Wszystkie pola: Silurian-Ordovician shale - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Charakterystyka petrograficzna paleozoicznych skał łupkowych basenu bałtyckiego : konsekwencje dla rozpoznawania i wydobycia gazu łupkowego
Petrography of palaeozoic shale from Baltic basin : implications for recognition and exploitation of shale gas
Autorzy:: Gąsiński, A.
Poszytek, A.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/394923.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:: łupki sylursko-ordowickie
gaz łupkowy
porowatość
mineralogia
Silurian-Ordovician shale
shale gas
porosity
mineralogy
Opis:: W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki szczegółowych badań mineralogicznych, które wraz z obserwacjami w wysokorozdzielczym mikroskopie skaningowym dostarczyły informacji na temat składu mineralnego, tekstur i charakteru wykształcenia porowatości w ordowicko-sylurskich skałach łupkowych basenu bałtyckiego. Głównymi składnikami tych skał są minerały ilaste oraz kwarc, kalcyt, dolomit, piryt i skalenie. Znaczna część kwarcu ma charakter diagenetyczny, co korzystnie wpływa na możliwości szczelinowania skał. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników opisano także procesy, które w zasadniczy sposób wpłynęły na formowanie obecnie występującej porowatości. Stwierdzono, że najważniejszym procesem mającym wpływ na powstanie wtórnej porowatości było przeobrażanie minerałów ilastych (smektyt-illit), a współwystępująca wraz z tym procesem cementacja krzemionką spowodowała prawie całkowite wypełnienie powstałej przestrzeni porowej. Prawdopodobnie pory były wypełniane również przez autogeniczne ziarna chlorytów. Pory zachowane w badanych skałach łupkowych podzielono na cztery typy, biorąc pod uwagę morfologię i charakter ich występowania. Stwierdzono potencjalną możliwość występowania drobnych połączeń pomiędzy porami, co może pozwalać na powolną migrację mediów w skale.
The paper presents the results of detailed mineralogical studies of shales in Ordovician-Silurian Baltic basin. Main constituents of these rocks are clay minerals (illite and smectite), quartz, calcite, dolomite, pyrite and feldspars. Significant part of quarz grains is of authigenic origin, which positively influences the process of hydraulic fracturing. Observations in the high-resolution scanning electron microscope gave information about the nature of porosity in the shale and the processes which significantly contributed to the formation of porosity. It was found that the most important process affecting the secondary porosity of shale was the transformation of clay minerals (smectite-illite). Created pore space was almost completely filled by silica cement. Preserved pores were divided into four types according to their morphology and nature of occurrence. There was also found the potential for occurrence of interconnections between fine pores that allow fluid migration.
Źródło:: Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN; 2013, 85; 79-88
2080-0819
Pojawia się w:: Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Graptolite biostratigraphy and dating of the Ordovician–Silurian shale succession of the SW slope of the East European Cratond
Autorzy:: Podhalańska, Teresa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191870.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:: biostratigraphy
Ordovician
Silurian
graptolite
East European Craton
Opis:: This paper deals with the graptolite biostratigraphy and age determination of the Ordovician and Silurian lithological successions of the Baltic, Podlasie and Lublin basins that existed during the early Palaeozoic on the SW slope of the East European Craton. The biostratigraphic research described was conducted on core material coming from old boreholes and cores from several new wells. Graptolite zones were identified and the chronostratigraphic succession was constrained, with the depths to the stratigraphic units, especially those considered prospective for petroleum, being determined in the individual borehole sections. Old local stratigraphic schemes of the Silurian used for many years in the Polish geological literature are correlated with the standard schemes. The most complete succession of graptolite zones, both in the Ordovician and the Silurian, is observed in the Baltic region. The number of stratigraphic gaps increases towards the east and southeast of the regions. The stratigraphic range of the Sasino Shale Formation decreases in this direction; in the Podlasie and Lublin regions, it comprises only the Katian Stage. The stratigraphic range of the Jantar Formation in the western part of the area spans not only the Rhuddanian but also part or the whole of the Aeronian. In the Podlasie and especially the Lublin regions, sedimentation of the Jantar Formation began in the latest Rhuddanian–Aeronian. A large stratigraphic gap, spanning part or the whole of the Llandovery and increasing eastwards, was documented in the Podlasie-Lublin region. The biostratigraphic research allowed a more precise constraint on the temporal and spatial extent of erosion of Pridoli deposits and the beginning of coarse-grained, siliciclastic sedimentation (Kociewie Formation) in the Baltic Basin.
Źródło:: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 429-452
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Ordovician-Silurian shale gas resources potential in Poland : evaluation of Gas Resources Assessment Reports published to date and expected improvements for 2014 forthcoming Assessment
Autorzy:: Kiersnowski, H.
