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Tytuł:
Universal Autonomous Control and Management Sytem for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel
Autorzy:
Stateczny, Andrzej
Burdziakowski, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258764.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
unmanned surface vessel
autonomous
management
control
system
Opis:
The paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload? ) including multi-beam echo sounder, sonar, LiDAR, automotive radar, photographic and spectral camera systems. The UACAMS designed to provide flexibility that enables to operate on the different kind of surface platform and different type of functional payload. The full system configuration provides all four level of autonomy starting from remotely controlled to full autonomous mission. Each level can be implemented and run depending on user specific requirements. The paper explains the differences between autonomous and automatic mission and shows how the autonomy is implemented into the presented system. The full hardware structural design as well as the software architecture are described. In order to confirm initial assumptions the applied system was tested during four- week sea trials and tuned for a selected vessel to confirm assumptions. In the project, also the original shore control station was designed, produced and tested for the vessel, including specific user controls and radio communication system. Conclusions sum up all crucial points of the design and system implementation process.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2019, 1; 30-39
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations
Autorzy:
Wróbel, K.
Krata, P.
Montewka, J.
Hinz, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117466.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
modelling of maritime operations
risk model
unmanned vessel
unmanned vessels design
unmanned vessels operations
hazard analysis
unmanned ship
risk analysis
Opis:
An unmanned merchant vessel seems to be escaping from the stage of idea exploration. Once the concept proofs its safety, it may become a part of maritime reality. Although the safety aspect of such a ship has been addressed by a handful of scholars, the problem remains open. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge regarding actual operational circumstances and design of unmanned ships, which are yet to be developed. In the attempt of bridging this gap, the risk analysis associated with unmanned ships needs to be carried out, where all relevant hazards and consequences are assessed and quantified in systematic manner. In this paper we present the results of a first step of such analysis, namely the hazard analysis associated with the unmanned ships. The list of hazards covers various aspects of unmanned shipping originating from both design and operational phases of vessel’s life. Subsequently the hazards and related consequences are organized in a casual manner, resulting in the development of a structure of a risk model.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 2; 267-274
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Shoreline extraction based on LiDAR data obtained using an USV
Autorzy:
Halicki, A.
Specht, M.
Stateczny, A.
Specht, C.
Lewicka, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201469.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
shoreline
LiDAR
laser scanning
Unmanned Surface Vessel
unmanned vehicles
hydrography
geodesy
Opis:
This article explores the use of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) derived point clouds to extract the shoreline of the Lake Kłodno (Poland), based on their geometry properties. The data collection was performed using the Velodyne VLP-16 laser scanner, which was mounted on the HydroDron Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV). A modified version of the shoreline extraction method proposed by Xu et al. was employed, comprising of the following steps: (1) classifying the point cloud using the Euclidean cluster extraction with a tolerance parameter of 1 m and min. cluster size of 10,000 points, (2) further filtration of boundary points by removing those with height above 1 m from the measured elevation of water surface, (3) manual determination of a curve consisting of 5 points located along the entire shoreline extraction region at a relatively constant distant from the coast, (4) removal of points that are further from the curve than the average distance, repeated twice. The method was tested on the scanned section of the lake shoreline for which Ground Control Points (GCP) were measured using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver. Then, the results were compared to the ground truth data, obtaining an average position error of 2.12 m with a standard deviation of 1.11 m. The max error was 5.54 m, while the min. error was 0.41 m, all calculated on 281 extracted shoreline points. Despite the limitations of this parametric, semi-supervised approach, those preliminary results demonstrate the potential for accurate shoreline extraction based on LiDAR data obtained using an USV. Further testing and optimisation of this method for larger scale and better generalisation for different waterbodies are necessary to fully assess its effectiveness and feasibility. In this context, it is essential to develop computationally efficient methods for approximating shorelines that can accurately determine their course based on a set of points.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2023, 17, 2; 445--453
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywa rozwoju bezzałogowych, autonomicznych jednostek pływających
The prospect of the development of unmanned, autonomous vessels
Autorzy:
Pleskacz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/317303.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy "SPATIUM"
Tematy:
bezzałogowy obiekt pływający
autonomiczny obiekt pływający
bezzałogowy autonomiczny pojazd wodny UAMV
UAMV
unmanned vessel
autonomous vessel
unmanned autonomous maritime vehicle (UAMV)
Opis:
W artykule omówiony zostało zagadnienie rozwoju bezzałogowych, autonomicznych jednostek pływających. Zaprezentowano argumenty wskazujące na konieczność rozwoju żeglugi w tym kierunku: poprawa bezpieczeństwa nawigacji i środowiska pracy marynarzy oraz obniżenie kosztów eksploatacji połączonych z ochroną środowiska morskiego. Przedstawiono i omówiono również szczegółowo zagadnienia, kierunki, w których muszą podążać badania, aby stworzyć finalnie jednostkę częściowo lub w pełni autonomiczną.
