Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "negative" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16
Tytuł:
The role of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of pilonidal disease
Autorzy:
Jan, Chmielecki,
Josephine, Ferenc,
Tomasz, Banasiewicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776438.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Pilonidal disease is a particularly difficult disorderto treat. Guidelines and recommendations for the treatment ofpilonidal disease neglect the use of negative pressure woundtherapy (NPWT), but studies strongly support the role of NPWTin preventing surgical site infection in high-risk patients.During a webinar on the pilonidal disease, we asked 51participants to complete a questionnaire about the treatmentof pilonidal disease. They answered questions about treatmentpractices for patients with a pilonidal disease, and the use ofNPWT.The study showed that a relatively large number of surgeonsuse NPWT to treat patients with the pilonidal disease. Themajority of them are satisfied with maintaining the tightnessand effectiveness of a vacuum dressing and would use thesingle-use NPWT systems if they were more easily available andaffordable. It seems that the NPWT in the pilonidal disease isincreasingly used and this method is gaining popularity amongpractitioners.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 1; 14-17
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The negative impact of scientific ideology on education about the moral status of animals
Autorzy:
Dorota, Probucka,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/892315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-08-23
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
ethics
animals
scientific ideology
positivism
behaviourism
Opis:
The article presents an analysis of the ethical views of Bernard Rollin, an American zoologist and philosopher who examined how the education about the moral status of animals has been affected by the so-called scientific ideology. This way of thinking denies animal suffering and consciousness in stark contrast with our commonsense knowledge and collective human experience. Rollin points to positivism and behaviourism as twin philosophical and psychological sources of this scientific ideology. Positivism rejected the concept of consciousness as a subjective, metaphysical, unscientific, non-measurable state and separated science from values and ethics. Behaviourism further obstructed moral reflection on the acceptable methods of treatment of animals not only by eliminating the category of animal consciousness, but also by replacing the vocabulary to describe its experimental manifestations with one of observable actions (reinforcement and aversion). Behaviourism denies animal suffering and other states of consciousness on the epistemological principle that they are difficult to verify. This paradigm continues to be successfully applied in modern biomedical laboratories and blinds scientists to both the pain inflicted on animals and the moral repercussions of animal consciousness. Positivism and behaviourism alike cast animals as models and biological mechanisms to distort our understanding of their nature and justify their harm. The article presents an analysis of the ethical views of Bernard Rollin, an American zoologist and philosopher who examined how the education about the moral status of animals has been affected by the so-called scientific ideology. This way of thinking denies animal suffering and consciousness in stark contrast with our commonsense knowledge and collective human experience. Rollin points to positivism and behaviourism as twin philosophical and psychological sources of this scientific ideology. Positivism rejected the concept of consciousness as a subjective, metaphysical, unscientific, non-measurable state and separated science from values and ethics. Behaviourism further obstructed moral reflection on the acceptable methods of treatment of animals not only by eliminating the category of animal consciousness, but also by replacing the vocabulary to describe its experimental manifestations with one of observable actions (reinforcement and aversion). Behaviourism denies animal suffering and other states of consciousness on the epistemological principle that they are difficult to verify. This paradigm continues to be successfully applied in modern biomedical laboratories and blinds scientists to both the pain inflicted on animals and the moral repercussions of animal consciousness. Positivism and behaviourism alike cast animals as models and biological mechanisms to distort our understanding of their nature and justify their harm.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny; 2017, 62(2 (244)); 261-269
0023-5938
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Severe deep neck infections successfully treated with negative pressure wound therapy with instillation - a case report
Autorzy:
Krzysztof, Szmyt,
Adam, Bobkiewicz,
Łukasz, Krokowicz,