Dyrka, I.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2066499.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: shale gas
resources assessment
technically recoverable resources
economically recoverable resources
gaz łupkowy
ocena zasobów
technicznie wydobywalne zasoby
ekonomicznie wydobywalne zasoby
Opis:: The paper comprises a brief history and results of Assessment Reports of shale gas resources for the Polish Ordovician-Silurian Basin. The Reports have been confronted in the context of used criteria of assessing. The comparison shows that the early, most optimistic assessments (Wood Mackenzie, ARI & EIA) were based on very generalized data and different assessment methods than those used in the PGI and USGS Reports. In turn, the PGI and USGS Reports, based on USGS assessment methodology, were not so diverse taking into account the presented extreme low values of recoverable gas resources and the used methods of shale gas occurrence probability. The terms EUR (Estimated Ultimate Recovery) and AU (Assessment Unit), used in the USGS methodology of shale gas and shale oil resources assessment are characterized. The paper also presents assessment methods of technically and economically recoverable shale gas, and the significance of "sweet spots" as areas with the greatest probability for shale gas productivity. Finally, proposals for the reconstruction of future work on the new assessment (at the turn of 2014) of recoverable shale gas resources for the Polish Ordovician-Silurian Basin are recommended. The future assessment of shale gas resources should be more detailed, not only due to new geological input data (including results of exploration wells), but also thanks to segmentation of the whole Ordovician-Silurian assessment area into five smaller regional assessment units. The paper presents the criteria of area segmentation and the characteristics of proposed assessment units. The key geological, geophysical and geochemical criteria, which should be taken into consideration in the methodology of new shale gas resources assessment, are compiled. Moreover, to better understand the peculiarity of the Polish Ordovician-Silurian shales and reservoir attributes, and to fit these to shale gas recovery technology, the lessons coming from the US shale basins are discussed. In summarizing, the authors, presenting the conclusions and recommendations, refer to future shale gas resources assessment that, in their opinion, would help particularize the results and thus make them more authenticated.
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2013, 61, 11-1; 639--656
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Prospective zones of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian shale formations of the East European Craton marginal zone in Poland
Autorzy:: Podhalańska, Teresa
Feldman-Olszewska, Anna
Roszkowska-Remin, Joanna
Janas, Marcin
Pachytel, Radomir
Głuszyński, Andrzej
Roman, Michał
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2059664.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: unconventional hydrocarbon systems
prospective zones
Lower Paleozoic
East European Craton
Polska
Opis:: The paper presents the latest state of knowledge on the vertical and lateral ranges and characteristics of prospective zones (PZ) within the Lower Paleozoic unconventional hydrocarbon systems in the Baltic-Podlasie-Lublin Basin (Poland). The PZ were identified within the prospective formations based on rigorously determined criteria with the application of stratigraphic, sedimentological, mineralogical, petrographic, geochemical, petrophysical, and geomechanical studies, and interpretations of borehole logs. Archival geological data and information acquired from boreholes drilled recently in concession areas have also been applied in the interpretations. Following these criteria, four prospective zones have been distinguished. The deposits encompass partly or almost completely the Piaśnica, Sasino, and Jantar formations and the lower part of the Pelplin Formation. The characteristic feature of the Lower Paleozoic deposits at the East European Craton (EEC) margin in Poland is the diachronous appearance of the Sasino and Jantar black shale formations from west to east. The Baltic area is most prospective for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in shale formations, specifically the Łeba Elevation, where all 4 prospective zones have been distinguished. The occurrence of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons is expected in all zones. Due to the very high TOC content and geochemical characteristics, the Piaśnica Formation within PZ1 is the main petroleum source rock in the Polish part of the Baltic Basin. PZ2 (partly corresponding to the Sasino Formation) present in a large part of the Baltic Basin, is the next important prospective unit, despite not being uniform. PZ3 within the Jantar Formation was distinguished only on a limited area of the Łeba Elevation. Due to the low content of organic matter, the Lublin area is characterized by the lowest hydrocarbon potential. However, low values of that parameter are compensated by a greater thickness and lateral range of PZ4, partly corresponding to the Pelplin Formation. Comparison with other areas within the Lower Paleozoic Baltic Basin reveals the occurrence of shale deposits that may constitute a potential source of hydrocarbons, and that demonstrate diachronism. Towards the east and south-east, ever younger deposits possess the potential for hydrocarbon accumulations. In Poland, in the western part of EEC, these are: the Furongian and the Lower Tremadocian Piaśnica Formation, the Sandbian and Katian Sasino Formation and the Lower/Middle Llandovery (Rhuddanian and Aeronian) Jantar Formation. In the central part of the Baltic Basin (Lithuania), these are the Upper Ordovician and Aeronian shale successions. In the southeastern part of the basin (Ukraine), the Ludlow strata are considered to be the most promising in terms of the potential unconventional hydrocarbons accumulations.