The article discusses the issue of development of unmanned, autonomous vessels. Presented arguments pointing that the needs for navigational development in this direction are: improving navigational safety and working environment of seafarers reduce operating costs associated with the protection of the marine environment. Presented the topics and directions in which to follow the research and discussed in detail in direction to eventually create partially or fully autonomous vessel.
Źródło:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe; 2017, 18, 6; 1258-1261, CD
1509-5878
2450-7725
Pojawia się w:
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Matematyczny opis dynamiki ruchu bezzałogowego statku powietrznego
Mathematical description of dynamics of an unmanned aicraft vehicle
Autorzy:
Komorek, A.
Bieńczak, R.
Kowalik, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/251102.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy TTS
Tematy:
dynamika ruchu
statek powietrzny
quadocopter
Matlab
Simulink
statek bezzałogowy
movement dynamics
airship
quadcopter
unmanned vessel
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono rozważania matematyczne dotyczące analizy dynamiki ruchu platformy latającej – quadocopter. Omówione w pracy zależności matematyczce zostały poddane badaniom symulacyjnym przeprowadzonych w środowisku Matlab/Simulink, w którym odwzorowano model obiektu latającego.
This paper presents mathematical considerations for the analysis of the dynamics of movement of the platform year - quadocopter. Depending discussed in the been tested simulation conducted in an environment Matlb / Simulink, in which mapped model of a flying object.
Źródło:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego; 2015, 12; 157-162, CD
1232-3829
2543-5728
Pojawia się w:
TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A theoretical analysis of contemporary vessel navigational systems: assessing the future role of the human element for unmanned vessels
Autorzy:
Polemis, D.
Darousos, E. F.
Boviatsis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24201340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
safety at sea
unmanned vessel
human element
vessel navigational system
electronic navigation
bridge instruments
automatic navigation system
autonomous vessels
Opis:
This article aims to investigate the contemporary challenges of electronic navigation and assess the appropriate amendments should autonomous vessel technology becomes widespread in the near future. Vessel control systems and maritime communication are essential and sending and receiving alarm signals is critical to contemporary ship navigation. Numerous location and shipping information systems, such as GPS, Loran-C, and Decca, have arisen in recent decades to improve navigational safety. Other systems, including VHF and Inmarsat, have been developed to enhance the efficiency of maritime communication on board and to transmit risk and safety-related data. Additionally, safe navigation requires systems like Navtex, EGS, DSC, Epirb, and others [1].
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2022, 16, 4; 637--646
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Method of Routing Ships Sailing in Dedicated Environment
Autorzy:
Życzkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/320897.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Forum Nawigacyjne
Tematy:
sailing ship’s routing
route optimization
weather routing
unmanned sailing vessel
Opis:
The method for determining the suboptimal route of sailing vessels operating in a restricted area of the sea are proposed in the paper. The dynamics of the environment including weather conditions and speed characteristics of ships sailing are considered. As optimization criterion, measure sailing time T, and the number of maneuvers performed ω, are taken into account. An heuristic algorithm, and the appropriate application routing for fixed starting points and targets is designed in the method. In addition author analyzed the behavior of the algorithm, depending on the number of direction changes of the course, and granularity of the description of the surface of area.
W artykule zaproponowano suboptymalną metodę określania trasy dla statków żaglowych poruszających się w ograniczonym akwenie morskim. Uwzględniono przy tym dynamikę tego środowiska, między innymi warunki pogodowe oraz charakterystyki prędkościowe statków żaglowych. Jako kryterium optymalizacji przyjęto czas żeglugi T oraz liczbę wykonanych manewrów ω. Zaprojektowano heurystyczny algorytm oraz odpowiednią aplikację wyznaczania trasy dla ustalonych punktów startowych i docelowych. Przeanalizowano zachowanie się algorytmu w zależności od liczby zmian kierunków żeglugi oraz przyjętej ziarnistości opisu akwenu.
Źródło:
Annual of Navigation; 2017, 24; 147-159
1640-8632
Pojawia się w:
Annual of Navigation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unmanned ships – maritime transport of the 21st century
Autorzy:
Szelangiewicz, Tadeusz
Żelazny, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1819076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
unmanned
remotely operated and autonomously ships
levels of autonomy
emission- free propulsion
technical
legal and administrative problems
construction and testing of an unmanned vessel
Opis:
Unmanned, remotely or autonomously ships are the fastest growing new technology in maritime transport in recent years. The design of unmanned vessels envisions clean, emission-free electric propulsion. The costs of building physical models and target vessels are high, but the expected benefits are generating increasing interest in such vessels. This article presents the current state of research in the field of unmanned ships and the technical, legal and administrative problems that need to be solved in order for these ships to be used by the general public.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2020, 64 (136); 14-21
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of an autonomous/unmanned survey vessel (asv/usv) in bathymetric measurements
Autorzy:
Specht, C.
