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Pochodzenie mieszkańców grodu w Grzybowie (Wielkopolska) na podstawie badań izotopów strontu
The origin of the inhabitants of the gord in Grzybowo (Wielkopolska) based on strontium isotope studies
Autorzy:: Bełka, Zdzisław
Wrzesińska, Anna
Wrzesiński, Jacek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176152.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Grzybowo
środkowa Polska
early medieval graves
origin of human individuals
central Poland
groby wczesnośredniowieczne
pochodzenie ludzi
Opis:: Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań składu izotopowego strontu kości z trzech grobów szkieletowych odsłoniętych w latach 2018-2019 podczas badań grodziska w Grzybowie. Materiał badawczy stanowiły zęby ludzkie i zwierzęce, dla których określono skład izotopowy strontu 87Sr/86Sr. Sygnatury izotopowe zbadanych zębów trzonowych kobiety i mężczyzny z Grzybowa mieszczą się w wąskim zakresie pomiędzy 0,7116 a 0,7121 i są typowe dla osób zamieszkujących obszary Polski, na których odsłaniają się czwartorzędowe osady polodowcowe.
The article presents the results of a study of the strontium isotope composition of bones from three skeletal graves uncovered during the 2018-2019 survey of the Grzybowo settlement. The study material consisted of human and animal teeth, for which the isotopic composition of strontium 87Sr/86Sr was determined. The isotopic signatures of the examined molar teeth of a woman and a man from Grzybowo fall within a narrow range between 0.7116 and 0.7121 and are typical of people inhabiting the territory of Poland.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2022, 21; 275-283
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Kilka refleksji na temat prób rekonstrukcji wierzeń mieszkańców ziem polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu
Some Reflections on the Attempts to Reconstruct the Beliefs of the Inhabitants of the Polish Lands in the Early Middle Ages
Autorzy:: WAWRZENIUK, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047410.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-01-13
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:: pogaństwo słowiańskie, mitologia słowiańska, wczesnośredniowieczne wierzenia, obrzędy magiczne we wczesnym średniowieczu, wczesnośredniowieczne amulety, chrystianizacja Polski
Slavic paganism, Slavic mythology, early medieval beliefs, magical rites in the early Middle Ages, early medieval amulets, Christianization of Poland
Opis:: Mimo wysiłków badaczy reprezentujących liczne dyscypliny wierzenia mieszkańców ziem polskich przed przyjęciem chrześcijaństwa w dalszym ciągu nie zostały do końca poznane. Barierą nie do pokonania jest brak rodzimych źródeł pisanych, a te którymi dysponujemy, dotyczą tylko nielicznych aspektów pogaństwa słowiańskiego, głównie Połabia i Rusi. Źródła późniejsze z kolei ganią kult bóstw domowych oraz noszenie amuletów i opisują obrzędy magiczne. Niewielką też pomocą mogą służyć dane lingwistyczne, nieco więcej informacji dostarczają wyniki badań archeologicznych. Jednym z naczelnych bogów pogańskich Słowian był bóg pioruna będący personifikacją ognia niebiańskiego. Potwierdzono archeologicznie, że kult ten sprawowany był w świątyniach (na przykład na Wolinie i we Wrocławiu) i w halach kultowych (w Lubomi i w Chodliku). Ogień czczono również jako boga słońca, a pod ziemską postacią – jako ognisko domowe. Kronikarze średniowieczni wspominali o kulcie natury, której elementy mogły pełnić również rolę sanktuariów. Otaczano kultem szczyty gór i mniejszych wzniesień, na których konstruowano rowy i wały (przykładami mogą być: Góra Ślęża, Łysa Góra, Góra Lecha w Gnieźnie, Radzikowo na Mazowszu, Mołoczki na Podlasiu i Rowokół), symboliczne pierwsze grody, które budowano na wzniesieniach (np. w Haćkach), gaje (np. w Kleczanowie), pojedyncze drzewa czy wody, w których deponowano różne przedmioty (np. w Jeziorze Żarnowieckim) oraz związane z nimi plaże i wyspy kultowe (na Ostrowiu Lednickim i Jeziorze Zarańskim). Także kamienie, szczególnie duże okazy, otaczano specjalnymi względami, czego potwierdzeniem wydają się liczne późniejsze (co