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Tytuł:
The European Citizens’ Initiative Reform: Does it Matter?
Autorzy:
Parol, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915215.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
European Citizens’ Initiative
indirect legislative initiative
participatory democracy
direct democracy
Opis:
The reform of the  entered into force at the beginning of 2020. The changes are intended to popularize and to give effect to the ECI, especially through the strengthening of the position of this tool as an instrument of e-democracy and the reinforcing of the principle of subsidiarity and the model of multi-level governance. The reform is a step in the right direction, however, it is rather unlikely that it could boost the ECI as an instrument of indirect legislative initiative, which so far has had little impact. The sheer scale of this issue can be illustrated by the juxtaposition of the over seventy registered ECIs with the merely two initiatives in which the EC decided to follow up with legislative proposals. Such a situation results from the fact that the ECI is treated as a subsidiary tool to the instruments of representative democracy, generally accepted as the basis of the system. This is also the effect of the way the quasi-monopoly of the European Commission in the area of legislative initiative is interpreted. In consequence, the effectiveness of the ECI is currently perceived through the prism of collecting over one million signatures and conducting noncommittal dialogue. Nevertheless, in this context it should be remembered that the most effective form of encouraging the civil society to participate in political activity is to reinforce its agency. Indeed, increasing the impact of the ECI on decision-making processes is not dependent on potential changes in primary or secondary law. The change of attitude will suffice. Indeed, an increased number of legislative proposals stemming from the ECIs might be the result of a change in EU political culture and a greater respect for democratic rules.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 40, 1; 67-90
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna w sprawie interpretacji art. 14 ust. 2 ustawy o wykonywaniu inicjatywy ustawodawczej przez obywateli
Legal opinion on the interpretation of Article 14 paragraph 2 of the Act on Exercise of the Legislative Initiative by Citizens
Autorzy:
Czarny, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16647719.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
legislative initiative
constitution
amendments
Opis:
A representative of the legislative initiative committee of citizens shall have the right to make amendments to a bill prepared and filed by this committee. This interpretation of Article 14 paragraph 2 of the Act, in conjunction with Article 36 paragraph 4 of the Standing Orders of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland, implements – to the fullest –the applicant’s right to introduce amendments to a bill under Article 119 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution. That right is, however, limited by a statutory requirement to represent the committee, and therefore amendments going beyond the scope of authorization, which may have the form of a „general power of attorney” or specific suggestions, guidelines or prohibitions, must be regarded as invalid.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2012, 3(35); 57-66
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Obywatelska inicjatywa ustawodawcza w świetle koncepcji suwerenności narodu. Wybrane zagadnienia
The right of legislative initiative in the light of a concept of popular sovereignty. Selected issues
Autorzy:
Tkaczyk, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697113.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
popular initiative
popular sovereignty
bill
Opis:
The article is devoted to the right of legislative initiative deriving from the principle of popular sovereignty. The right of legislative initiative is one of the forms of participatory democracy. The popular initiative is regulated by the Art. 118 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and by the act on exercising rights of legislative initiative by citizens of 24 June, 1999. The right of legislative initiative is exercised by collection of 100 000 signatures with regard to the bill. Once the required number of signatures have been collected, the bill in the form of the right of legislative initiative is filed to the Speaker of the Sejm. The Speaker then processes such a case.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2017, 15, 1; 105-124
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aktywizacja i oddolna inicjatywa mieszkańców jako metody działania na rzecz rozwoju lokalnego jednostek pomocniczych gminy na przykładzie sołectw
Activation And Grassroots Initiative Of Residents As A Method Of Action For The Development Of Municipality Support On The Example Of Municipal Subdivisions
Autorzy:
Biniasz-Celka, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
activation
grassroots initiative
resources
development
Opis:
Activation and grassroots initiative of inhabitants are components of social change affecting local development. It is here that ideas materialise through the actions of individuals. It is assumed that development always exists in an active relation to social and cultural change, involving human, financial, environmental and infrastructural resources. It includes primarily community interactions of individuals in the process of activation for the local environment. The study assumed the hypothesis that activation and grass-roots initiative have a significant impact on local development of auxiliary units. The management of local affairs is based on the assumption that inhabitants of a certain area constitute a community aware of their needs and objectives, able to manage their own affairs independently. Activation and development of the community is defined as a collective undertaking, which requires, among other things, emotional commitment and effort of residents. It is a process that follows the steps of planned operation which involves preparing the action programme, establishing the aim, and setting ways to its implementation. At the same time there must be determined a method which will allow to achieve the intended effectiveness of the undertaking. Comprehensive understanding of activation and grassroots initiative indicates the role of development planning, strategy, and the importance of citizen participation in building a better future for their own socio-cultural environment. Activation within the meaning of citizen activation is associated with the search for independence and identification with the community and place as a “little homeland.”
