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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23
Tytuł:
Cytotoxic Test of Octopus cyanea Ink Extract
Autorzy:
Kalor, John Dominggus
Simaremare, Eva Susanty
Futwembun, Allowisya
Wabiser, Gloria
Gunawan, Elsye
Yabansabra, Yuliana Rut
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/125432.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
toxicity
Octopus cyanea
Artemia salina leach
LC50
Opis:
Marine biodiversity of Papua is very high, but unfortunately research and utilization in medicine are limited. Many species of flora and fauna are used in ethopharmacology as drugs but without scientific explanation, e.g. octopus (Octopus cyanea), found in the Northern Papua Sea. The aim of this research was to test the toxicity of the ethanol octopus ink. The toxicity was tested with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The samples were collected from the sea of Biak island in West Papua, extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane then tested the toxicity for Artemia salina leach larvae. The toxicity test involved concentrations of 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100, 75, 50, and 25 ppm. The result showed that ethanol extract of octopus ink has LC50 of 290 ppm, ethyl acetate extract has LC50 of 947 ppm, whereas dicholoromethane extract – 2190 ppm.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 8; 144-152
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
John William Trevan’s concept of Median Lethal Dose (LD50/LC50) – more misused than used
Autorzy:
Pillai, S.K.
Kobayashi, K.
Michael, M.
Mathai, T.
Sivakumar, B.
Sadasivan, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2098545.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
lethal dose
toxic substance
acute toxicity
Opis:
Introduction: Median lethal dose (MLD) has been a controversial subject among biologists and animal ethicists since its inception in 1927 by Trevan. Toxicologists use MLD (LD50) as the first step to assess the toxicity of a substance. Animal ethicists criticize LD50 tests because animals suffer pain, and LD50 is irreproducible. The disadvantage of classifying chemicals based on LD50, the importance of the ‘characteristics’ proposed by Trevan, and the ideal mortality range for determining the best estimate of LD50 are also discussed. Objective: The aim of this review was to understand Trevan’s concept of LD50 and the method of Litchfield and Wilcoxon (L and W), and Finney’s probit analysis for LD50 determination Materials and method: A literature survey was conducted using Google search and Pubmed. Simulated data set was used for identifying the ideal mortality range for calculating the ‘best estimate’ of LD50. Brief description of the state of knowledge: After Trevan, the extensively used classical methods for LD50 determination are Finney’s probit analysis and the L and W method. Animal ethicists questioned LD50, because of its irreproducibility. Presently used methods for LD50 tests do not provide information on the dose-response, hence assessing the complete spectrum of toxicity is not possible. However, LD50 is used to classify chemicals. Conclusions: 'The 'characteristic' is more specific than the slope or LD50 of a dose-response curve. LD50 does not manifest the exact nature of the toxicity of a substance; hence, classifying chemicals based on LD50s may have little relevance
Źródło:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research; 2021, 15, 3; 137-141
1898-2395
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of diclofenac LC50 reference values in juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Autorzy:
Praskova, E.
Voslarova, E.
Siroka, Z.
Plhalova, L.
Macova, S.
Marsalek, P.
Pistekova, V.
Svobodova, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31162.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Opis:
The aim of the study was to compare the acute toxicity of diclofenac to juvenile and embryonic stages of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Acute toxicity tests were performed on the aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The tests were performed using a semi-static method according to OECD guideline No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test). Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in compliance with OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme to determine 96hLC50 and 144hLC50 (median lethal concentration, 50% mortality after a 96 h or 144 h interval, respectively) values of diclofenac. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of Danio rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. The LC50 mean value of diclofenac was 166.6 ± 9.8 mg/L in juvenile Danio rerio, and 6.11 ± 2.48 mg/L in embryonic stages of Danio rerio. The study demonstrated a statistically higher sensitivity to diclofenac (P<0.05) in embryonic stages compared to the juvenile fish.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2011, 14, 4
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ecotoxicological effect of heavy metals in free-living ciliate protozoa of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
Autorzy:
Castro Echavez, Fernando Luis
Marín-Leal, Julio César
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
contamination
ecotoxicological tests
lethal concentration LC50
microbiological indicators of early warning
toxicity
Opis:
Multiple anthropogenic agents have turned Lake Maracaibo into a hypereutrophic environment. Heavy metals resulting from the steel and oil industry augment pollution in the lake. There is a lack of research on the ecotoxicological effect of heavy metals in protozoa. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of Cr 3+ , Cr6+ , Cd2+ , Pb2+ and Ni2+ on free-living ciliated protozoa and to identify suitable ciliated protozoa candidates for bioindicators of water quality; we estimated the lethal concentration for 50% of the protozoa population (LC50 ) in samples from two stations (S1 : narrow of Maracaibo and S2 : South of the lake) using ecotoxicological tests in the Sedgewick–Rafter chamber and Probit analysis. The general toxicity patterns obtained for S1 protozoa (Euplotes sp. and Oxytricha sp.) were Cr3+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Cr6+ > Ni2+ ; and those corresponding to S2 (Coleps sp. and Chilodonella sp.) were Cr6+ > Cr3+ > Cd2+ > Pb2+ >Ni2+. We found statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the LC50 of protozoa exposed to Cr3+, Cr6+, Ni2+ and Pb2+ when comparing the two sampling stations. The differences observed in toxicity patterns are probably the result of various kinds of protozoa adaptation, possibly induced by various sources, levels and incidents of exposure to heavy metals contamination of the protozoa studied and to the physicochemical conditions prevailing in the two selected stations. The levels of tolerance observed in the present study, allow us to infer that S2 ciliates are the most susceptible to the contaminants studied and can be used as possible microbiological indicators that provide early warning in studies of contamination by heavy metals in Lake Maracaibo.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2021, 51; 102-116
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fresh garlic juice versus aged garlic extract. Determination of lethal concentration (LC20 and LC50) values on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae
Autorzy:
Majewski, M.