prawda) zapiski etnograficzne. Dużą rolę w wierzeniach mieszkańców ziem polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu odgrywały demony domowe, przeznaczenia lub rodu oraz duchy przodków, którym składano ofiary w obrębie domostwa i dbano o ich wygodę. Potwierdzają to również badania archeologiczne. Cennych informacji o wierzeniach przedchrześcijańskich dostarczają analizy grobów i cmentarzysk ciałopalnych, a także szkieletowych, ich konstrukcje i dary składane zmarłym przez żyjących krewnych. O dokonywaniu obrzędów na cmentarzach informują znajdywane tam pozostałości ognisk czy fragmenty naczyń glinianych, a także liczne kości zwierzęce. We wczesnym średniowieczu chętnie noszono amulety wykonywane przede wszystkim z roślin, kości i kłów zwierząt, a także z innych surowców o odpowiednio dobranym kształcie. Amuletem mógł być zresztą każdy odpowiednio przystosowany przedmiot. Analizując postępy chrystianizacji w tym okresie, niektórzy badacze uważają, że w świadomości większości mieszkańców ziem polskich ukształtował się system magiczno-wierzeniowy będący połączeniem starej pogańskiej tradycji obejmującej mity o niebie, słońcu, księżycu, gwiazdach, piorunach czy demonach z religią chrześcijańską.
The beliefs of the inhabitants of the Polish lands before the Christianization have not been scrutinized yet despite the efforts of researchers representing various disciplines. A major obstacle in the research is the lack of written native sources, while those which are available relate to only a small number of issues of Slavic paganism in the Polabian Slavs’ and Kievan Rus’ territories. Later sources include criticism of the worship of household gods by the Slavs; the authors criticize their habits of amulet wearing and describe their magical rites. While the linguistic data available is not of help to the researchers, archaeological research provides more information. Among the main gods worshipped by pagan Slavs was the thunder-god, which personified heavenly fire. Archaeologists have confirmed that the cult of the thunder-god was held in temples (e.g. in Wolin and in Wrocław) and in special cult halls (e.g. in Lubomia and in Chodlik). Fire was also worshipped as the god of the sun and, in its earthly shape, through the cult of the sacred fire place. Medieval chroniclers mention nature worship, and indeed natural phenomena also served as sacred places. Mountain tops and small hills on which trenches and shafts were constructed (e.g. on Mount Ślęża, on Mount Łysa Góra, on Mount Lech in Gniezno, in Radzikowo in Mazovia, in Mołoczki in Podlachia, and in Rowokół) were venerated. Other objects of veneration were the first ‘symbolic’ strongholds (in Haćki), groves (in Kleczanów), single trees, as well as ponds and lakes where artifacts were deposited (e.g. Lake Żarnowiec). Worship of beaches and of islands was also popular (e.g. in Ostrów Lednicki and in Lake Zarańskie). Later ethnographical evidence has demonstrated that stones, in particular large ones, were also worshiped. In the early Middle Ages inhabitants of the Polish lands believed in the existence of household, destination, lineage and ancestral demons: sacrifices were offered to them and their comfort was taken care of. These facts have also been confirmed by archaeological research. An important source of information on pre-Christian beliefs in the territories in question is provided by analyses of graves (of both cremation and inhumation types): of their construction as well as of the offerings for the dead made by their living kin. In the early Middle Ages amulets made predominantly from plants, bones and tusks of animals were frequently worn. Also other materials were used for making amulets, and special shapes were preferred. Actually, any object could serve as an amulet. While analyzing the progress of Christianization in the period in question, researchers have observed that the mentality of the inhabitants of the Polish lands was largely shaped by a magical-religious system of beliefs combining the old pagan tradition, with its myths about the sky, the sun, the moon, the stars, the thunders, and the demons, with the Christian religion.