Świtalski, E.
Specht, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
autonomous
unmanned survey vessel (ASV/USV)
bathymetric measurements
digital sea bottom model
bathymetric map
Opis:
The accuracy of bathymetric maps, especially in the coastal zone, is very important from the point of view of safety of navigation and transport. Due to the continuous change in shape of the seabed, these maps are fast becoming outdated for precise navigation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform periodical bathymetric measurements to keep them updated on a current basis. At present, none of the institutions in Poland (maritime offices, Hydrographic Office of the Polish Navy) which are responsible for implementation of this type of measurements has at their disposal a hydrographic vessel capable of carrying out measurements for shallow waters (at depths below 1 m). This results in emergence of large areas for which no measurement data have been obtained and, consequently, the maps in the coastal zones are rather unreliable. The article presents the concept of bathymetric measurements for shallow waters with the use of an autonomous, unmanned survey vessel (ASV/USV). For this purpose, the authors modernized a typical ASV/USV unit with standard radio remote control system to the fully autonomous mode. As part of the modernization, the route planning software was created. The developed software works based on, alternatively, GNSS measurements of the coastline, or satellite images. The system was supplemented by an own autopilot (adapted for flying drones). Moreover, the method of controlling electric motors was changed thanks to the use of own electronic circuit. The modernized ASV/USV measuring system was verified by performing bathymetric measurements of the retention reservoir in Gdansk, Poland. Then, the obtained measurement data were used to create a digital bottom model and a bathymetric map of the reservoir.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 3; 36-44
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Remote-controlled tug operation via VR/AR: results of an in-situ model test
Autorzy:
Byeon, S.
Grundmann, R.
Burmeister, H. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2063989.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
AR/VR technology
human machine interface
virtual reality
augmented reality
AR/VR system
remote-controlled tug operation
in-situ model test
unmanned vessel
Opis:
The German-funded FernSAMS project aimed at the development of an unmanned, remote-controlled tug operation with AR/VR technology. After an extensive simulation test with ship-handling simulators, the developed FernSAMS AR/VR system has now been in-situ tested with a scale model of the tug. The model test results showed very robust stability in remote operations with improved situational awareness with the VR/AR system and sensors. After a short introduction of the FernSAMS concept as well as some first insights into FernSAMS Human-Machine-Interface tests within the simulator, this paper introduces the technical setup of the scale-model tests being conducted with the FernSAMS concept to test the operational and technical feasibility of AR/VR-based remote control. This includes an overview of the systems and sensors integration and an analysis of the effectiveness of AR/VR system combined with 360-degree video streaming.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2021, 15, 3; 801--806
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Human Element and Autonomous Ships
Autorzy:
Ahvenjärvi, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/115965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydział Nawigacyjny
Tematy:
human element
autonomous ship
unmanned ship
future of navigation
unmanned surface vessel (USV)
remote control
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
MUNIN project
Opis:
The autonomous ship technology has become a “hot” topic in the discussion about more efficient, environmentally friendly and safer sea transportation solutions. The time is becoming mature for the introduction of commercially sensible solutions for unmanned and fully autonomous cargo and passenger ships. Safety will be the most interesting and important aspect in this development. The utilization of the autonomous ship technology will have many effects on the safety, both positive and negative. It has been announced that the goal is to make the safety of an unmanned ship better that the safety of a manned ship. However, it must be understood that the human element will still be present when fully unmanned ships are being used. The shore-based control of a ship contains new safety aspects and an interesting question will be the interaction of manned and unmanned ships in the same traffic area. The autonomous ship technology should therefore be taken into account on the training of seafarers. Also it should not be forgotten that every single control algorithm and rule of the internal decision making logic of the autonomously navigating ship has been designed and coded by a human software engineer. Thus the human element is present also in this point of the lifetime navigation system of the autonomous ship.
