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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Sentencing Jews to work on Ottoman Naval Ships and in Forced Labor at the Imperial Arsenal from the Early 16th Century to 1839
    Autorzy:
    Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1944417.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-27
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Ottoman Empire
    Jews
    arsenal
    forced labour
    kürek
    Tersâne-i Amire
    the galleas
    Kapudan Paşa
    oarsmen
    firman
    Jewish leaders
    Jewish court of law
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to discuss punishments of kürek, i.e., penal servitude on the galleys, and forced labor at the Imperial Arsenal (Tersâne-i Amire), imposed on Jewish men by kadis and Ottoman governors during the 16th-19th centuries in the Ottoman Empire. The kürek (lit. “oar”) punishment was inflicted for serious crimes, e.g., adultery, heresy, prostitution, and coin-clipping, as well as other grave offenses for which the Shari'ah/Kanon prescribed the death penalty. At times it was also administered for lesser crimes. We learn that this punishment was administered particularly when the Ottoman navy needed more working hands, mainly after the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571 and during the campaign for the conquest of Crete in the 1660s. This punishment was meted out mainly to Jewish offenders from Istanbul and Izmir. The article discusses the execution of these punishments in light of many sources and draws conclusions in the light of extensive research literature. It devotes extensive discussion to the attitude of Jewish leaders, Jewish courts of law and individual Jews to these penalties both in theory and in practice.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2020, 19, 1; 421-442
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Extramarital Relations among Jews in the Ottoman Empire
    Autorzy:
    Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621623.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    związki pozamałżeńskie, Żydzi, Imperium ottomańskie
    extramarital relations, Jews, Ottoman Empire
    Opis:
    The present paper deals with the ways in which Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire handled cases of extramarital relations (fornication) among Jewish men (married or unmarried) and unmarried women. The present study covers a wide range of Jewish legal sources from the beginning of the 16th century to the last decade of the 19th century. As we have seen, the occurrence of sexual relations out of wedlock for married men, or unmarried men and unmarried women, was an extant feature of Jewish society; it was almost certainly much more widespread than adultery. Particularly common were relations between the betrothed, usually leading to marriage. Similarly, cases were common of unmarried women, often maidservants in Jewish homes, who had sexual liaisons with different men. Most of the surviving sources deal with women’s pregnancy and their demands that the men marry them, or at least acknowledge their paternity and pay child support for the babies. Jewish society stood guard over its sexual morality, deliberating about cases of extramarital pregnancy within the confines of the local legal court. The communities’ supervision of sexual morality led to the enactment of new decrees in some places and in rare cases, the offenders involved would be punished by lashes. We learn that Jewish society attempted to conceal sexual offenses from the eyes of the Muslim rulers.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2014, 13, 2; 25-45
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jewish Conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the Communities of Istanbul and Izmir Until 1856
    Autorzy:
    Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1833878.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04-22
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Jews
    conversion
    Protestantism
    Ottoman Empire
    Istanbul
    Izmir
    Opis:
    This article is devoted to a comprehensive discussion of Jews’ conversion to Protestantism in the Ottoman Empire in the cities of Istanbul and Izmir, during the decade before the Hatt-i-Șerif of Gülhane, the first Tanzimat decree in 1839, until the Hatti hümayun decree of 18 February 1856. It also considers the attitudes of the Ottoman authorities and the Jewish communities toward this phenomenon, as well as the extent to which three missionary societies, the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, the American Board of the Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM), and the Free church of Scotland mission, succeeded in prevailing upon Jews to give up their faith. The missionaries worked with the millenarian anticipations and looked forward to intensive activity which would result in the conversion of the Jewish masses. To achieve their objectives they relied on evangelical, educational and philanthropic activities, and on medical missions. The article discusses the motives and the social and economic status of converts to Christianity and those given Christian religious instruction, and describes the communities’ steps taken against Jewish conversion to Christianity in the 1820-50s. The article concludes that all three missionary societies that operated in the Ottoman Empire acknowledged the fact of their failure to achieve the goal of converting the Jewish masses, and took solace in those dozens who were converted through their efforts.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2019, 18, 2; 7-36
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Procreation in the Sephardic Jewish Communities of Istanbul, Salonica, and Izmir from 1500-1850
    Autorzy:
    Bornstein-Makovetsky, Leah
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27308709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    procreation
    Salonica
    Istanbul
    Izmir
    fertility
    Sephardim
    oath of monogamy
    polygyny
    death
    divorce
    children
    levirate marriage
    Opis:
    The desire to raise a family with as many children as possible was a major aspiration of Jewish families in the Ottoman Empire for centuries. Many halakhic responses and other sources address this subject and its impact on Jewish families and society. This paper reviews how Sephardic Jewish society in the Ottoman cities of Istanbul, Izmir and Salonica (Thessaloniki) grappled with the reality of barren men and women – which was quite common – from 1500-1850, and how Jewish courts resolved cases that involved men’s requests to marry a second wife in order to fulfill the commandment of procreation. It discusses how the desire to procreate was realized through the institution of marriage, the undesirability of single life, the age at marriage, yibum (levirate marriage), women’s desire for children, the impact of kabbalah on fulfillment of the commandments, contraception, fertility treatments, the effect of child mortality on parents, and how the longing for children affected the private life of prominent individuals.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2022, 21, 2; 37-61
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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