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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Lose one's life and lose one's job with singular they: two constructions, two regional varieties, many practical aspects of working with mega-corpora
    Lose one’s life [stracić życie] i lose one’s job [stracić pracę] z zaimkiem they odnoszącym się do liczby pojedynczej: dwie konstrukcje, dwa warianty regionalne języka angielskiego, wiele praktycznych aspektów pracy z dużymi korpusami tekstów
    Autorzy:
    Rudnicka, Karolina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1179272.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-11-24
    Wydawca:
    Ateneum - Akademia Nauk Stosowanych w Gdańsku
    Tematy:
    singular they
    corpus linguistics
    mega-corpora
    construction grammar
    american english
    pronoun
    British English
    they odnoszące się do liczby pojedynczej
    językoznawstwo korpusowe
    korpusy językowe
    gramatyka konstrukcyjna
    brytyjski angielski
    amerykański angielski
    zaimek
    Opis:
    The paper compares the usage of singular they with two morphologically similar constructions in British and American English. The constructions in question are lose one’s life and lose one’s job. The results obtained suggest that singular they, at least used with the two constructions in focus of this work, seems to be more widely used in the American variety of English than in the British variety. An additional aim of this work is to present and discuss some practical aspects of working with mega-corpora. The work shows how and where quantitative language studies need to be accompanied by manual and qualitative investigations. The corpora used in this work are the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).
    Artykuł porównuje użycie zaimka they w odniesieniu do podmiotów w liczbie pojedynczej z dwiema, z punktu widzenia morfologicznego podobnymi do siebie, konstrukcjami w wariancie brytyjskim i amerykańskim języka angielskiego. Badane konstrukcje to lose one’s life [stracić życie] i lose one’s job [stracić pracę]. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że they odnoszące się do liczby pojedynczej jest bardziej rozpowszechnione w amerykańskim wariancie języka angielskiego niż w brytyjskim. Dodatkowym celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie i przedyskutowanie praktycznych aspektów pracy z dużymi korpusami językowymi. Praca wskazuje w których miejscach badania ilościowe muszą iść w parze z badaniami jakościowymi. Korpusy zastosowane do wykonania badania to Brytyjski Korpus Narodowy (BNC) i Amerykański Korpus Współczesnego Języka Angielskiego (COCA).
    Źródło:
    Forum Filologiczne Ateneum; 2020, 8, 1; 149-162
    2353-2912
    2719-8537
    Pojawia się w:
    Forum Filologiczne Ateneum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    CD25 (IL-2R) expression correlates with the target cell induced cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion in human natural killer cells
    Autorzy:
    Rudnicka, Karolina
    Matusiak, Agnieszka
    Chmiela, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038939.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    natural killer cells
    CD25
    cytotoxic activity
    granzyme
    caspase
    cytokines
    Opis:
    Cytotoxic activity is one of the major functions of Natural Killer (NK) cells and is a critical effector mechanism of innate immune responses against infected or cancer cells. A variety of assays have been developed to determine NK cell cytotoxic activity, however a receptor-based screening tool is still lacking. Here, we propose the CD25 receptor as a candidate for NK cell cytotoxicity marker. We have verified that there is a correlation between classic target cell induced cytotoxicity markers and the CD25 expression on NK cells. Non-adherent lymphocyte fractions pre-stimulated with Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide were co-cultured with settled HeLa targets in a four hour long cytotoxic assay. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay and quantification of soluble cytotoxicity markers (granzyme B, FasL, caspase-8, IFN-γ and IL-2) was done by ELISA. Lymphocytes were stained with anti-CD3-Cy-5, anti-CD56/CD16/Nkp46-FITC and anti-CD25-PE antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. We observed that the CD25 expression exclusively on the CD3-CD56+CD25+ NK cells was positively correlated with their cytotoxic function evaluated by the MTT test (r = 0.68), the upregulation of granzyme B (r = 0.89), IL-2 (r = 0.78) and IFN-γ (r = 0.57), however, it was not positively correlated with FasL and caspase-8. We conclude that the CD25 expression might serve as an in vitro receptor-based screening tool for NK cell activity.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 885-894
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation as a marker of immune response in guinea pigs with sustained Helicobacter pylori infection
    Autorzy:
    Miszczyk, Eliza
    Walencka, Maria
    Rudnicka, Karolina
    Matusiak, Agnieszka
    Rudnicka, Wiesława
    Chmiela, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039292.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    Helicobacter pylori
    T cells
    proliferation
    guinea pigs
    Opis:
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria are human pathogens causing symptomatic gastritis, peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Little is known about the kinetics of immune responses in H. pylori infected patients because the initial moment of infection has not been identified. Various animal models are used to investigate the immune processes related to H. pylori infection. In this study we checked whether H. pylori infection in guinea pigs, mimicking natural H. pylori infection in humans, resulted in the development of specific immune responses to H. pylori antigens by measuring the proliferation of lymphocytes localized in mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood. The maturity of macrophages and cytokines, delivered by monocyte-macrophage lineage or lymphocytes, were considered as mediators, which might influence the lymphocyte blastogenic response. The obtained results showed the activation of T cells localized in mesenteric lymph nodes by H. pylori antigens in H. pylori infected guinea pigs four weeks postinfection. The blastogenic activity of lymphocytes was shaped by their interaction with antigen presenting cells, which were present in the cell cultures during the whole culture period. Moreover, the balance between cytokines derived from adherent leukocytes including interleukin 8 - IL-8 as well as interferon gamma - IFN-γ, and transforming growth factor beta - TGF-β delivered by lymphocytes, was probably important for the successful proliferation of lymphocytes. The H. pylori specific lymphocytes were not propagated in peripheral blood and spleen of H. pylori infected animals. The modulation of immunocompetent cells by H. pylori antigens or their different distribution cannot be excluded.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2014, 61, 2; 295-303
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Immunoregulation of antigen presenting and secretory functions of monocytic cells by Helicobacter pylori antigens in relation to impairment of lymphocyte expansion
    Autorzy:
    Mnich, Eliza
    Gajewski, Adrian
    Rudnicka, Karolina
    Gonciarz, Weronika
    Stawerski, Paweł
    Hinc, Krzysztof
    Obuchowski, Michał
    Chmiela, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038873.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    H. pylori
    antigen presenting cells
    lymphocyte expansion
    Opis:
    The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigens in driving a specific immune response against the bacteria causing gastroduodenal disorders is poorly understood. Using a guinea pig model mimicking the natural history of H. pylori infection, we evaluated the effectiveness of immature and mature macrophages in promoting the blastogenesis of splenocytes from H. pylori infected and uninfected animals, in response to H. pylori antigens: glycine acid extract (GE), cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA), urease A (UreA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lymphocyte expansion was assessed in 72 h cell cultures, containing: immature or mature macrophages derived from bone marrow monocytes, unstimulated or stimulated with H. pylori antigens for 2 h. The proliferation was expressed as a ratio of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA of antigen-stimulated to unstimulated cells and the DNA damage was determined by DAPI cell staining. TGF-β and IFN-γ were assessed immunoenzymatically in cell culture supernatants. Lymphocytes of control and H. pylori-infected animals proliferated intensively in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and in co-cultures with immature or mature macrophages treated with CagA or UreA (significantly) and GE (slightly) exluding the cultures containing H. pylori or E. coli LPS. This lymphocyte growth inhibition was related to DNA damage of monocytic cells in response to H. pylori or E. coli LPS and secretion of regulatory TGF-β, but not proinflammatory IFN-γ. Impaired homeostasis of monocytic cell function related to DNA damage and TGF-β release, in response to H. pylori LPS may lead to the suppression of adaptive immune response against the bacteria and development of chronic infection.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 641-650
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the immune responses to BCG and DTwP vaccines
    Autorzy:
    Druszczynska, Magdalena
    Kowalewicz-Kulbat, Magdalena
    Maszewska, Agnieszka
    Rudnicka, Karolina
    Szpakowski, Piotr
    Wawrocki, Sebastian
    Wlodarczyk, Marcin
    Rudnicka, Wiesława
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038943.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
    Tematy:
    BCG
    pertussis
    IFN-gamma
    IL-10
    tuberculin skin test
    dendritic cells
    Opis:
    Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and pertussis vaccines have been found to be insufficient and their further improvement is required. In order to develop improved vaccines, a better understanding of the main pathways involved in the host's protective immunity to the pathogens is crucial. We address the question as to whether the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production might affect the host responses to BCG and diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccines. The study population consisted of 118 healthy people, age range 18-30 years, who had been subjected to BCG and DTwP vaccination according to the state policy. Tuberculin skin testing (TST) revealed a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PPD (purified protein derivative) in 53% volunteers. The variability in development of the BCG-driven DTH to tuberculin prompted us to address a question as to whether Th1/Th2 polarization is involved in the lack of skin responsiveness to PPD. PPD-stimulated blood lymphocytes from TST+ participants produced significantly more IFN-γ and less IL-10 than lymphocytes from TST- volunteers. However, TST- volunteers' sera contained more anti-pertussis IgG but not anti-diphtheria toxin IgG. Mycobacterial antigens and particularly PPD induced a higher expression of HLA-DR and co-stimulatory CD80 receptors on DCs from TST+ than TST- participants. BCG but not PPD pulsed DCs from TST- volunteers produced significantly more IL-10. Mycobacterial antigen stimulated DCs from TST+ volunteers induced a more intense IFN-γ production in co-cultures with autologous lymphocytes than the cells from TST- participants. Differences among the types of dendritic cell activities contribute to development of tuberculin reactivity in BCG vaccinated volunteers.
    Źródło:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2015, 62, 4; 913-921
    0001-527X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Biochimica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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