Źródło:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation; 2016, 10, 3; 517-521
2083-6473
2083-6481
Pojawia się w:
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An approximate method for calculating the resistance of a transport ship model
Autorzy:
Szelangiewicz, Tadeusz
Żelazny, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/135240.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
friction resistance
total resistance
approximation of ship model resistance
autonomous ships
unmanned surface vessel (USV)
ship model
Opis:
The article presents regression formulas for calculating the friction resistance RF and the total resistance RT of ship models in the 2.0–10.0 m range. The method for calculating the total resistance is novel and applies to the design models of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) for experimental testing of autonomous control. For both regression models (RF and RT), statistical and substantive tests were performed (the results of the calculations were compared with the experimental measurements). In both cases, convincing results were obtained, which have confirmed the possibility of their use at the preliminary design stage of unmanned ship models.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2019, 60 (132); 64-71
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The prospect for the launche of a mini unmanned aerial vehicle from an unmanned surface vehicle
Perspektywa startu małego bezzałogowego statku powietrznego z bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodnego
Autorzy:
Jurczyk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Marynarki Wojennej. Wydział Dowodzenia i Operacji Morskich
Tematy:
mini unmanned aerial vehicle (mini-UAV)
unmanned surface vessel (USV)
pneumatic launcher
bezzałogowy statek powietrzny (UAV)
bezzałogowy pojazd nawodny (USV)
wyrzutnia pneumatyczna
Opis:
Due to the growing interest in the problems of cooperation among unmanned vehicles, in the article the proposition of the system for launching a mini unmanned aerial vehicle (mini-UAV) from an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has been presented. The solution differs from the previously used in this that instead of the commonly used rotorcrafts it concerns the ability to start the mini aircraft with the help of pneumatic or rubber launcher. The results of the computer simulation have confirmed the possibility of implementation of that kind of system.
W związku z rosnącym na świecie zainteresowaniem problemami współpracy między pojazdami bezzałogowymi w artykule przedstawiona została propozycja systemu pozwalającego na start małego bezzałogowego statku powietrznego (UAV) z małego bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodnego (USV). Rozwiązanie to różni się od dotychczasowych tym, iż zamiast stosowanych powszechnie wiropłatów rozpatrzono możliwość startu płatowca przy użyciu wyrzutni pneumatycznej lub gumowej wspomagającej start. Wyniki symulacji komputerowej potwierdziły możliwość realizacji takiego systemu.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej; 2018, R. 59 nr 1 (212), 1 (212); 5-26
0860-889X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heading control system design for a micro-USV based on an adaptive expert S-PID algorithm
Autorzy:
Miao, R.
Dong, Z.
Wan, L.
Zeng, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258606.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
micro unmanned surface vessel (micro-USV)
control system design
adaptive expert S-PID algorithm
heading control
pool experiment
lake experiment
Opis:
The process of heading control system design for a kind of micro-unmanned surface vessel (micro-USV) is addressed in this paper and a novel adaptive expert S-PID algorithm is proposed. First, a motion control system for the micro-USV is designed based on STM32-ARM and the PC monitoring system is developed based on Labwindows/CVI. Second, by combining the expert control technology, S plane and PID control algorithms, an adaptive expert S-PID control algorithm is proposed for heading control of the micro-USV. Third, based on SL micro-USV developed in this paper, a large number of pool experiments and lake experiments are carried out, to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the motion control system designed and the heading control algorithm proposed. A great amount of comparative experiment results shows the superiority of the proposed adaptive expert S-PID algorithm in terms of heading control of the SL micro-USV.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 2; 6-13
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Path following control of the underactuated USV based on the improved line-of-sight guidance algorithm
Autorzy:
Liu, T.
Dong, Z.
Du, H.
Song, L.
Mao, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
unmanned surface vessel (USV)
path following control
Serret-Frenet coordinate frame
underactuated system
improved lineof-sight guidance algorithm
nonlinear backstepping method
Opis:
The path following control problem of the underactuated unmanned surface vessel (USV) is studied in this paper. An improved line-of-sight (LOS) guidance algorithm is proposed which can adjust adaptively based on the path following error. The global asymptotically stable path following controller is designed based on the nonlinear backstepping method and the Lyapunov stability theory. Firstly, the USV path following error model is established in the Serret-Frenet (SF) coordinate frame. The path following error in the inertial coordinate frame is transformed into the SF coordinate frame, which is used to define the path following control problem. Secondly, inspired by the traditional LOS guidance algorithm, the longitudinal path following error in the SF coordinate frame is introduced into the improved LOS guidance algorithm. This allows the algorithm to adjust adaptively to the desired path. Thirdly, in order to solve the underactuated problem of the USV path following control system, the tangential velocity of the desired path is designed as a virtual input. The underactuated problem is converted to a virtual fully actuated problem by designing the virtual control law for the tangential velocity. Finally, by combining backstepping design principles and the Lyapunov stability theory, the longitudinal thrust control law and the yaw torque control law are designed for the underactuated USV. Meanwhile, the global asymptotic stability of the path following error is proved. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the improved LOS guidance algorithm and the path following controller.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, 1; 3-11
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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