Źródło:: Geological Quarterly; 2020, 64, 2; 342--376
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:: Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Potencjał złożowy ordowicko-sylurskich łupków gazonośnych w Polsce : omówienie dotychczasowych raportów i propozycje udoskonalenia metodyki oceny zasobów gazu w raporcie w 2014 r.
Ordovician-Silurian shale gas resources potential in Poland : evaluation of Gas Resources Assessment Reports published to date and expected improvements for 2014 forthcoming Assessment
Autorzy:: Kiersnowski, H.
Dyrka, I.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075067.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: shale gas
resources assessment
technically recoverable resources
economically recoverable resources
gaz łupkowy
oszacowanie zasobów
technicznie wydobywalne zasoby
ekonomicznie wydobywalne zasoby
Opis:: The paper comprises a brief history and results of Assessment Reports of shale gas resources for the Polish Ordovician-Silurian Basin. The Reports have been confronted in the context of used criteria of assessing. The comparison shows that the early, most optimistic assessments (Wood Mackenzie, ARI & EIA) were based on very generalized data and different assessment methods than those used in the PGI and USGS Reports. In turn, the PGI and USGS Reports, based on USGS assessment methodology, were not so diverse taking into account the presented extreme low values of recoverable gas resources and the used methods of shale gas occurrence probability. The terms EUR (Estimated Ultimate Recovery) and AU (Assessment Unit), used in the USGS methodology of shale gas and shale oil resources assessment are characterized. The paper also presents assessment methods of technically and economically recoverable shale gas, and the significance of "sweet spots " as areas with the greatest probability for shale gas productivity. Finally, proposals for the reconstruction of future work on the new assessment (at the turn of 2014) of recoverable shale gas resources for the Polish Ordovician-Silurian Basin are recommended. The future assessment of shale gas resources should be more detailed, not only due to new geological input data (including results of exploration wells), but also thanks to segmentation of the whole Ordovician-Silurian assessment area into five smaller regional assessment units. The paper presents the criteria of area segmentation and the characteristics of proposed assessment units. The key geological, geophysical and geochemical criteria, which should be taken into consideration in the methodology of new shale gas resources assessment, are compiled. Moreover, to better understand the peculiarity of the Polish Ordovician-Silurian shales and reservoir attributes, and to fit these to shale gas recovery technology, the lessons coming from the US shale basins are discussed. In summarizing, the authors, presenting the conclusions and recommendations, refer to future shale gas resources assessment that, in their opinion, would help particularize the results and thus make them more authenticated.
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2013, 61, 6; 354--373
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 6.

Tytuł:: Litofacje formacji perspektywicznych dla gazu i ropy w łupkach w utworach ordowiku i syluru na obszarze bałtyckim i podlasko-lubelskim
Lithofacies of the Ordovician and Silurian formations prospective for shale gas/oilin the Baltic and Podlasie-Lublin areas
Autorzy:: Feldman-Olszewska, A.
Roszkowska-Remin, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075505.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: litofacje
ordowik
silurian
łupki
lithofacies
Ordovician
Silurian
shales
Opis:: The paper presents a sedimentological analysis of Ordovician (Sandbian–Hirnantian = Caradoc–Ashgill) and Silurian (Landovery–Wenlock, lower Ludlow) claystones and mudstones from the north-eastern (Baltic Basin) and south-eastern (Podlasie-Lublin Basin) parts of the East European Craton. In both basins, formations prospective for shale gas/oil were analyzed: the Sasino Fm., Pasłęk Fm. (including the Jantar Mb.), Pelplin Fm., Udal Fm., Wrotnów Fm. and Terespol Fm. Based on lithological and sedimentological criteria, 34 lithofacies and 11 lithofacies associations have been distinguished. The most promising lithofacies arerepresentedbytheL-1,L-3andL-4associationswhicharecharacterizedbydarkgreycolour, a very low degree or lack of bioturbation, rare sedimentary structures, and common content of small pyrite concretions. They dominate in the Sasino Fm., Pas³êk Fm. (in the Jantar Mb. only) and Pelplin Fm., but are much less common in the Udal Fm., Terespol Fm. and Pas³êk Fm. (excluding the Jantar Mb.).
