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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Hydropneumatyczne zawieszenie w samochodach osobowych – zasada działania
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/303347.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Druk-Art
    Tematy:
    zawieszenie hydropneumatyczne
    samochód osobowy
    układ hydrauliczny
    hydropneumatic suspension
    passenger car
    hydraulic system
    Opis:
    Artykuł objaśnia zasadę działania zawieszenia hydropneumatycznego stosowanego od lat w samochodach osobowych francuskiej marki Citroën, zapewniającego wyższy komfort jazdy niż zawieszenie aut z konwencjonalnym rozwiązaniem resorowania. Układ hydrauliczny jest w tym przypadku centralnym układem otwartym, którego zadaniem jest: wypoziomowanie nadwozia oraz utrzymywanie go na odpowiednim poziomie niezależnie od obciążenia, umożliwienie regulacji wysokości w określonym zakresie oraz zasilanie układu hamulcowego i wspomagania układu kierowniczego. W artykule ograniczono się do omówienia zasady działania konwencjonalnego hydraulicznego układu podnoszenia stosowanego w starszych modelach oraz przedstawiono budowę wybranych elementów układu hydropneumatycznego. Wspomniano także o nowych generacjach zawieszenia Hydroactive, które w kolejnych latach stosowano w coraz nowszych modelach marki Citroën.
    Article explains the principle of hydropneumatic suspension used for years in passenger cars French brand Citroën, providing greater comfort than the suspension of cars with conventional suspension solution. The hydraulic system is in this case an open central control unit whose function is the leveling of the body and maintain it at the proper level regardless of the load, allowing height adjustment in a certain range and the power brake and power steering. This article is limited to arrange the principles of conventional hydraulic lifting system used in older models and presents the construction of selected elements of the hydropneumatic. Also mentioned the new generations of Hydractive suspension, which in subsequent years been used in more recent models Citroën.
    Źródło:
    Napędy i Sterowanie; 2016, 18, 11; 86-97
    1507-7764
    Pojawia się w:
    Napędy i Sterowanie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Charakterystyki mocy strat energetycznych w wybranych elementach układów hydraulicznych
    Characteristics of Power of Energy Losses in Selected Elements in Hydraulic System
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/342243.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni
    Tematy:
    moc
    straty energetyczne
    sterowanie proporcjonalne
    układ hydrostatyczny
    silnik hydrauliczny liniowy
    power
    energy losses
    proportional control
    hydrostatic system
    hydraulic cylinder
    Opis:
    W artykule porównano dwa układy ze sterowaniem dławieniowym, które zasilane były pompą o stałej wydajności. Poruszono tematykę związaną ze stratami energetycznymi układów hydrostatycznych z silnikami hydraulicznymi liniowymi sterowanymi proporcjonalnie rozdzielaczem proporcjonalnym. Przedstawiono i porównano wykresy mocy strat dwóch układów hydraulicznych pracujących przy tych samych parametrach prędkości i obciążenia siłownika, lecz różniących się strukturą oraz możliwością oszczędności energii.
    In this article two hydrostatic systems with a throttling steering fed by a constant capacity pump were compared. The subject matter connected with an energy losses of hydrostatic systems with hydraulic linear motors controlled by proportional directional valve was presented. Diagrams of power losses of two hydraulic systems worked at the same parameters of a speed and a load of hydraulic linear motor, which were different due to structure and ability of an energy saving, were presented and were compared.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni; 2017, 100; 164-178
    1644-1818
    2451-2486
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Influence the applied control structure on energy efficiency of the hydrostatic system
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    energy efficiency
    power of losses
    hydrostatic system
    throttling steering
    pump
    hydraulic linear motor
    proportional directional valve
    deck machinery
    Opis:
    A control system with a proportional directional throttling control valve or a directional control servo valve, controlling a cylinder (linear hydraulic motor) is used in the ship steering gear drive, in the controllable pitch propeller control, in the variable capacity pump control system for hydraulic deck equipment motors or fixed pitch propellers in small ships (for example ferries). The hydraulic system is designed first of all taking into consideration the nominal parameters of the cylinder load and speed. For such parameters, the energy efficiency of the elements and complete system is described. Meanwhile the exploitation conditions can vary in full range changes of the cylinder load and speed coefficients. The article presents a comparison of the energy behaviour of two widespread structures of hydrostatic systems: a standard individual systems with a throttling steering fed by a constant capacity pump. Both hydraulic solutions are described and equations of the total efficiency η of the system are presented. Diagrams of energy efficiency of two hydraulic systems working at the same parameters of a speed and a load of hydraulic linear motor, which were different due to structure are presented and compared, as well ability of energy saving. This publication also presents analyses and compares the areas of the power fields of energy losses occurring in the elements of two hydraulic systems with different structures of the hydraulic linear motor speed control.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 411-418
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Verification the mathematical model of energy efficiency of hydraulic system
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245887.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    hydraulic systems
    hydraulic transmission
    energy efficiency
    constant capacity pump
    energy losses
    mathematical model
    Opis:
    The article presents the laboratory verification of the mathematical description of losses and energy efficiency of the hydraulic transmission with proportionally controlled cylinder supplied by the constant capacity pump in the system of constant pressure is presented. The axial piston pump with pivoting rotor supplied to the system consisted of proportional directional control valve and linear motor – hydraulic cylinder at constant pressure, cooperating with an overflow valve. The choice of the analysed system is not accidental. There is always a view in literature about the very limited energy capabilities of a proportional control system. For this purpose, measurement methods were developed and a test stand was adapted. It consists of two systems: tested and loading. Measurements during the tests were recorded up to date on the computer hard disk. In order to allow for comparison of the total efficiency of the system with the efficiency derived from the simulation, the ki coefficients determining the energy losses of the individual components were calculated. Investigations have shown a high convergence mathematical description of energy losses in the elements of the system efficiency and reality. This allows accurate simulation determining the energy efficiency of the field at every point in its operation, i.e. at any speed and any load-controlled hydraulic cylinder. The speed and load range of the hydraulic cylinder can also be accurately simulated.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 3; 275-281
