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Tytuł:
Provisions of the Damages Directive on Limitation Periods and their Implementation in CEE Countries
Autorzy:
Vlahek, Ana
Podobnik, Klemen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
limitation of antitrust damages claims
limitation
limitation periods
suspension of limitation
interruption of limitation
competition law
antitrust
liability for damages
Directive 2014/104/EU
CEE countries
private enforcement of antitrust
Opis:
The article analyses the provisions on limitation of antitrust damages actions set out in Directive 2014/104/EU on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. It presents (draft) implementing legislation of CEE countries from the perspective of their general rules on limitation, and the problems the Member States have faced in the process of transposing the Directive into their national legal systems. Within that, focus is placed upon the analysis of the types of limitation periods, their length and their suspension or interruption. In addition, the authors present the effects of the new limitation regime on the balance between the interests of the claimants and of the defendants, as well as on the relation between public and private antitrust enforcement.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2017, 10(15); 147-176
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakter prawny przedawnienia karalności w polskim prawie karnym
Autorzy:
Vachev, Valeri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48899235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-01-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
statute of limitation
legal nature of the statute of limitation
criminal proceeding
Opis:
Despite the fact that for over a hundred years the statute of limitations has been a very popular subject among scholars and an issue of paramount importance, no satisfactory answer has yet been given to the question of its legal nature. Although the dominant view in the Polish science of criminal law is that the statute of limitations is substantive, in this text the author proves its procedural nature. This issue has a significant impact on a number of problems that are essential for the proper application of criminal law.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2022, 93; 243-256
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przysłówki limitatywne typu z całej siły, na cały głos
Limitive adverbs of the type z całej siły, na cały głos
Autorzy:
Kubicka, Emilia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
adverbs
limitation
force
phraseological variance
Opis:
The described units concern the limits and the force using in different ways. The unit z całej siły 'all out' comments only on physical actions and it is not important whether they are intentional or not. The adverb ze wszystkich sił 'with all forces' however, is always connected with AIM and it is not important whether the limits were reached with the use of physical forces or not. For using the adverb ile sił (ile sił w_) 'all out', the animate agent must have used his maximal physical force which set in motion these parts of his body which were responsible for that kind of action. The adverbs na cały głos and na całe gardło 'at the top of one's voice' comment on emitting sounds, the second one cannot be related to speaking.
Źródło:
Linguistica Copernicana; 2011, 2(6); 127-147
2080-1068
2391-7768
Pojawia się w:
Linguistica Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sposób uwzględniania upływu terminu przedawnienia roszczenia a postrzeganie ochrony praw jednostki w postępowaniu sądowym
The manner of accounting for the expiration of the claim limitation period and the perception of protection of the individual’s rights in court proceedings
Autorzy:
Kuźmicka-Sulikowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/697344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
limitation of claims
human rights
justice
Opis:
The article points out the importance of the way of taking into account the fact that the claim demanded before the court is time-barred for the perception of the standard of protection of the individual’s rights in court proceedings. It is shown how it depends on whether the limitation period is taken into account ex officio or upon the objection raised by the person against whom the claim is brought.
Źródło:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne; 2019, 17, 1; 153-162
2658-1922
Pojawia się w:
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Constraint As an Ethical Postulate in the Context of Ecological Limits
Autorzy:
Stachowska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
limitation
ecological constraint
degrowth
environmental ethics
Opis:
The problem of natural resources being finite as well as the capability of ecosystems and the biosphere to assimilate the effects of economic activity on the one hand, and growing economic discrepancies on the other raise a question mark over the chase after the unrestrained economic growth. In the search for alternative models of thinking and development a significant role of constraint is being more and more emphasized. In the case of ecological barriers limitation of using non-renewable resources, greenhouse gases emissions, excessive consumption and production seems to be a reasonable strategy that manifests our care for the natural environment. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the postulate of constraint present in the de-growth model in the form proposed by Tim Jackson and Serge Latouche apart from a quantitative dimension has, above all, a qualitative and ethically orientated dimension. Constraint conceived in the above way stays close to terms like moderation, restraint, sustainability, i.e. such terms that possess solid ethical foundations and constitute an important base for environmental ethics. 
