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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Foreign Terrorist Fighters from the Perspective of Polish and European Criminal Law
    Autorzy:
    Patryk, Gacka,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902912.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-11-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    foreign terrorist fighters
    foreign fighters
    EU directive
    Polish Criminal Code
    Opis:
    Foreign terrorist fighters represent one of the powerful threats to the security of states and humanity in the 21st century. Besides participating in the actions of the Islamic State, they also pose a significant danger when they return to their countries of origin to recruit new volunteers, radicalize local communities and actively partake in terrorist attacks. So as to increase the effectiveness of the fight against terrorism, states and international organizations (the EU, Council of Europe, UN) have been moving in the direction of criminalizing all manifestations of terrorist activity. The paper strives to achieve the following: providing a definition of foreign terrorist fighters; proffering a legal qualification of travel abroad undertaken by Polish citizens for terrorist purposes by reference to selected provisions of the Polish Criminal Code; conducting an analysis of the provisions of EU Directive of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism against the backdrop of the criminalization of the activity of foreign terrorist fighters; comparing the Polish and European criminal legislations within the pertinent scope. De lege ferenda comments will be offered by means of a summary.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2017, 71; 25-49
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A quest for consistency in the law of commercial agency. Loss of the right to remuneration in Polish and European law
    Autorzy:
    Piotr, Sitnik,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902429.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-11-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    commercial agency
    remuneration
    commission
    Directive 86/653
    extinguishment of the right to commission
    Opis:
    In a recent judgment in ERGO Poist’ovňa, a.s. v Alžbeta Barlíková, the Court of Justice of the European Union attempted to clarify the ambit of Article 11 of Council Directive of 18 December 1986 on the coordination of the laws of the Member States relating to self-employed commercial agents, that is the circumstances where a commercial agent’s right to remuneration may be extinguished should a negotiated transaction not be executed between the principal and the client. Notably, the Court held that in the event of even partial non-execution of a negotiated contract between the principal and the third party client, provided it happened due to no fault on the part of the principal, the agent’s right to commission is proportionately extinguished. The paper discusses the judgment in the light of previous CJEU case law and the Polish transposition of the said European standards with a view to finding any potential divergences between the two. The paper notes two problems. First, Polish law, as opposed to Slovak law, does not recognize an automatic termination of an insurance contract in the event of default on the part of the customer. Conversely, whether such an effect eventuates is left to contractual discretion of the parties. Second, Polish courts have been recently willing to substitute unjust enrichment for contractual liability even where, it appears, complainants have valid claims under Article 7614 of the Civil Code.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2017, 71; 219-234
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konflikt między równością a wolnością religijną w prawie pracy Unii Europejskiej
    Autorzy:
    Piotr, Burgoński,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894963.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    dyrektywa 2000/78/WE
    równość
    dyskryminacja
    wolność religijna
    Directive 2000/78/EC
    equality
    discrimination
    religious freedom
    Opis:
    The paper addresses the problem of the way in which the European Union legislation resolves the conflict between the right to be non-discriminated and the right to religious freedom, in the case of religious institutions as employers. The background to its creation are numerous cases of accusations of discrimination directed at religious institutions, as they differentiate employees or candidates for employees, following their specific criteria. The subject of the analyses contained in the paper is art. 4 of the EU Council Directive 2000/78/EC, which regulates the employment of employees by religious institutions. The analyses carried out show that Directive 2000/78/EC does not assign an absolute value neither to the right not to be discriminated nor to the right to religious freedom. Neither does it set a clear hierarchy. The conflict between them is solved on the principle of seeking balance by means of concessions made by each party. However, it can be seen that the right to be non-discriminated is more limited than the right to religious freedom. The analyses revealed the existence in the Directive of various ways of perceiving the character of religious institutions. They also show that art. 4 of the directive is an example of the principle of subsidiarity, because it takes into account the specificity and tradition of the Member States in regulating the autonomy of religious institutions, leaving the states a considerable scope to define or even modify the provisions of the Directive. Artykuł podejmuje problem sposobu rozwiązania w legislacji Unii Europejskiej konfliktu między prawem do bycia niedyskryminowanym a prawem do wolności religijnej, której podmiotem są instytucje religijne jako pracodawcy. Kontekstem jego powstania są liczne przypadki oskarżeń o dyskryminację kierowane pod adresem instytucji religijnych z tego względu, że różnicują one pracowników lub kandydatów na pracowników, kierując się określonymi przez siebie kryteriami. Przedmiotem analiz zawartych w artykule są przepisy art. 4 dyrektywy Rady UE 2000/78/WE, który reguluje kwestie zatrudniania pracowników przez instytucje religijne. Przeprowadzone analizy pokazują, że w dyrektywie 2000/78/WE nie przypisano wartości absolutnej ani prawu do bycia niedyskryminowanym, ani prawu do wolności religijnej. Nie ustalono też ich wyraźnej hierarchii. Konflikt między nimi rozwiązano na zasadzie szukania równowagi za pomocą koncesji czynionych przez każdą ze stron. Widać jednak, że prawo do bycia niedyskryminowanym jest ograniczane w większym stopniu niż prawo do wolności religijnej. Przeprowadzone analizy ujawniają istnienie we wspomnianej dyrektywie różnych sposobów postrzegania charakteru instytucji religijnych. Pokazują też, że art. 4 dyrektywy stanowi przykład respektowania zasady pomocniczości, ponieważ uwzględnia specyfikę i tradycję państw członkowskich w zakresie regulowania autonomii instytucji religijnych, pozostawiając państwom wiele swobody w dookreśleniu lub nawet modyfikacji przepisów dyrektywy