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tests constant capacity pump considering the effect of viscosity and compressibility aerated oil
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    displacement pump
    control volume
    losses of volume
    oil viscosity
    compressibility aerated oil
    Opis:
    The paper presents mathematical models of the losses occurring in the pump with a theoretical capacity per revolution of the shaft and geometric (variable) performance on the rotation of the shaft. These models were used to laboratory testing and simulation energy losses in the pump to judge the energy efficiency of the pump and the efficiency of the hydrostatic drive. The results of research and analyses should be able to create and exploit the possibilities simulation programs support the process of designing hydraulic systems. Pursuing such programs will allow fast determination of the efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission with a positive displacement pump, composed of any item at any point of the fieldwork. These programs enable the selection of optimal in terms of energy, the operating parameters of the system. In an era of increasingly expensive energy, even a small reduction of losses can bring tangible economic benefits during machine operation. It is important to know the energy efficiency of the transmission, under not only nominal conditions, but also changes in the whole range of working conditions: the speed and load of the hydraulic motor, the viscosity of hydraulic oil particularly in the parameters or the longest occurring during operation. It is necessary, therefore, to design stage gear on a detailed analysis of energy enabling optimal selection of components and operating parameters of the system.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 305-312
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Study of losses and energy efficiency of hydrostatic drives with hydraulic cylinder
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260205.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    energy losses
    energy efficiency
    hydrostatic system
    control structures
    proportional directional control valve
    cylinder
    Opis:
    Energy efficiency of hydrostatic transmissions, and especially efficiencies of drives with motor speed controlled by throttle, as well as efficiency of hydraulic servomechanisms can in fact be higher than the efficiency values most frequently given by the respective literature in this field. With the progress achieved in recent years in the development of hydraulic systems it is becoming necessary to develop methods for precise energy efficiency calculation of such systems. It is difficult to imagine that more and more, better and better machines and control elements could be used without the possibility of a mathematical tool at our disposal to enable an accurate analysis and assessment of behavior of the system in which such machines and control elements have been applied. The paper discusses energy savings using mathematical model of losses in elements, the energy efficiency of the system. There are possibilities to reduce energy losses in proportional control systems (in the pump, in the throttle control unit, especially in the cylinder), and thus to improve the energy efficiency of the throttling manifold. The considerations allow for comparison of the loss power resulting from the applied hydraulic control structure of the hydraulic cylinder and the power consumed by the pump from the electric motor that drives it, the power necessary to provide pump-driven hydraulic cylinder. The article shows the impact on the output (useful) power consumed in the considered systems, and the impact on the power consumed of the loss power in the individual elements. The paper presents also formulas of loss power, formulas of energy efficiency connected with investigated hydrostatic drives, two schematic diagrams of hydraulic systems, their principle of operation and problems of studying losses in elements and energy efficiency characteristics of systems consisting of a feed assembly, control set and cylinder. It also includes a subject matter connected with an energy loss power of hydrostatic systems with hydraulic cylinder controlled by proportional directional control valve. Diagrams of loss power of two hydraulic systems worked at the same parameters of speed and load of a cylinder, which were different due to structure and ability of energy saving, were presented and compared.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2018, 4; 114-129
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy saving systems of hydrostatic drives for ship deck machines
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27315951.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    STE GROUP
    Tematy:
    efektywność energetyczna
    siła strat
    układ hydrostatyczny
    sterowanie dławieniem
    hydrauliczny silnik liniowy
    energy efficiency
    power of losses
    hydrostatic system
    throttling steering
    hydraulic linear motor
    Opis:
    A control system with a proportional directional throttling control valve or a directional control servo valve, controlling a cylinder (linear hydraulic motor) is used in the ship steering gear drive, in the controllable pitch propeller control, in the variable capacity pump control system for hydraulic deck equipment motors or fixed pitch propellers in small ships (for example ferries). Energy savings in a constant capacity pump operation can be achieved by means of overflow valve controlled by the oil outlet pressure between the directional throttling control valve and the cylinder. Although structural volumetric losses cannot be eliminated in such a system, but it is possible to reduce considerably structural pressure losses, mechanical losses and volumetric losses in the pump, and mechanical losses in the cylinder too. The paper discusses these energy savings using an earlier developed by Paszota mathematical model of losses in elements, the energy efficiency of the system and the operating range of the cylinder. The paper also presents a comparison of the energy behavior of two widespread structures of hydrostatic systems: a standard individual systems with a throttling steering fed by a constant capacity pump. Both system solutions are described and equations of the total efficiency η of the system are presented. Diagrams of energy efficiency of two hydraulic systems working at the same parameters of a speed and a load of hydraulic linear motor, which were different due to structure and ability of energy saving, were presented and compared.