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 12; 968--975
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Petrographic characteristics of the Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin (N Poland) and their relevance for unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations
Autorzy:: Kuberska, Marta
Sikorska-Jaworowska, Magdalena
Kozłowska, Aleksandra
Podhalańska, Teresa
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060104.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: petrography
mineralogy
shale-type accumulations
total organic carbon
Ordovician rocks
Silurian rocks
Baltic Basin
Opis:: The Ordovician and Silurian deposits in the Baltic Basin are represented by siltstones, mudstones, limestones, marls, sandstones and, most commonly, claystones with a markedly shaley structure. Claystones that are particularly rich in organic matter are considered as potential reservoirs for shale gas accumulations. Samples from 11 boreholes, including core samples of the Piaśnica, Słuchowo, Kopalino, Sasino, Prabuty, Jantar, Pelplin and locally Pasłęk, Kociewie and Puck formations, were analysed by optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The Piaśnica, Sasino, Jantar, Pasłęk and Pelplin formations are characterized locally by a dominance of black bituminous claystones with a high content of organic matter, and a generally consistent clay mineral composition. Individual samples only show variations in silt fraction and carbonate content. Very important is the negligible proportion of swelling minerals in the clay fraction; the percentage of smectite in the mixed-layered illite/smectite minerals does not exceed 15%. It is important for the rocks to have adequate [SiO2 >10%; Quartz (Q) + Feldspars (Fs) + Carbonates >40%] brittleness. The content of quartz, feldspars and carbonates (here >40%) suggests that the claystones are susceptible to hydraulic fracturing. The claystones show micropores between detrital grains, between the flakes of clay minerals, within pyrite framboids, and organic matter and secondary micropores within grains.
Źródło:: Geological Quarterly; 2021, 65, 3; 65: 44
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:: Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Graptolites – stratigraphic tool in the exploration of zones prospective for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits
Autorzy:: Podhalańska, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075025.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: graptolites
black shale
stratigraphy
Ordovician
Silurian
East European Craton
graptolity
czarne łupki
stratygrafia
ordowik
Kraton wschodnioeuropejski
Opis:: In connection with the exploration of zones prospective for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits, numerous studies of source rocks have been conducted in Poland. Stratigraphic examinations are among the basic elements. The main group of fossils occurring in shale successions, being a potential source of hydrocarbons, is graptolites. This paper describes the assemblages of graptolites from Ordovician and Silurian deposits and shows their importance for the stratigraphy of shale complexes. Due to their abundance and rapid evolution, graptolites are an excellent tool for biostratigraphic dating, regional correlations and biozonation of rock successions in terms of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The paper presents the significance of taphonomic research of graptolites to identify zones of increased accumulation of hydrocarbons in rocks. It has been found that graptolites are an equally important instrument, in addition to elevated TOC values or increased gamma ray radiation on well logs, that allows identification of potential source rocks for hydrocarbons, including shale gas.
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2013, 61, 11-1; 621--629
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: Potencjał występowania złóż gazu ziemnego w łupkach dolnego paleozoiku w basenie bałtyckim i lubelsko-podlaskim
Shale gas potential of the Lower Palaeozoic complex in the Baltic and Lublin-Podlasie basins (Poland)
Autorzy:: Poprawa, P.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074759.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2010
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: gaz łupkowy
górny ordowik
dolny sylur
zachodni skłon kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego
EEC
shale gas
Upper Ordovician
Lower Silurian
East European Craton
Opis:: The Lower Palaeozoic basin at the western slope of the East European Craton (EEC) (Fig. 1) is currently recognized as one of the most interesting areas for shale gas exploration in Europe. The Upper Ordovician and/or Lower Silurian graptolitic shale is here the major potential reservoir formation (Figs. 2, 3) (Poprawa & Kiersnowski, 2008; Poprawa, 2009). Moreover, the Upper Cambrian to Tremadocian Alum shale is an additional target locally in the northern part of the Baltic Basin. These sediments are often rich in organic matter (Klimuszko, 2002; Poprawa & Kiersnowski, 2008; Więcław et al., 2010; Skręt & Fabiańska, 2009), as well as silica. Limited data from two wells in the western part of the Baltic Basin show silica contents up to 60-70% (Fig. 4) (Krzemiński & Poprawa, 2006). The advantage of the Lower Palaeozoic shale from the western slope of EEC is its broad lateral extend (Fig. 1) and relatively quiet tectonic setting. The later is particularly true in the case of the Baltic Basin and Podlasie Depression. Structural development becomes to some extent more complex in the case of the Lublin region, where the Lower Palaeozoic shale appears affected by late Famennian to early Visean block tectonics. Development of the organic rich Lower Palaeozoic shale at the western slope of EEC was controlled by several factors. Very important was here the rate of non-organic detritus deposition (Fig. 5). The other factors included organic productivity of the basin, its subsidence, relative sea level changes, basin bathymetry, geochemical conditions at the sea bottom (especially oxygenation), degree of bioturbation, presence of topographic barriers at the sea bottom, leading to development of isolated anoxic zones, sea currents configuration, and climate changes. Organic matter of the Lower Palaeozoic is characterized by presence of II type of kerogen. Appearance of the organic-rich shale within the Lower Palaeozoic section at the western slope of the EEC is diachronic (Fig. 6). From NW towards east and SE, the intervals richest in organic appear related to systematically younger