Kasica, N.
Jakubowski, P.
Lepczyńska, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/962692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Opis:
Developmental abnormalities due to fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.) juice exposure have been previously reported on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Freshly made garlic juice (FGJ) containing allicin as a main ingredient and aged garlic extract (AGE) containing mainly S-allyl-L-cysteine were evaluated to investigate the lethality during a 5-day assay using zebrafish embryos, starting from 2 hours post fertilization (hpf), in a static system at an garlic concentration range of 0.00001-0.1%. In addition, lethality comparison between embryos and 3 days of post fertilization (dpf) larvae was performed. The results indicate that the mortality rate is positively correlated to the concentration of FGJ. Lethal concentration for the 24-h LC20 and 24-h LC50 in zebrafish embryos exposure was determined as 0.034% and 0.021%. The corresponding values for larval forms were significantly higher, 0.081% and 0.073% (P < 0.01), suggesting a greater sensitivity of developing embryos to FGJ treatment, as well as no protection from an embryo’s chorion. Below the FGJ concentrations of 0.02% (for embryos) and 0.06% (for larvae), no increase in mortality was observed over the entire exposure time. The mortality of AGE-treated embryos did not differ significantly (P = 0.571) from the control regardless of exposure duration and AGE concentration. The overall results indicate that zebrafish embryos constitute a reliable model for testing the developmental toxicity of garlic, and that different types of garlic preparations have different pharmacologic properties.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 4
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Collisional Line Shapes in the Presence of Broad-Band Squeezed Vacuum
Autorzy:
Cong, N. H.
Vinh, L. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2025783.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.50.Lc
42.50.Ct
Opis:
In this paper we discuss the line shapes of a two-level atom in the presence of broad-band squeezed vacuum and collisional broadening. We describe the collisions and the squeezed vacuum using a stochastic model of Rabi amplitude fluctuations. From such a stochastic description the fast and the slow damping rates of the Bloch polarizations are obtained. The strong field resonance fluorescence spectrum in the presence of stochastic broad-band squeezed vacuum and collisions is derived.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2001, 99, 5; 545-555
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantum Instabilities and Decoherence Problem
Autorzy:
Kilin, S. Ya.
Horoshko, D. B.
Shatokhin, V. N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968521.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.50.Lc
03.65.Bz
Opis:
A decoherence problem is discussed by means of quantum continuous measurement theory. It is shown that the conditional state of quantum system interacting with a bath preserves its initial purity. In this presentation decoherence arises as a result of averaging over the stochastic times of reduction moments ("clicks"). A method based on external phase feedback is proposed to slow down the decoherence of field superposition state in an open optical cavity. It is also shown that an atom placed inside the optical cavity plays a role of internal self-organized positive feedback between field and atom, which leads to an exponential increase in the mean dipole moment of the atom for the field initially prepared in a superposition of coherent states, i.e. to quantum instability.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1998, 93, 1; 97-104
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantum Noise Characteristics of Nonlinear Optical Amplifiers
Autorzy:
Boyd, R. W.
Agarwal, G. S.
Davis, W. V.
Gaeta, A. L.
Nagasako, E. M.
Kauranen, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931479.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994-07
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.65.-k
42.50.Lc
Opis:
Quantum mechanical arguments show that any optical amplifier must add noise to the amplified beam of light. For the case of a high gain amplifier with a coherent (Poissonian) input, the signal-to-noise ratio of the amplified beam must be at least two times smaller than that of the incident beam. We review the theoretical basis of this prediction. We also describe the results of our experimental investigations of the noise properties of optical amplifiers that utilize the nonlinear optical response of strongly driven atomic transitions.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 86, 1; 117-126
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Investigation of Shot Noise in Avalanche Photodiodes
Autorzy:
Kocak, F.