    Źródło:
    New Trends in Production Engineering; 2018, 1, 1; 507-514
    2545-2843
    Pojawia się w:
    New Trends in Production Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The opportunities for getting energy savings in the hydrostatic drive system
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246878.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    energy efficiency
    energy losses
    power
    power of losses
    hydrostatic system
    control structures
    Opis:
    Full picture of the energy losses in a hydrostatic drive system is a picture of the power of energy losses in the system elements. Paper presents the areas of the power fields of energy losses occurring in the elements of some hydraulic systems with different structures of the hydraulic motor speed control. Proposed graphical interpretation allows analysing and comparing different hydrostatic drive systems. In many constructed and manufactured machines currently used hydrostatic drive systems or electro hydrostatic systems of varying complexity. Today, the need for energy-efficient systems forces to some extent the development and improvement of computational methods using computer aided relating to energy efficiency systems. Hydrostatic systems especially in modern machines play a very important role. Actuators, such as hydraulic motors, hydraulic cylinders is commonly used for a long time, including on machines and equipment land and marine. Unawareness of proportions of the energy, volumetric, pressure and mechanical losses in elements is often the case. Problems connected with energy efficiency are essential for improvement of functionality and quality of hydrostatic drive systems, characterised by unquestioned advantages. Energy efficiency of hydrostatic transmissions, particularly those with throttling control of the motor speed, and also efficiency of the hydraulic servomechanism systems may be in fact higher than the values most often quoted in publications on the subject.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 273-280
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of the structural and total energy efficiency of selected hydraulic systems with proportional control linear motor
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247433.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    energy efficiency
    power of losses
    hydrostatic system
    throttling steering
    pump
    hydraulic linear motor
    proportional directional valve
    Opis:
    In the paper are presented the diagrams of the structural energy efficiency of system with the throttling control assembly and total energy efficiency of the system with constant or variable capacity pump cooperating an overflow valve with the throttling control of the linear hydraulic motor. Diagrams of total energy efficiency of three hydraulic systems working at the same parameters of speed and load of hydraulic linear motor, which were different due to structure and ability of energy saving were presented and compared. This publication also presents analyses and compares the areas of the power fields of energy losses occurring in the elements of three compared hydraulic systems with different structures of the hydraulic linear motor speed control on example on Load Sensing system. The graphical interpretation of the power of losses in the hydrostatic drive and control system elements lets to compare the same power fields of energy losses with other power fields of another structure. This enables to understand what energy losses are the biggest and in which elements of compared hydraulic systems. The best possibility to use in system, as a supply source of the hydraulic cylinder speed series throttling control assembly, is a set consisting of a variable capacity pump cooperating with a Load Sensing (LS) regulator, which totally eliminates the structural volumetric losses in a system. Power ΔPstv of structural volumetric losses is equal to zero, because the current pump capacity QP is adjusted, by the LS regulator, to the current flow intensity QM set by the throttling assembly.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 2; 317-324
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Characteristics of loss power in compared hydraulic systems
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241595.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    power
    energy losses
    hydraulic system
    pump
    throttling valve
    cylinder
    Opis:
    In this article, two hydrostatic systems with a throttling steering fed by a constant capacity pump were compared. It also includes a subject matter connected with an energy loss power of hydrostatic systems with hydraulic cylinder controlled by proportional directional control valve. Diagrams of loss power of two hydraulic systems worked at the same parameters of a speed and a load of hydraulic cylinder, which were different due to structure and ability of an energy saving, were presented and were compared. There are possibilities to reduce energy losses in proportional control systems (in the pump, in the throttle control unit, especially in the cylinder), and thus to improve the energy efficiency of the throttling manifold. The considerations allow for comparison of the loss power resulting from the applied hydraulic control structure of the hydraulic cylinder and the power consumed by the pump from the electric motor that drives it, the power necessary to provide the required unchanged usable pump-driven hydraulic cylinder. Presents the impact on the output (useful) power of the power consumed in the considered systems, and the impact on the power consumed of the loss power in the individual elements. Instantaneous useful power of the cylinder, which is determined by the product of force and speed of the cylinder rod, is independent of all losses. There are mechanical loss power occurs in the cylinder, the loss power in the conduits, the structural volume and pressure loss power that are associated with the throttling control and loss power in the pump: pressure, volumetric and mechanical which have to be added to the useful power. As a result, the sum of the effective useful power and the loss power of all system is the instantaneous value of the power consumed by the pump from the electric motor that drives it.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2017, 24, 2; 217-223