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2016, 7, 1; 1-20
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przerwanie biegu przedawnienia roszczeń przez wszczęcie mediacji
Interruption of the running of the limitation period of claims by initiating mediation
Autorzy:
Kuźmicka-Sulikowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693293.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
limitation period
interruption of the limitation period
mediation
initiation of mediation
przerwania biegu przedawnienia
mediacja
wszczęcie mediacji
Opis:
The article addresses the issue of interrupting the running of the limitation period through the initiation of mediation. First, this issue is analysed in the context of other circumstances provided for in the Civil Code, which may interrupt the running of the limitation period but frequently provoke controversy. These examples are used to demonstrate that interpretative difficulties arise in respect of the initiation of mediation proceedings as well, as an event interrupting the running of the limitation period. Such difficulties are primarily due to the fact that while Article 1836 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) states that mediation proceedings are initiated from the moment one of the parties serves the mediator with a petition to conduct mediation proceedings, there is no regulation addressing the matter of formal defects in the petition; legal scholars take diametrically opposing positions in respect of whether it is possible to remedy these defects and initiate the mediation process, and whether the running of the limitation period can thereby be interrupted. In addition, Article 1836 § 2 CCP is another source of uncertainty as it provides for a range of circumstances in which the proper serving of the petition does not lead to the initiation of mediation proceedings. The article subjects these regulations to thorough analysis, with particular attention paid to the impact of these situations on interruption of the limitation period on claims (including assessment of the justifiability of such legal solutions and with reference to the views of scholars, as well as de lege ferenda remarks). Mention is also made of issues associated with the limitation period in cases where the court directs the parties to engage in mediation.
Artykuł dotyczy kwestii przerwania biegu przedawnienia roszczeń przez wszczęcie mediacji. W artykule poddano analizie ten przypadek, przedstawiając go najpierw w kontekście pozostałych przewidzianych w Kodeksie cywilnym przyczyn przerwania biegu przedawnienia, które budzą liczne kontrowersje, i na tym tle pokazano, że wątpliwości interpretacyjne powstają także w odniesieniu do tej przyczyny przerwania biegu przedawnienia, zwłaszcza jeśli chodzi o mediację inicjowaną przez stronę. Wynikają one przede wszystkim z tego, że choć zgodnie z art. 1836 § 1 k.p.c. wszczęcie mediacji następuje z chwilą doręczenia przez stronę mediatorowi wniosku o przeprowadzenie mediacji (z dołączonym dowodem doręczenia jego odpisu drugiej stronie), to jednak nie uregulowano prawnie sytuacji, gdy wniosek taki zawierał będzie braki formalne (a poglądy doktryny co do tego, czy możliwe jest ich uzupełnienie i wszczęcie wówczas mediacji, a co za tym idzie – przerwanie biegu przedawnienia, są diametralnie zróżnicowane). Ponadto źródłem wspomnianych wątpliwości jest też art. 1836 § 2 k.p.c., w którym ustawodawca przewidział cały szereg przypadków, w jakich pomimo prawidłowego doręczenia wspomnianego wyżej wniosku nie będzie dochodzić do wszczęcia mediacji. W artykule poddano je dokładnej analizie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu takich sytuacji na przerwanie biegu przedawnienia roszczeń (w tym oceniając zasadność tych rozwiązań prawnych oraz odnosząc się do poglądów doktryny i zgłaszając uwagi de lege ferenda). Podniesiono także kwestie wiążące się z przedawnieniem w przypadku, w którym to sąd kieruje strony do mediacji.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2016, 78, 2; 125-136
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Termin przedawnienia prawa do odprawy emerytalnej przysługującej na podstawie art. 38 ustawy o wykonywaniu mandatu posła i senatora
Limitation period for the right to retirement gratuity mentioned in Article 38 of the Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator
Autorzy:
Galińska-Rączy, Irena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2215766.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
pensions and annuities
Deputy
limitation of claims
Opis:
Members of Parliament remain in a nonlabour the so-called systemic employment, which is not regulated by law in a precise manner. The nature of the retirement gratuity entitled under the aforementioned provision of the Act is not clear. There is a possible interpretation, according to which that this gratuity is not a subject to a limitation period of 3 years (pursuant to Article 291 § 1 of the Labour Code), but to a 10-year period specified in Article 118 of the Civil Code. However the author claims that the 3-year limitation period provided in labour law is applicable in the discussed situation.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2018, 3(59); 159-171
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Critical appraising of Hopkinson bar techniques for calibrating high g accelerometers
Autorzy:
Miao, Yinggang
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/220822.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Hopkinson bar
calibrating
high g accelerometer
limitation
Opis:
The Hopkinson pressure bar has been developed to calibrate and assess high g accelerometers’ capacity. The extreme caution is indispensable for performing calibration of severe characteristics, like the bearable super-high overload peak and wide duration of stress. In the paper, the Hopkinson bar calibrating system is being critically appraised. A limiting formula is deduced based on the stress wave theory. It indicates that the overload peak and duration of stress are limited by the elastic limit and wave speed of Hopkinson bar material. Both stress wave configurations in the form of linear ramp and cosine functions were designed theoretically to meet typical calibrating requirements. They were confirmed experimentally with the aid of the pulse shaping technique. Their corresponding calibration characteristics were analysed critically, and it was found that the cosine stress wave can achieve the values of acceleration peak or duration by π/2 times greater than those obtained with the linear stress wave. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for more extreme calibration requirements.