strata, starting from the Upper Cambrian to Tremadocian, as well as the Upper Llanvirn and Caradoc in the Łeba Elevation (northern onshore Baltic Basin; Fig. 7). In central parts of the Baltic Basin and Podlasie Depression as well as NW part of the Lublin region, the intervals richest in organic matter are found in the Llandovery section, while in the eastern part of the Baltic Basin and SE part of the Lublin region the highest TOC contents are found in the Wenlock. Therefore, depending on location at the western slope of EEC, different formations are recognized as the targets for shale gas exploration. The Upper Cambrian to Tremadocian shale, present only in the northern part of the Baltic Basin, is characterized by very high contents of organic matter, with average value for individual sections usually ranging from 3 to 12% TOC. This shale formation is, however, of very limited thickness, not higher than several meters in the onshore part of the basin (Szymański, 2008; Więcław et al., 2010). In onshore part of the studied area, thickness of the Caradoc shale changes from a few meters up to more than 50 m (Modliński & Szymański, 1997, 2008). Contents of organic matter in these sediments are the highest in the Łeba Elevation zone and the basement of the Płock-Warszawa trough, where average TOC contents in individual well sections range from 1% to nearly 4%. Ashgill rocks are characterized by high TOC contents only in the Łeba Elevation zone, where average TOC values for individual well sections rise up to 4,5% at the most. Llandovery shale has high TOC contents, particularly in its lower part, throughout vast parts of the western slope of EEC. The maximum measured TOC contents in those rocks in Podlasie Depression are nearly 20%. Average TOC values for individual sections of the Llandovery are usually equal 1% do 2,5%, except for the Podlasie Depression, where they may reach as much as 6%. Thickness of the Llandovery shale generally increases from east to west to approximately 70 m at the most. However, in the major part of that area it ranges from 20 to 40 m (Modliński et al., 2006). Thickness of theWenlock sediments is also highly variable laterally, from less than 100 m in SE part of the Lublin region to over 1000 m in western part of the Baltic Basin. Average content of organic matter in individualWenlock sections in central and western parts of the Baltic Basin and the Podlasie Depression usually ranges from 0,5% to 1,3% TOC. In the eastern part of the Baltic Basin and in the Lublin region it is higher, rising to about 1-1,7% TOC. The above mentioned TOC values show the present day content of organic matter, which is lower than the primary one. The difference between the present and primary TOC contents increases along with increasing thermal maturity. It is also highly dependant on genetic type of kerogen. Taking into account the II type of kerogen from the analyzed sediments, it may be stated that in the zones located in the gas window the primary TOC was at least one-half greater than indicated by laboratory measurements. From the shale gas point of view, the basins at the western slope of EEC are characterized by a negative relation between depth at present day burial and thermal maturity (Poprawa & Kiersnowski, 2008). In the zones with burial depth small enough to keep exploration costs at very low level (Fig. 8), thermal maturity of shales is too low for gas generation (Figs. 9, 12a). Maturity increases westwards (Fig. 8) along with depth of burial (Fig. 9). Thus, the potential shale gas accumulations in the western part of the studied area occur at depths too high for commercial gas exploration and exploitation (Fig. 12b). Between of the zone of maturity too low for shale gas development and that where depth of burial is too large for its exploration, there occurs a broad zone of the Lower Palaeozoic shale with increased shale gas exploration potential (Fig. 13) (Poprawa & Kiersnowski, 2008; Poprawa, 2009). In that area, there are shale intervals of relatively high thickness and average TOC exceeding 1-2% TOC (Fig. 7, 10, 12c). Thermal maturity of these rocks appears sufficient for generation of gas (Fig. 9, 10), and results of well tests for deeper-seated conventional reservoirs suggest good quality of dry gas with no nitrogen (Fig. 12c). It should be noted that some gas shows have been recorded in the Lower Palaeozoic shale. Moreover, depth of burial is not too large for commercial shale gas exploration (Fig. 8, 10). Hydrocarbon shows and their composition in the Lower Palaeozoic are strictly related to thermal maturity of the source rock. In the zones of low maturity, these are almost exclusively oil shows documented. Further westwards, in the zone transitional to the gas window area, gas is wet and contains significant contribution of hydrocarbon gases higher than methane.Within the gas window zone, the records are almost exclusively limited to methane shows. Moreover, within the zones of low maturity high nitrogen contents were recorded (Poprawa, 2009). In the zones characterized by thermal maturity in the range from 0,8 to 1,1% Ro and very high TOC contents (over 15% at the most), there is a potential for oil shale exploration. The zones with the highest oil shale potential include eastern Baltic Basin in SW Lithuania and NE part of the Podlasie Depression. Some data necessary for entirely firm estimations of potential shale gas resources of the Lower Palaeozoic complex in Poland are still missing. However, preliminary estimates indicate that these shale gas resources may possibly be classified as gigantic (1,400-3,000 bln m3 of recoverable gas; Fig. 15). For comparison, resources of conventional gas in Poland are equal to 140,5 bln m exp.3, and annual domestic gas consumption is at the level of 14 bln m exp. 3. However, it should be noted that some characteristics of the Lower Palaeozoic complexes indicate increased exploration risk. The average TOC contents are here lower than in classic examples of gas shales, like e.g. Barnett shale. Moreover, in the zone of optimal burial depth (less than 3000–3500 m) thermal maturity is lower than in the case of the Barnett shale core area. An important risk factor is also both a limited amount and limited resources of conventional gas fields in the Lower Palaeozoic complex (Fig. 13). Amount and intensity of gas shows in the Lower Palaeozoic shale are also relatively low, and there is no evidences for presence of overpressure in this complex. In the eastern part of western slope of the EEC, there appears an additional risk factor-arelatively high content of nitrogen in gas.