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 1, 25; 145-160
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Opinia prawna na temat poselskiej inicjatywy ustawodawczej w odniesieniu do ustaw regulujących stosunek państwa do kościołów i związków wyznaniowych
Legal opinion on the Deputies’ legislative initiative with regard to the laws governing the relations of the state with churches and religious organizations
Autorzy:
Czarny, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2223416.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
legislative initiative
constitution
Church
religious organization
Opis:
The opinion deals, in particular, with the relationship between the requirement (ensuing from Article 25 para. 5 of the Constitution) for a church or religious organization to conclude an agreement with the Council of Ministers, and the admissibility of such an initiative. The literal and systematic interpretations of the Basic Law prove that the Council of Ministers is not vested with an exclusive legislative initiative in this regard, so it is therefore permissible to submit a bill by a group of deputies. The author concludes that the admissibility of a legislative initiative in this regard is not dependent on the fact of signing the agreement, but only on the real possibility of its conclusion confirmed by the government and representatives of the religious community. Otherwise, such a bill should be considered to be contrary to the law. The author proposes that the procedure for dealing with laws on religious issues be regulated in the Standing Orders of the Sejm.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2015, 1(45); 83-89
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój klastra od inicjatywy do fazy wzrostu na przykładzie klastra SIDE-CLUSTER
Cluster development from the initiative to the phase of growth on the example of the cluster of SIDE-CLUSTER
Autorzy:
Cieślak, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/570000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
cluster
cluster initiative
competitiveness
innovation
cooperation
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present a case study of the creation and development of the construction of wood cluster − “SIDE-CLUSTER” located in Lower Silesia. The following considerations present a bottom-up process of cluster formation, its’ evolution and the role of the cluster for the regional and sectoral development. The researcher’s goal is to identify the key factors determining cluster development, to show the stages of its growth, the role of both the external environment in the process of incubation and the growth of the cluster and endogenous factors, i.e. thelevel of trust within the cluster. The considerations are based on an analysis of the literature and analysis of empirical research. The article contains a cluster definition, a description of the stages of development and the characteristics of the cluster of SIDE-CLUSTER from the phase of cluster initiative to its form nowadays – the 6-year-old cluster. The author proves that the cluster of SIDE-CLUSTER is a dynamic organization actively operating in the Lower Silesia.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 2 (6); 40-54
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
China’s One Belt One Road Initiative as a support of EU’s European Neighborhood Policy
Autorzy:
Żukrowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/583680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
One Belt One Road Initiative
China
Opis:
The article looks into prospects of closer cooperation between China and the EU in area of the two policies which are launched by the actors in question. Those policies are One Belt One Road (OBOR) and European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). It discusses the two policies and visions which are covered in the two initiatives, what is followed by indicating common elements of the two and differences in interests. The assumption is that the two: China and the EU are engaged in external aid which stimulates growth, nevertheless their initiatives are different and they offer other things to the countries which they concern. Moreover they also can be seen as mutually supplementing each other, rather than competing.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2017, 486; 129-140
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementation of the Legislative Regulation of the Civic Resolution Initiative on the Example of the City of Elbląg
Implementacja ustawowej regulacji instytucji obywatelskiej inicjatywy uchwałodawczej na przykładzie miasta Elbląga
Autorzy:
Sidorkiewicz, Krzysztof
Uziębło, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918729.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