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Friction losses in a linear hydraulic motor as a result of the influence of the control structure and oil viscosity
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241950.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    friction force
    mechanical losses
    energy efficiency
    oil viscosity
    hydrostatic drive
    hydraulic cylinder
    Opis:
    The problem of energy tests of hydraulic systems with hydraulic cylinders, seemingly simple displacement machines, is more complex than that of rotary hydraulic systems. The results of the researches provide an insight into the impact of external loads, required speed, structure of the power supply system, viscosity of hydraulic oil on friction loss, and the efficiency of cylinder drive. The hydraulic cylinder is the strongest structure in the system. Failure of the system is most likely due to failure of the pump supplying the cylinder. The high load of the pump is often caused by the very low energy efficiency of the cylinder, which, despite a relatively low external load, requires high inlet pressure due to large mechanical losses of friction between the piston and the cylinder and between the piston rod and gland. These losses depend on the type of seal used, its shape, the material it is made from, pre-clamp, and the operating parameters of the cylinder. Improperly sealed or assembled seals can cause energy losses of up to 25%. Due to the use of moving seals in the hydraulic cylinder, its energy behaviour is completely different compared to the energy behaviour of a rotary motor, which does not have any seals. The friction force connected with the work of the sealing joints and the mechanical efficiency of the cylinder are determined not only by the external load but also by the method of the applicable supply of the cylinder resulting from the throttling structure, and in particular the pressure level generated in the discharge chamber of the cylinder.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 377-384
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Energy efficiency of a hydrostatic drive with proportional control compared with volumetric control
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259638.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    hydrostatic system
    control structures
    proportional directional valve
    cylinder
    energy losses
    energy efficiency
    Opis:
    There are uninvestigated areas connected with behaviour of elements in hydraulic systems with different structures. Unawareness of proportions of the energy, volumetric, pressure and mechanical losses in elements is often the case. Problems connected with energy efficiency are essential for improvement of functionality and quality of hydrostatic drive systems, characterised by unquestioned advantages but also by relatively low efficiency in comparison with other types of drive. Energy efficiency of hydrostatic transmissions, particularly those with throttling control of the motor speed, and also efficiency of the hydraulic servo-mechanism systems may be in fact higher than the values most often quoted in publications on the subject. Possibility of calculating the real value of the hydraulic system overall efficiency as a function of many parameters influencing it, becomes a tool of complete evaluation of the designed system quality. The paper compares efficiencies of systems with cylinder proportional control and efficiency of the system volumetric control by a variable capacity pump. Presented are also two schematic diagrams of the investigated hydrostatic systems, their principle of operation and problems of studying losses in elements and energy efficiency of systems consisting of a feed assembly, control set and cylinder.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2013, 3; 14-19
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Graphical interpretation of the power of energy losses and power developed in the hydrostatic drive and control system elements
    Autorzy:
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/259894.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    hydraulic motor
    energy balance
    energy losses
    energy efficiency
    capacity pump
    hydraulic servomechanism
    hydrostatic drive system
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2012, 4; 44-53
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A design concept of main propulsion system with hydrostatic transmission gear for inland waterways ship
    Autorzy:
    Dymarski, C.
    Skorek, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260451.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
    Tematy:
    inland ships
    hydrostatic propulsion system
    Opis:
    This analysis is aimed at presentation of a design concept of ship’s main propulsion system and determination of its total efficiency. To realize the task it is necessary to have a look at description of energy losses and efficiency of hydrostatic transmission gear, with taking into account its possible simplification. Image of mutual interaction of losses generated in all elements of hydraulic system appears very complex. In this paper energy balance of main propulsion system with hydrostatic transmission gear intended for a segment ship for inland waterways and coastal service, was analyzed under assumption of necessary simplifications.
    Źródło:
    Polish Maritime Research; 2006, S 2; 57-61
    1233-2585
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Maritime Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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