Tomasz, Banasiewicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776400.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Background: Deep neck infection (DNI) is a life-threatening complication associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates. The most common causes of DNI are the tonsilitis, dentitis, salivary glands inflammation, malignancies, and foreign bodies. As a result of neck infection, patients are at high risk of potential secondary complications which include: descending mediastinitis, pleural empyema, septicemia, jugular vein thrombosis, pericarditis. We presented a case of successful management of DNI with the utility of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (iNPWT). Method: A 37-year-old male with deep neck infection due to dentitis was qualified for iNPWT. Due to previous incisions and drainage of the neck abscesses, some undermined wounds drained towards each other’s were revealed with an excessive amount of purulent content. Standard NPWT dressing was placed and polyurethane foam was covered with contact layer dressing. Additionally, an inflow drain was placed within one of the wounds in regard to instill an antimicrobial solution. The wound was instilled four times daily. Results: The patient underwent a total of eight iNWPT sessions. Locally, a reduction in purulent content was achieved with a decrease of wounds’ dimensions and improvement of wound bed granulation. Moreover, improvement of the patient’s general condition and decrease of inflammatory markers was achieved. Conclusions: iNPWT may play an important role in the management of combined, complicated wounds due to DNI. The instilled antimicrobial solution facilitates dissolving and removing of the purulent content that impairs the wound healing.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2020, 7, 2; 10-14
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in Breast Surgery
Autorzy:
Abdalla, SAAD ABDALLA AL-ZAWI,
Vanessa, SALIH,
Amira, Asaad,
Rebecca, Harsten,
Abdou, Alkhir, Momen
Hamad, BenRafe,
Tomasz, Banasiewicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Background: The use of Negative Pressure Wound Dressing has been found to promote the wound healing process, therefore, reducing the risk of surgical site complications. The use of this technique amongst breast cancer patients, who have often encountered a distressing journey, may prove beneficial in making the post-operative process less eventful. Many of these patients have a limited time window to start adjuvant treatment. The use of a negative pressure device is recommended in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. NPWT may also be used in patients who have undergone cosmetic breast surgery. We have evaluated the use of NPWT in breast surgery with an updated and systematic review of the available literature. Methods: The authors systematically searched the PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online databases using the phrases “Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Breast surgery” and “Vacuum-Assisted Closure in Breast Wound” and all publications, including relevant data were considered eligible for inclusion in the review. Results: We have found reports of 7 studies, 3 retrospective, 2 prospective, one randomized trial, and one case series. The complication rate in the NPWT group versus conventional dressing group has been reported in 5 papers. A statistically significant effect in favor of NPWT was documented in three trials. Conclusion: The current evidence supports the notion that NPWT systems are beneficial in enhancing the healing of complicated breast wounds. However, larger studies exploring the effectiveness of this technique would be of interest to breast surgeons.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 4; 10-14
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The study of basic everyday chemical knowledge... of undergraduate students of non-chemical branches of natural sciences
Autorzy:
Cieśla, Paweł
Nodzyńska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/472576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
scientific knowledge
colloquial knowledge
negative transfer
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia; 2018, VIII
2083-7267
2450-3487
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Biologiae Pertinentia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exploiting the values of negative feedback from students reflections as an innovative approach for pedagogical professional development
Autorzy:
Khang, Nguyễn, Duy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/890335.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-28
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
feedback
innovation
pedagogy
professional development
students’ reflection
higher education
Opis:
This paper investigates how the values of negative feedback from students’reflections should be exploited and utilized as an approach of pedagogical development. It was extracted as a step of the 3-year-action-research circles with an empirical study using the data collected from 96 cases of students’ reflections in a university of Poland for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Regardless the limitation of the diversity of the research tools and types of data, the study found the noticeable lessons through the process of problematizing the significant learning. The data was framed from the negative awareness at the wording and surface levels for quantitative descriptive and then these signals were directed to locate the messages holding the negative signals for qualitative analysis. Eight groups of codes were categorized using Atlas.ti from 172 quotations, extracted from 140 extracts of 96 cases of students’ reflections. The findings show that the negative signals are important to the teacher’s modifications and actions to alternate the future plans and teaching. In addition, seven problems were also generated from analyzing the quotations using this design. The attempts to fix these problems would facilitate the teachers to improve the skills of teaching and quality of the course. A different way of looking at students’ negative signals of this paper could be seen as an innovative approach to pedagogical development in comparison to the common usage of feedback itself which has been exploited divergently in education.