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2010, 58, 3; 226-249
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Unconventional hydrocarbon prospects in Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks of the East European Craton (Poland) : Insight from three-dimensional modelling of total organic carbon and thermal maturity
Autorzy:: Papiernik, Bartosz
Botor, Dariusz
Golonka, Jan
Porębski, Szczepan J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191357.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:: Lower Palaeozoic
shale gas
shale oil
Baltic Basin
Lublin-Podlasie Basin
total organic carbon
thermal maturity
structural parametric model
Opis:: Three-dimensional, structural and parametric numerical modelling was applied to unravel the unconventional hydrocarbon potential of a W-dipping, Lower Palaeozoic mudrock succession, which subcrops for some 700 km in the Baltic, Podlasie and Lublin basins across the SW margin of East European Craton in Poland. Input data comprised structural and thickness maps of Ordovician and Silurian strata and the results of thermal maturity (mean vitrinite-equivalent reflectance, % Ro) and total organic carbon (TOC, % wt.) modelling. A new, spatial interpretation of vitrinite-reflectance variability indicates that the regional, W-increasing thermal maturity pattern breaks into a series of domains, bounded by abrupt maturity variations. In total, 14 tectono-thermal domains were recognised and their boundaries traced to known and inferred faults, mostly of NW‒SE and NE‒SW orientations. On the basis of a combination of thermal maturity and total organic carbon levels (0.6% > Ro<2.4%, and TOC >1.5% wt.), good-quality, unconventional reservoirs can be expected in the Sasino Formation (Caradoc) and Jantar Formation (early Llandovery) in the central and western Baltic Basin. The Jantar Formation also is likely to be prospective in the western Podlasie Basin. Marginal-quality reservoirs may occur in the Sasino and Jantar formations within the Podlasie and Lublin basins and in the Pasłęk Formation (late Llandovery) across all basins. Poor- to moderate-quality, unconventional reservoirs could be present in the Pelplin Formation (Wenlock) in the Lublin and southern Podlasie basins. In spite of a considerable hydrocarbon loss during multiphase basin inversion, the Ordovician and Silurian mudrocks still contain huge quantities of dispersed gas. Successful exploitation of it would require the adoption of advanced fracking methods.Lower Palaeozoic, shale gas, shale oil, Baltic Basin, Lublin-Podlasie Basin, total organic carbon, thermal maturity, structural-parametric model.
Źródło:: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2019, 89, 4; 511- 533
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Graptolity : narzędzie stratygraficzne w rozpoznaniu stref perspektywicznych dla występowania niekonwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów
Graptolites : stratigraphic tool in the exploration of zones prospective for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits
Autorzy:: Podhalańska, T.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075084.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2013
Wydawca:: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: graptolites
black shale
stratigraphy
Ordovician
Silurian
East European Craton
graptolity
ciemne łupki
stratygrafia
ordowik
sylur
platforma wschodnioeuropejska
Opis:: In connection with the exploration of zones prospective for the occurrence of unconventional hydrocarbon deposits, numerous studies of source rocks have been conducted in Poland. Stratigraphic examinations are among the basic elements. The main group of fossils occurring in shale successions, being a potential source of hydrocarbons, is graptolites. This paper describes the assemblages of graptolites from Ordovician and Silurian deposits and shows their importance for the stratigraphy of shale complexes. Due to their abundance and rapid evolution, graptolites are an excellent tool for biostratigraphic dating, regional correlations and biozonation of rock successions in terms of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The paper presents the significance of taphonomic research of graptolites to identify zones of increased accumulation of hydrocarbons in rocks. It has been found that graptolites are an equally important instrument, in addition to elevated TOC values or increased gamma ray radiation on well logs, that allows identification of potential source rocks for hydrocarbons, including shale gas.