Źródło:: Ethos; 2016, 29, 3 (115); 46-65
0860-8024
Pojawia się w:: Ethos
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Badania nad wczesnośredniowiecznymi zaprawami występującymi w posadzkach zabytkowych reliktów w Wiślicy
INVESTIGATIONS OF^EARLY MEDIEVAL MORTARS IN FLOORINGS FOUND IN MONUMENTAL RELICS AT WIŚLICA
Autorzy:: Ciach, Teresa Danuta
Osler, Stanisław
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539576.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1970
Wydawca:: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:: Wiślica
wczesnośredniowieczne zaprawy w Wiślicy
posadzki reliktów w Wiślicy
badania mikroskopowe
badania makroskopowe
posadzka ornamentowana
analiza termoróżnicowa
Opis:: The author presents the results o f investigations conducted on the courtyard floorings which have recently been discovered by Dr. Z. Wartołowska within an early medieval group of relics in the „Castle” area at Wiślica. Two fragments of the courtyard flooring have been discovered; one of them having th e thickness of about 12 cm, composed of fiv e different layers, and the other having the thickness of 9 cm, consisting o f four layers. The microscopic examinations, and both chemical and chemical-and-physical investigations have shown that in the earlier discovered fragment its first, i.e. the bottom layer consists o f a lime-and-sand mixture, the second and the third of gypsum whereas the fourth of lime-and-gypsum mixture, and the fifth, the top one, of gypsum alone. As the fillers in mortars present in the second to fifth layers were used m ixtures of different proportions containing the crushed gypsum stone, quartz sand and the fine organogenic lime chippings. In addition, in those mortars were present 2 to 5 per cent admixtures of pottery fragments, feldspar grains and also the fine-grained coal. Layers in the second fragment basically correspond to those characteristic for the first one with this only exception that the lime and lime-and-gypsum layers are absent. One from among the samples taken exhibited high crushing strength (amounting to 171— 211 kG/cm2) and a relatively high abrasion resistance (0,46 cm) thus evidencing its perfect state of preservation after good many centuries that passed since their production. On the basis of results obtained the ancient recipes could be reconstituted enabling the preparation of new samples and providing the possibility to subject them to the crushing strength tests. The high values obtained as result o f the above investigations and tests point to the perfect mastering of technology used for preparing of anhydrous gypsum mortars possessed by their makers in the early medieval period.
Źródło:: Ochrona Zabytków; 1970, 3; 197-209
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:: Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Microanalysis of Early Medieval Archaeological Objects Made of Silver Alloy
Mikroanaliza wczesnośredniowiecznych zabytków archeologicznych wykonanych ze stopu srebra
Autorzy:: Miśta-Jakubowska, Ewelina
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16066684.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:: Early Medieval silver
micro-analysis
provenance and technological study
archaeometallurgy
wczesnośredniowieczne srebro
mikroanaliza
badania proweniencji złożowej i technologicznej
archeometalurgia
Opis:: Modern archaeological research uses physico-chemical methods to answer questions beyond the scope of the conventional historian’s workshop. This applies to research on the borderline of fields, including material research into the elemental and isotopic composition of artefacts. The results of such analyses make it possible to address issues relating to the distribution of raw materials and the technology of artefact production. The paper discusses the SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-QMS micro-analysis methodology, addressing the limitations that result from the specification of techniques and the state of preservation of archaeological artefacts due to corrosion processes and conservation treatment. We present the preliminary results of technological research and provenance study of early medieval objects made of silver alloys, considered by typological group, i.e. coins, cake, and jewellery. Two hundred objects were analysed, revealing clear evidence for the use of remelted dirhams as the main source of raw material. The results of the research allowed for a material description of the phenomenon of the existence of cores in cross denarii, distinguishing two types of cores: based on copper and brass. In the case of jewellery, the research provided evidence for technological distinction, indicating the use of copper-based solders, as well as tin- and lead-based dolders, which have analogies in goldsmithing material from the Czech Republic. Recipes based on the marked composition are described in ancient sources. Silver cakes, on the other hand, can be divided into three extraction groups related to the degree of purification of the raw material. The preliminary results indicate that these objects were made of Asian dirhams and native lead, perhaps as an additive in the cupellation process.