Kilic, A.
Tapan, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1398762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.50.Lc
29.40.Wk
02.70.Uu
Opis:
PbWO₄ crystal-Hamamatsu S8148 avalanche photodiode (APD) assembly has been used in the barrel section of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. The shot noise of the photodiode is one of the important parameters for the energy resolution of the crystal-APD system. The major source of this noise is the statistical variations in the rate at which primary charge carriers are generated and recombine. Thus, the shot noise varies with position of the primary charge carriers generated in photodiode. In this work, the shot noise properties of the Hamamatsu S8148 APD structure and zinc sulfide-silicon (ZnS-Si) isotype heterojunction APD structure have been compared for the PbWO₄ photons. Calculations were made with a Single Particle Monte Carlo simulation technique.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2016, 129, 4; 721-723
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chaos via Period-Doubling Oscillations in an Exciton-Carrier-Photon System Driven by Optical Pumping
Autorzy:
Nguyen, Ba An
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1930622.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.65.-k
71.35.+z
42.50.Lc
Opis:
A detailed stability analysis is performed for a highly excited semiconductor modelled as an exciton-electron-hole-photon system driven externally by optical pumping. Chaotic self-pulsations are shown to occur on both the upper and lower branches of the bistable steady state curve of the system via a sequence of period-doubling oscillation process. Such a route to chaos is well known in laser physics and in other nonlinear systems but not in highly excited semiconductors yet.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1994, 85, 3; 541-552
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Propagation of Double Resonance and Dark Area
Autorzy:
Eberly, J. H.
Kozlov, V. V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.50.-p
42.50.Dv
42.50.Lc
42.50.Gy
Opis:
We report new results in propagation of two coherently coupled optical pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened three-level lambda medium.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 3; 459-462
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Control of Open Quantum Systems
Autorzy:
Japha, Y.
Kofman, A. G.
Kurizki, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968526.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.50.Lc
03.65.Bz
03.75.Be
42.50.-p
Opis:
Spontaneous decay of excited cold atoms into a cavity can drastically affect their translational dynamics, namely, atomic reflection, transmission and localization at the interface. We show that the quantum Zeno effect on excitation decay of an atom is observable in open cavities and waveguides, using a sequence of evolution-interrupting pulses on a nanosecond scale.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 1998, 93, 1; 135-145
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantum Cryptography with Macroscopic Photon-Number-Correlated Light
Autorzy:
Raymer, M. G.
Funk, A. C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2030477.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002-03
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
03.67.Dd
03.67.Hk
42.50.Dv
42.50.Lc
Opis:
We describe a new scheme for performing quantum key distribution. We present two physical implementations for the quantum key distribution system. The first implementation uses a type-II optical-parametric amplifier to generate the optical pulses which contain the key information. The second implementation uses correlated semiconductor emitters to generate the optical pulses.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2002, 101, 3; 437-448
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Entanglement in Open Quantum Systems
Autorzy:
Buchleitner, A.
Carvalho, A. R. R.
Mintert, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2047819.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-10
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
03.67.Mn
03.65.Ud
03.65.Yz
42.50.Lc
Opis:
We give a compact review of some of our recent results on the quantification, the measurement, and the time evolution of entanglement in open quantum systems of variable structure and dimension. Also a first experimental implementation is briefly discussed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2007, 112, 4; 575-588
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diagonalization of a Bosonic Quadratic Form Using CCM: Application on a System with Two Interpenetrating Square Lattice Antiferromagnets
Autorzy:
Krüger, S. A.
Schmalfuss, D.
Richter, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2013979.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-05
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
75.50.Ee
75.30.Ds
31.15.Dv
42.50.Lc
Opis:
While the diagonalization of a quadratic bosonic form can always be done using a Bogolyubov transformation, the practical implementation for systems with a large number of different bosons is a tedious analytical task. Here we use the coupled cluster method to exactly diagonalise such complicated quadratic forms. This yields to a straightforward algorithm which can easily be implemented using computer algebra even for a large number of different bosons. We apply this method on a Heisenberg system with two interpenetrating square lattice antiferromagnets, which is a model for the quasi-2D antiferromagnet Ba$\text{}_{2}$Cu$\text{}_{3}$O$\text{}_{4}$Cl$\text{}_{2}$. Using a four-magnon spin wave approximation we get a complicated Hamiltonian with four different bosons, which is treated with coupled cluster method. Results are presented for magnetic ground state correlations.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2000, 97, 5; 951-954
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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