Źródło:
Metrology and Measurement Systems; 2019, 26, 2; 335-343
0860-8229
Pojawia się w:
Metrology and Measurement Systems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt SK 33/14
Sejm draft position on the case concerning the constitutional complaints of 3 April 2014 on the system of social insurance (Ref. No. SK 33/14)
Autorzy:
Miaskowska-Daszkiewicz, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
Constitutional Tribunal
social security
bequest
limitation period
Opis:
In the proposed draft position the author claims that the challenged provisions of the Act of 13 October 1998 on Social Insurance, insofar as it takes no account of the situation in which the day of death of the decedent was considered to be the date when the court decision declaring the person (for whom social security contributions were collected) dead was made, do not conform with the Constitution. In her opinion, in order to achieve compliance of the above-mentioned Act with the Constitution it would be sufficient to take into account – as a precondition – the suspension of the limitation period due to the death of the decedent. The author notes that in would be at risk of irrationality for the Constitutional Tribunal to adjudicate on both examined provisions, as it is difficult to consider the issue of suspension of the limitation period in relation to the claim for undue contributions when the limitation period has not yet started.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2016, 1(49); 229-255
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Politics of Limitation of Claims in Poland: Post-Communist Ideology, Neoliberalism and the Plight of Uninformed Debtors
Autorzy:
Kuźmicka-Sulikowska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
claims
limitation period
taking the expiry of the limitation period into account
polish civil law
political and legal changes
Opis:
The text will present arguments raised by the supporters of two different positions regarding the manner of taking into account the expiry of the limitation period, namely those that are supposed to speak in favor of taking this circumstance by the courts ex officio, and those which prevail to take it into account only in the event of raising the plea of limitation by the one against whom the claim is due. Against this background, a polemical analysis will be made with these arguments, including inquiries about interests of which entities or social groups are implemented and protected for each of these solutions. It will be shown that some of the arguments put forward actually emphasize that the institution of limitation is to serve not so much as a party involved in a given claim (creditors or debtors), but rather institutions of the judiciary. It will also be shown that the solution currently in force in Polish civil law, within which the taking into account of the fact that a given claim is time-barred is possible only if the one against whom the claim is entitled raises the relevant claim of limitation, in fact prefers only the more affluent and better educated social strata, deepening the social exclusion of those who, due to, for example, worse property status, do not have the necessary knowledge, nor can afford to take advantage of legal aid. The latter, in effect, often do not plead the expiration of limitation period, because they do not know that they are entitled to it (in general, or are unable to assess when the claim became due, at which point the limitation period began or has ended). Polish civil law is a good example here for considering, firstly, that in the 20th century the regulations concerning the limitation of claims were changed several times, and each time a discussion on how to consider the expiry of the limitation period came to life (which provides rich argumentation with which one can confront) and also because historical and political entanglements play a significant role here. Namely, the text will show that the main resistance against taking into account the expiration of limitation period ex officio (which is a solution that protects the poorer people who can not afford legal assistance) is due to the fact that this solution, which was in force in the original version of the current Polish Civil Code, was modeled on the solutions of Soviet law. This means that after the political change in Poland in 1989, it was automatically attempted to eliminate it, and replace it with a solution used in European countries, where only if the one against whom the claim is entitled raises the relevant claim of limitation, even without any reflection on the substantive legitimacy of such a change and without analyzing the practical social effects of a solution, within which the expiry of the limitation period only is taking into account on when relevant plea is raised, not ex officio. Immersion of considerations in the realities of Polish law will also allow to show interests that have recently clashed on the occasion of the regulation of electronic writ-of-payment proceedings. In this example, it will be shown that despite the legislator making certain facade measures to protect the interests of people with less legal awareness and poorer, who can not afford to get help from a lawyer, in fact, many gates have been left, which question the reality of striving for such protection, because they allow to sue for the claim after the expiration of the limitation period in this proceeding. In this context, the latest change in Polish civil law in this area was also discussed, that is, the Act of April 13, 2018. On the basis of this Act, there has been a return to taking into account the expiration of the limitation period ex officio, but only if the entrepreneur sue the consumer. In the remaining scope, a solution was left within which the expiry of the limitation period is taking into account only when relevant plea is raised.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2019, 89; 131-160
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Numerical Model of 2G YBCO Superconducting Tape in the Windings of the Transformer
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Ł.