We współczesnych badaniach zabytków archeologicznych metody fizykochemiczne wykorzystywane są w celu udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania wykraczające poza obszar zainteresowań konwencjonalnego warsztatu historyka. Dotyczy to badań na pograniczu dziedzin, w tym badań materiałowych pozwalających na określenie składu pierwiastkowego i izotopowego zabytków. Wyniki takich analiz pozwalają na przybliżenie zagadnień dotyczących dystrybucji surowców oraz technologii wykonania zabytków. W pracy przedstawiono propozycję metodyki mikro-analizy SEM-EDS i LA-ICP-QMS uwzględniając jej ograniczenia wynikające ze specyfikacji technik, jak i stanu zachowania zabytków będącego efektem procesów korozyjnych i złej konserwacji. Przedstawiono wstępne wyniki badań technologicznych i proweniencji wczesnośredniowiecznych zabytków wykonanych ze stopów srebra uwzględniając podział na grupy typologiczne to jest monety, placki srebrne i ozdoby. W sumie analizie poddano 200 obiektów wskazując jako główne źródło surowca przetop z dirhamów. Wyniki badań pozwoliły na materiałowy opis zjawiska istnienia rdzeni w denarach krzyżowych wyróżniając dwa rodzaje rdzeni: na bazie miedzi i mosiądzu. W przypadku ozdób umożliwiły ich rozróżnienie technologiczne wskazując na użycie lutowania opartego o związki miedzi ale też cyny i ołowiu, co ma swoje analogie w materiale złotniczym z terenu Czech. Receptury bazujące na oznaczonym składzie są opisane w źródłach antycznych. Placki srebrne natomiast można podzielić na trzy grupy ekstrakcyjne związane ze stopniem oczyszczenia kruszcu. Wstępne wyniki wskazują, iż obiekty te zostały wykonane z kruszczu azjatyckiego przy udziale ołowiu rodzimego, być może jako dodatku w procesie kupelacji.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2022, 66; 111-139
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Datowanie najstarszych denarów krzyżowych (Gumowski CNP Typ I)
Zur Datierung der ältesten Kreuzpfennige/Hochrandpfennige (Gumowski CNP Typ I)
Autorzy:: Ilisch, Peter
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2089973.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:: Early Medieval German Coinage
Sachsenpfennige
Hochrandpfennige
Kreuzpfennige
cross deniers
anonymous Coins
wczesnośredniowieczne mennictwo niemieckie
krzyżówki
monety anonimowe
Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne
Źródło:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne; 2020, 64; 93-107
0043-5155
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 15.