Źródło:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies; 2017, 4(1); 16-26
2392-0092
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The The role of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in the management of orocutaneous fistulas in cancer patients - a case series: Case series.
Autorzy:
Iwona, Niedzielska,
Katarzyna, Ściskała,
Michał, Bąk,
Damian, Niedzielski,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776398.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Background: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is used in the treatment of various wounds. The study demonstrates a novel use of vessel patch as a sealant of mucosal orifice fistulas. Methods: The study included ten patients with orocutaneous fistulas in the course of treatment of oral malignancies. Patients were divided into treatment (NPWT) and control (conventional dressings) group. In four cases, the vessel patch was applied. We used the Hartmann Vivano system with 50 mmHg to 130 mmHg negative pressure values. Results: The median age of patients was 61.5 years (range: 31 -- 73 years). The median treatment time was 83 days (range: 14 -- 272 days). The median total treatment cost was 5.300 EUR (range: 2490 -- 7821 EUR) in the NPWT group and 12.000 EUR (range: 3.060 -- 22.745 EUR) in the control group. Conclusion: The use of NPWT is a cost-effective and reasonable method for the management of orocutaneous fistulas and other complications in maxillofacial surgery.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 4; 4-9
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Necrotizing Fasciitis and Compartment Syndrome of the Upper Extremity — a case report
Autorzy:
Attila, Enyedi,
Gábor, Mudriczki,
Tamás, Bazsó,
Ferenc, Győry,
Zsolt, Susán,
László, Damjanovich,
Zsolt, Szentkereszty,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a lifethreateninginfection of the subcutaneous tissues that spreadsalong the underlying fascia. Despite the early and aggressivesurgical fasciotomy and necrectomy, its mortality rate is stillhigh. In NF the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)shows good effects on wound healing and on the primary closureof the concomitant extended tissue defects.Case report: A 32-year-old male patient was admitted witha four-day history of fever (39.1C), pain, swelling, erythemaof the right elbow and the upper arm. On admission, extensiveerythema and swelling were seen on the right forearm, arm,and the pectoral region with superficial skin bullae. Based onthe clinical symptoms and laboratory tests immediate surgerywas indicated. Extended fasciotomy and necrosectomy wereperformed on the full extremity and pectoral region. Negativepressure wound therapy was started immediately afterwardwith -120 mmHg concomitantly with antibiotic therapy.Results: After five cycles of NPWT the patient recoveredwithout needing any plastic surgical intervention. The functionaland aesthetic results were excellent.Conclusion: In the case of extended NF of the upper extremitythe aggressive surgery and NPWT are relatively safe andeffective.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 1; 5-8
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The “Ignored Challenge”, Urban Sprawl and its Negative Impacts in Poland: A Comparison between the EU and U.S.