civic resolution initiative
participative democracy
Elbląg
Opis:
The main goal of that article is to assess the impact of the new solutions on changes in the legal regulation of Elbląg, where such an initiative has been already in place since 2014, and examine whether the practice of using this mechanism of social participation has led to new changes. The amendment of the Act on the Commune Self-Government has not caused a significant qualitative change. Admittedly, the number of signatures required for a civic proposal was reduced, and - although only after the voivode’s intervention - the time limit for their collection was removed, negative elements can still be observed, such as the lack of imposing an obligation on city officials to assist in preparing a draft resolution. In addition to that, attention should be paid to the need for introducing educational and information activities, the lack of which can often lead to non-application of regulations in practice, even those that are of high quality.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena wpływu jaki nowe rozwiązania w zakresie inicjatywy uchwałodawczej mieszkańców miały na zmiany w regulacji prawnej Elbląga. W mieście tym inicjatywa taka występowała już od 2014 r. Kluczowe znaczenie ma odpowiedź na pytanie, czy dzięki zmianom legislacyjnym doszło do zmian w praktyce korzystania z tego mechanizmu partycypacji społecznej. Badania potwierdzają, że nowelizacja ustawy o samorządzie gminnym nie spowodowała istotnego „skoku” jakościowego. Co prawda zmniejszoną wymaganą liczbę podpisów pod projektem obywatelskim i - choć dopiero po interwencji wojewody - zlikwidowano limit czasowy na ich zebranie, to pojawiły się też elementy negatywne, chociażby brak nałożenia na urzędników miejskich obowiązku pomocy przy przygotowaniu projektu uchwały. Dla zwiększenia znaczenia tej instytucji, poza ukształtowaniem normatywnym, konieczne jest też poszerzenie działalności edukacyjnej czy informacyjnej, gdyż jej brak prowadzi do braku stosowania obecnych regulacji w praktyce ustrojowej, nawet jeśli będą się one wyróżniały pozytywnie.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2020, 5 (57); 127-138
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Conditions and Prospects for the Development of Personal Entrepreneurship Education Among the Young
Autorzy:
Bieniok, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
activity
ambition
initiative
personal entrepreneurship
resourcefulness
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to define the core, the elements and the meaning of personal entrepreneurship (resourcefulness), describe its level among the young in Poland on the basis of sociological surveys (interviews, questionnaires and group discussions with secondary school students), analyse and assess educational programs for personal entrepreneurship in the light of the expectations of secondary school and university students, as well as design education for personal entrepreneurship. Numerous observations of young people in different life situations show that they are not a symbol of a high of personal entrepreneurship. There are many reasons for this including inadequate teaching programs, overuse of electronic devices and the overprotection of their parents. The latter makes young people unmotivated to achieve anything because they can instantly get all they need. In the paper, it is assumed that a fundamental background of entrepreneurship, including in economic, organisational, societal, political and other spheres, must be personal entrepreneurship (resourcefulness). Because in Polish schools and universities this is not taught, the author has presented a personal entrepreneurship education program.
Źródło:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja; 2020, 16, 1; 7-18
2083-3296
2449-9048
Pojawia się w:
Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entrepreneurial Initiative Teaching, Education in the Context of Globalization and Specifics of the Moravian-Silesian Region
Autorzy:
Slovák, Svatopluk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
entrepreneurial initiative teaching
globalization
Moravian-Silesian region
Opis:
The report refers to the importance of entrepreneurial initiative teaching, education of entrepreneurs in the educational system in the context with new social-economic conditions at the beginning of the 21st century. Technological progress and globalisation of the economical processes create the new environment and new requirements for the educational systems which make young people ready for their future lives. In this connection the author also writes about the specifics of the Moravian-Silesian region.