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2018, 2; 53-70
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Roszczenie o zapłatę wielokrotności stosownego wynagrodzenia w prawie autorskim – głos w obronie status quo na dzień przed wyrokiem Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
    Autorzy:
    Dorota, Sokołowska,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-04-16
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Directive 2004/48/EC
    copyright
    infringement
    damages
    respective remuneration
    multiple amount
    prawo autorskie
    naruszenie
    odszkodowanie
    stosowne wynagrodzenie
    wielokrotność
    Opis:
    The article contains the response to the criticism of the solution regulated under article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b of the Copyright and Related Rights Act made before the Constitutional Tribunal rendered its judgment of 23 June 2015 repealing he above-mentioned legal provision. The genesis of article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b leads to the conclusion that it constituted an autonomous institution of the Polish copyright law. In particular, the claim for payment of a triple amount of the respective remuneration, where the copyright infringement is culpable, was not of a penal nature, neither was it contradictory to the Polish model of liability for damages, moreover at the same time, it was in accordance with the provisions of the Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2017, 72; 349-373
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prawo do swobodnego przemieszczania się w przypadkach bezdomności migrantów wewnątrzunijnych
    Autorzy:
    Magdalena, Mostowska,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894667.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-11-19
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    homelessness
    migration
    freedom of movement
    Directive 2004/38
    European Union
    bezdomność
    migracje
    swoboda przemieszczania się
    Dyrektywa 2004/38
    Unia Europejska
    Opis:
    The article examines interpretations of freedom of movement and access to social assistance within the EU Directive 2004/38. Examples of EU migrants’ homelessness are shown to demonstrate the confusing circularity in the regulations. The paper goes on to the development of local governments’ and voluntary organizations’ practice of limiting support to EU migrants in homelessness. Narrower interpretations of the right to reside are a basis for refusing access to benefits or even shelter. Repressive public space practices lead sometimes even to deportations. These interpretations, practices and public discourse are shown on the examples of the Netherlands, the UK and Sweden. Interpretations of the European law, practices and public debate are tools that limit exercising the right to free movement by socially defining and categorising homeless EU migrants as persons whose rights are dependent on their position on the labour market.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2019, 2; 157-170
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Poziom e-fakturowania w instytucjach publicznych w Polsce
    The level of electronic invoicing in public procurement in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Dobrzaniecka, Ewa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/426502.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Directive 2014/55/EU
    electronic invoicing
    e-invoice
    obligation of receipt
    study on e-invoicing in Poland
    IT solutions
    public sector
    Opis:
    The provisions of Directive 2014/55/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on electronic invoicing in public procurement introduce the obligation of receipt of electronic invoices in public procurement. In Poland, this obligation will come into force on April 18, 2019, which means that every ordering party in public procurement will have to receive an electronic invoice if the contractor issues and sends such a document. It, therefore, became necessary to examine the emerging research gap and obtain the answers to the following questions: What is the level of awareness in public administration about the imminent obligation to receive electronic invoices? What is the organizational and technical level of preparation enabling the implementation of the receipt and processing of e-invoices in public administration? To obtain answers to the research questions posed, a questionnaire survey titled "The state of e-invoicing in public administration. 1st Edition" was conducted on a representative sample of 2028 units of the public procurement sector from February 14 to March 18, 2018. This research was carried out as part of the national project "An intermediary platform for electronic invoicing for the public finance sphere." The results obtained in the study show that the level of awareness and readiness to implement electronic invoicing among entities of the public procurement sector are still at a shallow level and require radical improvement. The level of use of information systems by contracting authorities in public supply is relatively low (26%), integration between internal IT systems occurs only in 13% of surveyed units, and only 2% of respondents currently receive electronic structured invoices. It means that public entities have very little time to reliably and effectively prepare themselves to receive electronic invoices, for example through the implementation of appropriate IT systems and software, changes in the technical and organizational aspects or proper training of employees.