Źródło:: Przegląd Geologiczny; 2013, 61, 8; 460--467
0033-2151
Pojawia się w:: Przegląd Geologiczny
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Badanie ciepła radiogenicznego utworów syluru i ordowiku basenu bałtyckiego na podstawie danych geofizyki otworowej i jego relacja z materią organiczną
Study of radiogenic heat of the Baltic Basin Silurian and Ordovician formations on the basis of well logging data and its relationship to organic matter
Autorzy:: Bała, Maria
Wawrzyniak-Guz, Kamila
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835090.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2019
Wydawca:: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: ciepło radiogeniczne
spektrometryczne profilowanie gamma i gamma-gamma
basen bałtycki
geofizyka otworowa
skały macierzyste
łupki gazonośne
radiogenic heat
spectral gamma ray and gamma-gamma logs
Baltic Basin
well logging
source rocks
gas shale
Opis:: W artykule przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń ciepła radiogenicznego (A) wykonanych dla utworów syluru i ordowiku w otworach wiertniczych L-1, K-1, O-2, B-1 i W-1 położonych w basenie bałtyckim. Wykorzystano w tym celu pomiary geofizyki otworowej – spektrometryczne profilowanie gamma (naturalnej promieniotwórczości) oraz pomiary gamma-gamma (profilowanie gęstości objętościowej). Bardzo wysokimi wartościami ciepła radiogenicznego charakteryzowały się osady sylurskich iłowców bitumicznych ogniwa z Jantaru oraz ordowickie ilasto-mułowcowe utwory formacji z Sasina. Są to utwory uznawane za potencjalne sweet spoty z uwagi na podwyższoną zawartość materii organicznej. W obu jednostkach litostratygraficznych zaobserwowano podwyższoną naturalną promieniotwórczość oraz wyraźnie obniżoną gęstość objętościową wywołane obecnością kerogenu. Połączona analiza spektrometrycznego profilowania gamma i profilowania gęstości wykazała, że za wyższą produkcję ciepła radiogenicznego w tych jednostkach odpowiedzialna jest przede wszystkim podwyższona koncentracja uranu. Anomalnie wysokie wartości ciepła radiogenicznego zaznaczały się również w ordowickich iłowcach glaukonitowych formacji ze Słuchowa, w których stwierdzono wyraźny wzrost koncentracji potasu, toru i uranu. Należy zaznaczyć, że utwory czarnych łupków bitumicznych z Jantaru oraz iłowce i mułowce z Sasina charakteryzowały się dużą zmiennością obliczonego parametru A. W prezentowanej pracy przeanalizowano także relacje między obliczonymi wartościami ciepła radiogenicznego a: całkowitym natężeniem promieniowania gamma z pomiaru spektrometrycznego, prędkościami fal podłużnych oraz gęstością objętościową. Zależności określono dla poszczególnych jednostek litostratygraficznych syluru i ordowiku. Podobne relacje ciepła radiogenicznego z profilowaniem gamma zaobserwowano we wszystkich analizowanych otworach z wyjątkiem otworu L-1, w którym sylurskie i ordowickie formacje bogate w kerogen wykazały inną charakterystykę. Zauważono również wyraźne obniżanie się ciepła radiogenicznego ze wzrostem prędkości fal podłużnych. Szczegółowa analiza danych wykazała silne relacje między prędkością a zawartością toru i potasu, które są wskaźnikami minerałów ilastych, oraz zawartością uranu, związanego z obecnością substancji organicznej. Podobny związek pokazujący tendencję obniżania się ciepła radiogenicznego zaobserwowano dla wzrastających wartości gęstości objętościowej analizowanych utworów.
The paper presents results of computations of the radioactive heat production (A) for the Silurian and Ordovician rocks in the L-1, K-1, O-2, B-1, and W-1 wells located in the Baltic Basin. For this purpose, well logging data – spectral gamma (intensity of the natural radioactivity) and gamma-gamma (bulk density) logs were used. Silurian deposits of the Jantar Bituminous Black Claystone Member and Ordovician deposits of the Sasino Claystone Formation were characterised by very high values of the radiogenic heat. These units are considered as sweet spots due to a high concentration of organic matter. Increased natural radioactivity and significantly reduced bulk densities caused by the presence of kerogen were observed in both lithostratigraphic units. A joint analysis of the spectral gamma ray log and the density logs showed that the increased radiogenic heat production in these formations was mainly caused by a higher concentration of uranium. Abnormally high values of radiogenic heat were also observed in the Ordovician glauconitic claystones of the Słuchowo Formation, where an increase in potassium, thorium, and uranium concentrations was detected. It should be noted that the deposits of the black claystones of the Jantar Member, and the claystones and mudstones of the Sasino Formations were characterised by high variability of the calculated parameter A. The presented article investigated the relationship between the calculated values of radiogenic heat and natural radioactivity, the velocity of longitudinal waves, as well as between bulk density. The relations were determined for the Silurian and Ordovician deposits. Similar relations between the radiogenic heat and the gamma ray log were observed in all wells except the L-1 well, in which Silurian and Ordovician formations rich in kerogen revealed a different characteristic. A significant decrease in radiogenic heat values was observed with the increase in P wave velocity. Detailed data analyses showed strong relationships between velocity and the content of thorium and potassium, which are the indicators of clay minerals, but also the content of uranium, which is associated with the organic matter presence. A similar relation showing a tendency of decreasing radiogenic heat was obtained for increased bulk densities of the formations.
