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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    How many kingdoms of life? Eukaryotic phylogeny and philosophy of systematics
    Autorzy:
    Lamza, Lukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690966.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Copernicus Center Press
    Tematy:
    taxonomy
    systematics
    philosophy of biology
    eukaryotes
    Protista
    taxonomy;
    systematics;
    philosophy of biology;
    eukaryotes;
    protista
    Opis:
    According to contemporary understanding of the universal tree of life, the traditionally recognized kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms-Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae-are irregularly interspersed in a vast phylogenetic tree. There are numerous groups that in any Linnaean classification advised by phylogenetic relationships (i.e. a Hennigian system) would form sister groups to those kingdoms, therefore requiring us to admit them the same rank. In practice, this would lead to the creation of ca. 25-30 new kingdoms that would now be listed among animals and plants as “major types of life”. This poses problems of an aesthetic and educational nature. There are, broadly speaking, two ways to deal with that issue: a) ignore the aesthetic and educational arguments and propose classification systems that are fully consistent with the Hennigian principles of phylogenetic classification, i.e. are only composed of monophyletic taxa; b) ignore Hennigian principles and bunch small, relatively uncharacteristic groups into paraphyletic taxa, creating systems that are more convenient. In the paper, I present the debate and analyze the pros and cons of both options, briefly commenting on the deeper, third resolution, which would be to abandon classification systems entirely. Recent advances in eukaryotic classification and phylogeny are commented in the light of the philosophical question of the purpose and design principles of biological classification systems.
    Źródło:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2019, 66; 203-227
    0867-8286
    2451-0602
    Pojawia się w:
    Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problematic Biases in the Availability of Molecular Markers in Protists: The Example of the Dinoflagellates
    Autorzy:
    Gómez, Fernando
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    Alveolate, Dinophyceae, Dinophyta, DNA barcoding, microbial diversity, molecular phylogeny, unicellular eukaryotes
    Opis:
    Dinoflagellates (Alveolata, Dinophyceae) are protists with a truly remarkable diversity in lifestyles (free-living, parasites and mutualistic symbionts), habitats (marine, freshwater, plankton, benthos), and trophic modes (heterotrophic, plastid-containing). Here dinoflagellates are used to evaluate biases in the availability of molecular markers in relation to the variety of functional and ecological characteristics of protists. A large number of dinoflagellate sequences are available in GenBank, at least one for 56% of the 264 described genera. The most common marker is the small ribosomal subunit ribosomal DNA (49%). At the species level, SSU rDNA or the large subunit rDNA are available for 15% of the 2,386 described species. Availability of sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) show a strong bias towards cultivable species. Relative to trophic mode, while about half of the known dinoflagellates are heterotrophic, only 12% of them have been sequenced compared to 29% of the plastid-containing species. For the COI marker availability is 10 times greater for plastid-containing compared to heterotrophic species. Freshwater species are underrepresented (13%) relative to the marine forms (22%). A high proportion of benthic species have been sequenced (46%) reflecting interest in Symbiodinium and harmful epiphytic taxa. Most of the relatively few described mutualistic species have been sequenced (> 80%). In contrast, only 17% of the described parasitic species have been sequenced, and most of the available sequences were not identified at the species level. In recent years, new species have been described mostly from coastal blooms or cultures. These studies are favored by the availability of abundant material for detailed studies of ultrastructure and multi-gene molecular phylogenies. Many methods are difficult to apply for the scarce specimens available from the open ocean. The requirement of these protocols, easy to apply with cultured species, is an obstacle in our knowledge of the open ocean diversity because it discourages studies based on sparse material. Consequently, in recent years descriptions of new species from the open ocean have declined considerably.
    Źródło:
    Acta Protozoologica; 2014, 53, 1
    1689-0027
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Protozoologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Changing Views of Arctic Protists (Marine Microbial Eukaryotes) in a Changing Arctic
    Autorzy:
    Lovejoy, Connie
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/763549.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    Polar, marine microbial eukaryotes, protists, water masses, climate change, Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima, High Throughput Sequencing
    Opis:
    Advances in sequencing technology and the environmental genomic approaches have brought attention to the vastness of protist biodiversity. While over much of the world’s oceans the species and phylotypes making up this diversity are assumed to be something previously hidden and now revealed, the recent rapid changes in the Arctic mean that such assumptions may be a simplification. Historical morphological species data can be used to validate new records provided that more of these species are identified using standard molecular markers. Environmental surveys can also go further by identifying species over regions, seasons and depths. High throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools provide a means of monitoring and eventually predicting the consequences of change. We give an example of how microbial eukaryote communities differ over pan-arctic scales, emphasizing the need for additional sampling and the need for caution in extrapolating the results of one region to the entire Arctic.
    Źródło:
    Acta Protozoologica; 2014, 53, 1
    1689-0027
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Protozoologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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