    Źródło:
    e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie; 2018, 3 (75); 72-79
    1731-6758
    1731-7428
    Pojawia się w:
    e-mentor. Czasopismo naukowe Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of Selected Working Conditions of Workers Employed on Drilling and Extraction Platforms in the Light of the European Union and International Law
    Autorzy:
    Magdalena, Rycak,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903007.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    workers employed on drilling and extraction platforms
    non-convention vessels
    Maritime Labour Act of August 5
    2015
    seafarer
    Directive 2003/88/EC
    Council Directive 1999/63/EC
    working time of workers employed on drilling and extraction platforms
    judicial protection and asserting of labour rights of workers on drilling and extraction platforms
    Opis:
    The paper discusses working conditions of workers employed on drilling and extraction platforms as provided for in the Act on maritime labour of August 5, 2015 (henceforth Maritime Labour Act) from the viewpoint of the their compliance with the European Union and international law. The author examines the problem of classification of drilling and extraction platforms as non-convention vessels in the provisions of the Maritime Labour Act. The analysis leads to a conclusion that, in the light of the Maritime Labour Convention adopted in Geneva by the General Conference of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on February 23, 2006 (henceforth the MLC) and the Act of September 18, 2001 – the Maritime Code, drilling or extraction platforms shall be regarded exclusively as seagoing merchant vessels and as such are covered by the MLC provisions. Workers on drilling or extraction platforms, which at the same time are seagoing ships, should be considered seafarers in the meaning of the Maritime Labour Act. The subject of the analysis covers also regulations concerning the organization of working time, in particular referring to workers employed on drilling and extraction platforms, with respect to its compliance with the EU labour law and the MLC. The regulation of working time of workers on drilling or extraction platforms as provided for in the Maritime Labour Act should be regarded as incompliant with the provisions of the Council Directive 1999/63/EC of June 21, 1999 and the MLC in the scope in which it permits extension of weekly working time to 84 hours and abandoning of the Labour Code provisions stipulating the minimum weekly rest period. The author concludes that the provisions of the Maritime Labour Act have not implemented the Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of November 4, 2003 concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time (Directive 2003/88/EC). Finally, the author touches upon the issue of judicial protection and asserting labour rights of workers employed on drilling and extraction platforms. The considerations lead to a conclusion that labour courts have the constitutional grounds for applying the MLC with respect to the working time based on primacy of that international regulation over the respective provision of the Maritime Labour Act. Concluding, the author indicates also that the constitutional rule of social dialogue was infringed during in the law-making process concerning the Maritime Labour Act.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 321-332
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Intricacies of Significant Imbalance as the Cornerstone of Protection against Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts under EU Law
    Autorzy:
    Piotr, Sitnik,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902399.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-11
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations
    consumer interests
    unfair terms
    Directive 93/13
    good faith
    znacząca nierównowaga praw i obowiązków stron
    interesy konsumenta
    klauzule niedozwolone
    Dyrektywa 93/13
    dobre obyczaje
    Opis:
    Significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties to a consumer contract term is, together with good faith, a fundamental pillar of substantive protection against unfair terms. It is the primary tool provided by Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts with a view to mitigating differences in bargaining power between professional traders and consumer on the ever-expanding capitalistic market within the EU. The paper comprehensively reviews the meaning of the “significant imbalance” element by reference to a cross-section of judgments handed by the CJEU and Polish courts. Generally, albeit with a few notable exceptions, the former court has engaged in a subjective-objective exercise aimed at discovering what the balance of rights and obligations would have been between the parties in the particular dispute at hand had it not been for the purportedly unfair clause. Besides that, the requirement has been utilized to impose ad bolster a host of information duties levied on traders so that protection is extended to cases where the consumer is unaware of their rights or are deterred from enforcing them due to procedural obstacles or prohibitive costs of judicial or administrative proceedings. The requirement of significant balance, rooted in the idea that the disproportion of market power between the parties to a disputed term necessitates government or judicial intervention to achieve or restore contractual equilibrium, is shown from a plethora of angles: its ideological foundations, practical connotations, its emphasis on consumer vulnerability and approach to economic power. Assistance and inspiration re gleaned from Polish jurisprudence where numerous questions either unanswered by the CJEU or left to the consideration of national courts, particularly the relation between reasonableness, on the one hand, and significant imbalance and good faith on the other, as well as between significant imbalance and good faith, have been tackled.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 82; 227-262
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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