Źródło:: Nafta-Gaz; 2019, 75, 9; 515-526
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:: Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Wyznaczanie całkowitej zawartości węgla organicznego TOC w skałach łupkowych z wykorzystaniem profilowań geofizyki otworowej na przykładzie danych z basenu bałtyckiego
Use of empirical methods based on well logging to calculate the total organic carbon content in Baltic Basin’s shale gas reservoir
Autorzy:: Waszkiewicz, S.
Karczewski, J.
Krakowska, P.
Jarzyna, J.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835137.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:: całkowita zawartość węgla organicznego TOC
profilowania geofizyki otworowej
metoda Passeya
metody empiryczne
łupki ordowickie i sylurskie
total organic carbon – TOC
well logs
Passey method
empirical methods
Ordovician and Silurian shales
Opis:: Wyznaczenie całkowitej zawartości węgla organicznego (TOC) jest ważnym elementem procesu oceny skał łupkowych jako niekonwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów. TOC to podstawowy wskaźnik perspektywiczności skały. Jego pomiar w laboratorium przy zastosowaniu pirolizy Rock-Eval dostarcza jedynie informacji punktowej. Zwiększenie liczby próbek wiąże się ze znacznym wzrostem kosztów prowadzonych badań. W pracy dopasowano wybrane metody statystyczne do obliczania TOC w utworach syluru i ordowiku w basenie bałtyckim, wykorzystując profilowania geofizyki otworowej. Zastosowana metodyka pozwoliła na uzyskanie wartości tego parametru w sposób ciągły bez wzrostu kosztów prowadzonych badań. Wykorzystano aplikację TOC systemu GeoWin, będącą narzędziem do automatycznego obliczania zawartości węgla organicznego. Aplikacja ta stosuje metodę Passeya, a także znane z literatury wzory empiryczne, w których współczynniki zostały wyliczone na podstawie wielowymiarowych analiz statystycznych. Wykorzystano profilowania geofizyki otworowej, takie jak: spektrometryczne profilowanie gamma (K, U, TH), profilowanie gęstości objętościowej (RHOB), profilowanie porowatości neutronowej (NPHI) oraz profilowanie oporności elektrycznej w strefie niezmienionej (LLD). Analizie poddano także wyniki badań laboratoryjnych próbek z rdzeni wiertniczych z pięciu otworów leżących w obrębie syneklizy perybałtyckiej i wyniesienia Łeby, będących strukturalną częścią kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego. Z punktu widzenia poszukiwania gazu w badanych profilach geologicznych interesujące są dwie formacje: sylurska (landower) formacja iłowców z Pasłęka z ogniwem z Jantaru w spągowej części oraz ordowicka (karadok/lanwirn) formacja iłowców z Sasina. W związku z położeniem otworów w obrębie różnych jednostek geologicznych akumulacja węglowodorów przebiegała w odmiennych warunkach, co odzwierciedla się w wyznaczonych na podstawie profilowań geofizyki otworowej parametrach. Obliczenia statystyczne wykonano dla badanych formacji w poszczególnych otworach. Wyznaczono również ogólne współczynniki równań dla analizowanego obszaru, pozwalające na szybką estymację całkowitej zawartości węgla organicznego.
Calculations of total organic carbon (TOC) is one of the most important parts of interpretation in shale gas reservoirs and it is one of main indicators of perspective zones. Laboratory methods to measure total organic carbon such as Rock-Eval pyrolysis, give only the point data results. Increase in the number of samples causes a significant increase in the cost of surveys. This article fits the selected methods of total organic carbon determination based on well logging data, which allows to calculate TOC in all measured intervals without an increase in costs. In order to estimate TOC, different mathematical equations were used, such as that implemented in TOC application in the GeoWin system, which is a tool for automatic total organic carbon estimation based on the Passey method and other empirical equations. All factors were calculated using multidimensional statistical analysis made on well logs such as spectral gamma ray (K, U, TH), bulk density (RHOB), neutron porosity (NPHI), electric resistivity (LLD). Wells are placed in Poland, on the Łeba Elevation and the Peri-Baltic Syneclise, which is located on the onshore part of the Baltic Basin. The analysis was carried out on well logs and core data from five wells located within the Peri-Baltic Syneclise and the Łeba Elevation being a structural part of the East European Platform. The most perspective gas-bearing sediments are thought to be Silurian member of bituminous shales from Jantar and Ordovician level of the Sasino claystone formation, rich in organic matter. Due to the location of wells in different geological units, accumulation of hydrocarbons took place in different conditions, which is reflected in the calculated parameters. The Authors, using the calculations, have tried to fit the general coefficient of equations for the whole analyzed area, allowing for fast estimation of TOC.
Źródło:: Nafta-Gaz; 2018, 74, 11; 789-795
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:: Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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