Surdacki, P.
Jaroszyński, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Promocji Wiedzy
Tematy:
YBCO 2G tape
superconducting transformer
current limitation
Opis:
Computer assisted calculations consists in applying software for the simu-lation of models of certain devices and later analysing their behavior under given conditions corresponding to real working conditions in a specific environment.The paper proposes a circuit model of 2G YBCO super-conducting tape created in the PSpice program. The model consists of passive blocks and active user blocks of analogue behavioural modelling (ABM). ABM blocks calculate the conductances, the currents of the indi-vidual layers of the superconducting tape, its thermal capacity, the heating power, the cooling power and resulting temperature of the tape. The model uses table of thermal power density passed to the liquid nitrogen vs. temperature. Smooth transition of the YBCO superconductor layer into the resistive state is described by Rhyner’s power law. The developed model was used for generating waveforms of thermal and electrical quantities.
Źródło:
Applied Computer Science; 2017, 13, 2; 23-38
1895-3735
Pojawia się w:
Applied Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Safe manual handling in industrial production
Autorzy:
Tabakova, M.
Dulina, L
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117892.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Promocji Wiedzy
Tematy:
ergonomics
manual handling
lifting limitation
recommended weight limit
Opis:
This section provides the technical information for using the revised lifting equation to evaluate a variety of two-handed manual lifting tasks. Definitions, restrictions/limitations, and data requirements for the revised lifting equation are also provided.
Źródło:
Applied Computer Science; 2007, 3, 2; 102-114
1895-3735
Pojawia się w:
Applied Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Total ship operability –review, concept and criteria
Autorzy:
Ghaemi, M. H.
Olszewski, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
ship operability
operability limitation criteria
safe operation level
Opis:
The ship operability can be understood and analysed in different manners, and its quality is described using different indexes by different authors. Practically, there is no general and widely accepted description of total ship operability in the literature, nor in the rules of classification societies, which would include both seakeeping and manoeuvrability characteristics of a ship, and simultaneously take into account all ship subsystems and, what is most important, comfort and safety of people on board. The aim of this paper is to propose a general definition of total ship operability and name, adjust, describe and justify criteria which should be considered in the ship operability analysis, as well as to provide a relevant algorithm paving the road for further investigation on total ship operability determination.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2017, S 1; 74-81
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Działania zmierzające do ograniczania zagrożeń związanych z prowadzeniem robót strzałowych w odkrywkowych zakładach górniczych
The activities leading to limit threats associated with conducting blasting works in opencast mines
Autorzy:
Mirek, A.
Biały, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/349885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
ograniczenia
zagrożenia
roboty strzałowe
limitation
threats
blasting works
Opis:
W artykule omówiono działania podjęte w ostatnich kilkunastu latach przez środowisko specjalizujące się w zagadnieniach związanych z urabianiem surowców skalnych przy użyciu środków strzałowych, które przyczyniły się do ograniczenia zagrożeń występujących przy prowadzeniu robót strzałowych i na skutek ich prowadzenia.
The article presents the activities taken up by the employees of companies specializing in exploitation of rocks with blasting in the last several years that led to the limitation of threats that appear during blasting and as effects of its conduction.
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2010, 34, 4; 421-433
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Working Time Flexibility and Its Limitations
Autorzy:
Łukasz, Pisarczyk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902502.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
working
time
relationship
limitation
daily
weekly
norm
overtime
Opis:
Originally, working time regulations were intended to increase the level of safety in the process of work. As a result, working time regulations were relatively stable and rigid. The traditional organization of working time turned out to be inadequate for circumstances in which work is performed. Over recent decades working time regulations have been profoundly flexiblized. This result has been achieved thanks to various legal instruments such as the extension of daily working time, longer reference periods for weekly working hours or more flexible schedules of working time (e.g. banks or accounts of working hours). However, the flexibilization of working time must confront with numerous limitations. First of all, they arise from fundamental rights and international standards as well as from the standards determined by the European Union. Important criteria of assessment are also European strategies such as work-life balance or life long learning. Finally the question of the paradigm of the employment relationship must be answered. The actual position of the parties thereto does not justify the significant change in the division of risk connected with employment.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 293-305
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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