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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Reductive Debenzylation of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube-supported Palladium Catalysts: an Optimization Approach
    Autorzy:
    Bayat, Y.
    Malmir, S.
    Hajighasemali, F.
    Dehghani, H.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358242.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HBIW
    palladium catalyst
    MWCNTs
    CCD
    Opis:
    This study focuses on the optimization of parameters affecting the reductive debenzylation of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane using multiwalled carbon nanotube-supported palladium catalysts. Initially the influence of functionalized carbon nanotubes, including OH and COOH groups, were compared with basic multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and their impact on the reaction yield was evaluated. Among these catalyst supports, hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes showed superior efficiency for producing tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane from hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane. The effect of catalyst preparation factors on the reaction yield were screened by using a 25-2 fractional factorial design. Parameters, including percent palladium, adsorption time, pH and adsorption temperature, were optimized by applying a central composite design. The optimum values of these factors were: 12.97% Pd, adsorption time 1.81 h, pH 9.61 and adsorption temperature 42.78 °C. A value of 76% was obtained for the reaction yield under optimum conditions.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2015, 12, 3; 439-458
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Purification of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane
    Autorzy:
    Gołofit, T.
    Maksimowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HBIW
    CL-20
    purification
    differential scanning calorimetry
    cryometric method
    Opis:
    Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) is produced by a condensation reaction of benzylamine with glyoxal in suitable organic solvents in the presence of protonic acid catalysts. Impurities have to be removed prior to the subsequent stages of the synthesis of CL-20. The effectiveness of HBIW purification by recrystallization from a variety of solvents has been studied here. This method was compared with a novel approach suggested for HBIW purification that consists of prolonged heating of the crude product in boiling methanol. This new purification method allows the product to be prepared in satisfactory purity, it is simple and easily performed on a large-scale.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 1038-1050
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Synthesis of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) under Ultrasound Irradiation with Fe3O4@PCA Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Reusable Nanomagnetic Catalyst
    Autorzy:
    Malekzadeh, A. M.
    Shokrollahi, S.
    Ramazani, A.
    Rezaei, S. J. T.
    Asiabi, P. A.
    Joo, S. W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358107.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW)
    nanomagnetic catalyst
    solid acid
    Fe3O4@PCA
    ultrasound irradiation
    Opis:
    Magnetic Fe3O4@polycitric acid (Fe3O4@PCA) nanoparticles were prepared by the reaction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an excess amount of citric acid at 100-160 °C. The magnetic Fe3O4@PCA nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Finally, the synthesized magnetic Fe3O4@PCA nanoparticles were used as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of HBIW from benzylamine and glyoxal in acetonitrile-water solvent under ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The catalyst could be reused up to 6 times without significant loss of activity.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 336-350
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Palladium Catalyst in the HBIW Hydrodebenzylation Reaction. Deactivation and Spent Catalyst Regeneration Procedure
    Autorzy:
    Maksimowski, P.
    Gołofit, T.
    Tomaszewski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
    Tematy:
    HBIW hydrodebenzylation
    palladium-based catalyst
    Pd/C deactivation
    spent Pd/C catalyst regeneration
    Opis:
    The polycyclic nitramine 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12- hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20) is synthesized via hydrodebenzylation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexabenzyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) over a palladium-based catalyst. This process is the key step in the synthesis of CL-20, a compound with unique energetic and explosive characteristics. The use of CL-20 is restricted at present by the high cost of the hydrodebenzylation process, during which the palladium-based catalyst becomes rapidly deactivated. The catalyst deactivation has now been shown to consist of deposition of the reaction products on the carbon support with simultaneous blocking of the active centers by these products. The HBIW decomposition products can permanently combine with palladium, thereby reducing the number of the active centers on the catalyst. Other byproducts clog the pores of the active carbon and reduce both the surface area of the active carbon and the pore volume. The reaction yield is also reduced by aggregation of palladium particles. A palladium catalyst regeneration procedure which has now been developed, consists of heating the catalyst for a specific time at 350 °C in a nitrogen and water vapour stream, and allows partial recovery of the activity of the palladium catalyst in a subsequent HBIW hydrodebenzylation reaction. The specific area and overall pore volume of the regenerated catalyst are also enhanced. The yield from the HBIW hydrodebenzylation reaction using the regenerated catalyst was ca. 42%.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 2; 333-348
    1733-7178
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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