Tytuł:: Monety z cmentarzyska w Gieczu, stanowisko 4, jako źródło do badań obrzędów funeralnych
Coins from the burial ground in Giecz, site 4, as a source for the research of funeral rituals
Autorzy:: Indycka, Elżbieta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532523.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: Giecz
monety
zwyczaje pogrzebowe
wczesnośredniowieczne cmentarzysko
XI–XIII wiek
coins
funeral rituals
early medieval burial grounds
11th–13th century
Opis:: The article presents the results of the analyses of coins, which were found during excavation works on the early medieval skeleton cemetery in Giecz (site 4). 281 graves were uncovered and examined there, among which were the ones with coins. The conducted archaeological and numismatic analyses refer to funeral rituals, chronology of the burial ground and various cultural phenomena connected with coins. The obtained data indicate that the ritual of depositing coins with the dead at the cemetery located next to the castle-town in Giecz appeared over half century after converting to the new religion and continued for 200 years. On the basis of the conducted analysis it can be stated that the coins were placed with the dead regardless of their sex or age at the moment of death. The deceased were buried in the same way as the majority of the decedents at the burial grounds; their graves did not stand alone. With the exception of the shears, no other special objects were placed in them and no two groups of graves of the same type were registered. Graves with coins, regardless of their orientation as well as sex and age of the individuals buried in them, and regardless of the chronology of the coins which they contained, were placed on the entire burial ground. They were orientated similarly to the majority of graves. The relationship between the type of coin and the grave’s orientation, where the coins were put, was not identified. The complete coins were placed in graves and these included almost exclusively saxon cross coins and princely denars. The custom of placing coins in graves was probably restricted to the elite groups which were in the possession of coins. At the present stage of research one could risk saying that it also showed the bonds connecting members of the family. It is possible that families had their quarters “assigned” at this cemetery, which can be reflected in graves with coins of different chronology located next to each other. The family bonds can also be indicated by the coins minted with the same stamps, which were found in the graves. The archaeological analysis of graves with coins also brought crucial data, which can be pertained to the stages of the functioning of the burial ground. It has been pointed out that in the third decade of the 11th century the custom of placing coins in graves appeared in Giecz. However, it was not prevalent in those days and was probably limited to a small group of the local community which was in the possession of money in the period when the monetary economy had just started to popularize [Łosiński 1991: 251–257]. Presumably the first coins, which were placed in graves of both segments after the incursion of Bretislav, are the cross denars type V, which were first issued in 1060. The research also revealed that in both periods when the burial ground was in use, at least two of its segments were occupied simultaneously. The coins manifested, among other things, power, prestige, wealth and religious content [Kiersnowski 1988: 38; Dzieduszycki 1995: 85–86]. The coins spread, among other ways, through wealth redistribution [Dzieduszycki 1995: 64–69]. The presence of coins in graves — the symbols of wealth and glamour, of which a small piece was placed with a deceased member of the family — despite the absence of other “precious” objects, points to the high social status of both the buried individuals and the contributor. In the research concerning the importance of coins in graves, the iconography of coins attracts attention, especially the religious symbols visible on them [Kiersnowski 1988: 314– 326; 170, 378–379]. Such varied images of a cross and saints can also be found on coins from Giecz. Therefore, it can be assumed that some of the coins were placed with the deceased as a confession of their faith and/or an offering to the Creator. It could be possible that the coins in the youngest children’s graves were their baptism certificate. Only one object from a grave which depicted religious symbols has been identified so far. It was a metal pendant. Its décor presents a miniature Maiestas Crucis, derivative from the pattern known from cards and the covers of Carolingian and Ottonian books [Indycka 2017]. Hence, the coins found in the graves should be included in the group of objects which express the Christian ideology. Diverse aspects of belief in the magic of coins show that the living could have multiple motives for placing coins with the deceased member of the family and community [Miechowicz 2006: 149–153]. Further analyses of the coins minted with the same stamps may lead to the research concerning the origins and distribution of the coins [Paszkiewicz 2015: 237]. The presence of coins in graves, with different periods of emission, brings data concerning the period of their circulation [Suchodolski 2016: 184], as well as their hoarding [Dzieduszycki 1995: 73–78]. The above considerations also point to the family bonds. Due to numismatic and archaeological analyses, the data concerning various cultural phenomena related to coins and funeral rituals and their chronology was obtained. The remarks concerning the usefulness of coins in social analyses, both in the aspect of social hierarchy and family bonds of the Giecz community, are also crucial. However, almost all the issues mentioned in the present article require further interdisciplinary research and profound comparative studies.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2019, 18; 207-243
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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