Źródło:
The New Educational Review; 2006, 10; 219-223
1732-6729
Pojawia się w:
The New Educational Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Citizens’ resolution-passing initiative
Autorzy:
Koniuszewska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1595980.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
participation
resolution-passing initiative
resolution-passing procedure
Opis:
Amendment to local government political acts, introduced in January 2018, expanded the catalogue of legal instruments for participation of residents of local government units in solving the actual problems of their self-governing communities. The catalogue included a citizens’ resolution-passing initiative, which may be classified as a means of integrating members of a given community and involving them in the process of law making. Until the entry into force of legal solutions, introduced by the amending act, the issues of the resolution-passing initiative were subject to statutory regulations. The scope of these regulations was diverse, which is why the legislator decided to harmonise them. The study includes an analysis of applicable legal solutions that shape the institution of the citizens’ resolution-passing initiative as well as their assessment and an attempt to formulate de lege lata conclusions.
Źródło:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis; 2019, 27, 3; 99-113
2083-4373
2545-3181
Pojawia się w:
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Direct democracy in Poland. Institution of people’s initiative of putting forward a motion to hold a legislative referendum
Demokracja bezpośrednia w Polsce. Instytucja inicjatywy ludowej w sprawie złożenia wniosku o przeprowadzenie referendum
Autorzy:
Grabowska, Sabina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523823.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
people’s initiative, direct democracies, referendum, Poland
Opis:
Poland is a country of the so-called “young democracy” type. As provided for in art. 2 of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland dated 2 April 1997, “The Republic of Poland is a democratic state of law, fulfilling the principles of social justice”. Art. 4 of The Constitution of the Republic of Poland gives superior authority to the Nation. This authority can be exercised “through representatives or directly”. But Poland does not have much experience with the institution of a people’s initiative, nor with other forms of direct democracy. The Polish national law provides for two types of people’s initiative. One type is a people’s initiative of putting a bill before the parliament as provided for in art. 118 subpar. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Act dated 24 June 1999 on the use of a legislative initiative by citizens. The second type is a people’s initiative of putting forward a motion to hold a legislative referendum regulated by the Act dated 14 March 2003 on holding a national referendum. The legislature did not provide for, however, a people’s initiative for the purpose of amending the constitution or its abrogation. The subject of this paper is the institution of a people’s initiative of putting forward a motion to hold a legislative referendum.
Polska jest państwem tak zwanej młodej demokracji. Art. 2 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r. stanowi, iż „Rzeczpospolita Polska jest demokratycznym państwem prawnym, urzeczywistniającym zasady sprawiedliwości społecznej”. Art. 4 Konstytucji RP daje władzę zwierzchnią narodowi, który może ją sprawować „przez swoich przedstawicieli lub bezpośrednio”. Jednakże polskie doświadczenia z instytucją inicjatywy ludowej, jak również z innymi formami demokracji bezpośredniej są niewielkie. Polskie prawo ogólnokrajowe przewiduje dwa rodzaje inicjatywy ludowej. Jest to inicjatywa ludowa w sprawie złożenia ludowego projektu ustawy w parlamencie przewidziana art. 118 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP i ustawą z dnia 24 czerwca 1999 r. o wykonywaniu inicjatywy ustawodawczej przez obywateli. Drugim rodzajem jest inicjatywa ludowa w sprawie złożenia wniosku o przeprowadzenie referendum ustawodawczego uregulowana ustawą z dnia 14 marca 2003 r. o referendum ogólnokrajowym. Ustawodawca nie uwzględnił jednak inicjatywy ludowej w sprawie zmiany konstytucji lub jej abrogacji. Tematem niniejszego opracowania będzie instytucja inicjatywy ludowej w sprawie złożenia wniosku o przeprowadzenie referendum.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2015, 6 (28); 65-80
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bridge builders of one belt one road ‘Why, what and How’ of the AIIB and SRF
Autorzy:
Wei, He
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Fundacja Instytut Nauki o Polityce
Tematy:
B&R initiative
development finance
AIIB
SRF
Opis:
The history of AIIB and SRF is shorter than most of institutes, however so far the two institutes have earned their reputation through business development, and enhanced the confidence of world to B&R initiative. The key hypothesis of this paper is that the two institutes are not some kinds of economic weapons invented to destroy existing world order but new organizations to improve cooperation of countries. The AIIB and SRF are welcomed widely especially by the members in core region of B&R initiative for several reasons. First, they play indispensable role as the public financing institutes, separately being classed as MDB (multilateral development bank) and SWF (sovereign wealth funds) ,both are important for Sustainable development investments .Second , they may help to transfer experiences of China and other fast growing countries to undeveloped countries. The third and may be the most important point is, the two institutes may help more cooperation to be realized following B & R initiative. The missions and functions of the two institutes are fostering sustainable development, promoting regional cooperation, and decreasing the barrier of infrastructure financing. By provide debt financing and capital financing respectively, the two institutes may satisfy different customers with demands of the infrastructure financing in the region. With the transparency process/governance, the two institutes will act not only new pools of development financing in belt and road region, but also a promoter and organizer of development financing industry, which may bring more opportunities to the countries in the region, and improve both intergovernmental and non-GOV cooperation to boost infrastructure financing. The scale of the business of the two institutes has been increased apparently since founded, mainly attributed to regenerative feedback effect caused by multi-win strategy, and the unique position pegged with one belt one road initiative. One interesting thing for IR scholars is , the two new institutes, as long as China the initiator of B & R initiative, have been doubted by some countries while embraced by some others, for being labeled as challengers of the existing world order. This may remind scholars the metaphor of the trap of Thucydides: the trap did exist for those who thought the threat was there and tried to prevent it happened.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Political Science; 2018, 4, 1; 7-28
2391-3991
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Political Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ANALIZA DYSKURSU POLITYKI WOKÓŁ OBYWATELSKIEJ INICJATYWY USTAWODAWCZEJ NA WYBRANYCH PRZYKŁADACH DEBAT PARLAMENTARNYCH
POLITICAL DICOURSE CONCERNING THE CITIZEN’S LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVE: ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PARLIAMANTARY DEBATES
Autorzy:
Wójcik, Szymon
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
direct democracy
citizens’ legislative initiative
discourse analysis
Opis:
The article is an attempted analysis of the political discourse concerning citizens’ legislative initiatives. It allows one to see what happens at the interface between the legislative and groups of citizens, which in rare and exceptional circumstances present their "grass-roots" legislative proposals. This interdisciplinary work combines political science and a qualitative sociological approach. The specific method used was Martin Reisgl’s political rhetoric analysis. Transcripts of parliamentary debate on the three selected citizens’ legislative proposals served as research material. The analysis showed an overall specificity of debates on citizens’ projects, but also confirmed the importance of the context in discourse studies. Discussion about each of the three – unique – citizens’ projects was shaped differently.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2015, 13, 1; 5-22 (18)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methodological aspects of measuring the effectiveness of the EU participatory mechanisms: the case of the European citizens’ initiative.
Autorzy:
Karolina, Borońska-Hryniewiecka,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
European citizens’ initiative
participatory democracy
European Commission
Opis:
This paper proposes a research design which allows for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the European citizens’ initiative (ECI) – the first EU transnational participatory tool. It provides an analytical framework based on a broader conceptualisation of the notion of “effectiveness” which goes beyond the sole legislative function of the ECI. Consequently, the paper suggests to evaluate the ECI in five different dimensions: as a dialogue and communication enhancing tool, an awareness-raising tool, a deliberative space, a citizen-activating mechanism, as well as an agenda-setting instrument. Operationalisation of the dependent variable through a set of democratic functions that the ECI might perform allows not only to evaluate its capacity to enhance the democratic legitimacy of the EU but also to identify the tool’s limitations and propose ways of improvement. The paper also suggests a qualitative method of testing the hypothesised effects of the ECI.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2017, 2 (44); 10-23
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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