Autorzy:
Juli, Ponce,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
urban sprawl
urban growth boundaries
new urbanism
smart growth
housing
Opis:
Nieład urbanizacyjny to ważki problem w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej, a także w USA. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje koncepcje nieładu urbanizacyjnego, jego motywy i negatywne efekty środowiskowe, socjalne i ekonomiczne w kontekście UE, posługując się jako studium przypadkiem Polski. Badania dotyczą możliwych sposobów kontroli nieładu urbanizacyjnego i promowania niewielkich miast przez właściwe interwencje publiczne, ochronę dobrze rozumianego interesu publicznego, biorąc także pod uwagę doświadczenia amerykańskie takie jak Nowa Urbanistyka i Inteligentny Rozwój oraz niektóre doświadczenia europejskie.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica; 2016, 63; 161-174
0137-4346
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adolescents positive and negative risk behaviors versus the educational environment and selected personal traits
Autorzy:
Grażyna, Katra,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/896448.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-12
Wydawca:
Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej. Wydawnictwo APS
Tematy:
junior high school adolescent
cognitive assessment
emotional reactions
behaviour modelling
aggressive coping strategy
social conflict situation
Opis:
The aim of the research wasthe relationship between cognitive assessment of the conflict situation, emotional reflection of the situation and examining the coping strategies of parents in the conflict situation and the presence of aggressive coping strategies of adolescents in social conflict situations. In the research the author took advantage of the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS) D. Włodarczyk, K. Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TISCO) by C. Spielberger, K. Wrześniewski, the author's questionnaire for examining the parental strategy as perceived by a child (SRwSK) and the author’s questionnaire testing the adolescent coping strategies in a social conflict situation (KSMK). Empirical studies were carried out in junior high schools in Wroclaw and the surrounding area. They involved 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. Analysis of the research results has proven that assessing a situation as a threat intensifies the aggression strategy of adolescent coping in a social conflict situation. The research shows that adolescents participation in a situation when realization of their own aspirations are in danger intensifies negative emotions. Aggression is a form of coping with anger and anxiety felt in a social conflict situation. It was found that parents who apply a strategy based on aggression contribute to the modelling of aggressive strategies used by young people. It should be noted that sex plays an important role in the modelling. Impacts made by a parent of the opposite sex which favours the strategy of aggression developed by adolescent young people was also noted.
Źródło:
Psychologia Wychowawcza; 2016, 52(10); 7-31
0033-2860
Pojawia się w:
Psychologia Wychowawcza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negative pressure wound therapy as a „bridge” forthe final reconstruction of tissue defect following adegloving injury of the forearm – a case report
Autorzy:
Izabela, Ratnicka,
Karolina, Kondej,
Justyna, Jończyk,
Magdalena, Graczyk,
Barbara, Chrzanowska,
Jerzy, Jankau,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776386.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Degloving injuries are traumatic avulsions usually resulting in large areas of soft tissue defects. The injury involves separation of skin and subcutaneous tissue from fascia and muscles. The complex nature of these injuries requires a patient-oriented multidisciplinary surgical approach and a wide variety of therapeutic options. Negative pressure wound therapy can be of benefit at every stage of the long-lasting treatment. In this paper, we present a case of a 29-year-old male after an occupational accident with a conveyor belt leading to a degloving injury of the right forearm treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Medical University in Gdańsk. The use of NPWT, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, dermal regeneration templates, skin grafting, and early rehabilitation resulted in an excellent functional and aesthetic outcome.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 3; 4-7
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Novel, self-made and cost-ective technique for closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy
Autorzy:
Andrzej, Walczak, Dominik
Maciej, Grajek,
Marcin, Zeman,
Tomasz, Pałka,
Mathias, Kalkum,
Mirosław, Dobrut,
Piotr, Drozdowski,
Rafał, Ulczok,
Karolina, Donocik,
Adam, Maciejewski,
Łukasz, Krakowczyk,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776394.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
Background: It has been suggested that applying the negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to a closedsurgical incision may hasten the healing of the incision and decrease the incidence of wound healing complications. The goal of this study is to present the new idea of a simple, self-made, low-cost wound vacuum dressing for closed-incision NPWT that may become an alternative to currently manufactured medicalindustry products.Method: We designed a simple dressing for closed-incision NPWT from gauze pads, polyurethane adhesive film, stoma paste, and a drain tube. Negative pressure was created using a standard 50 ml syringe connected to the drain. First, the dressing was applied to the wound model and on the healthy volunteer. Finally, the dressing was applied to 10 patients after low anterior rectal resection. The vacuum dressing was left in place for 3 days, then changed and placed once more for the next 3 days.Results: We did not observe any adverse effects associatedwith the dressing. All postoperative wounds healed properly. 18 out of 20 dressings were still air-tight 72h post-placement.Conclusions: This simple, self-made dressing for NPWT is safe and effective and may decrease the wound infection rate. However future studies are needed to confirm that hypothesis.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2020, 7, 1; 8-10
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Instillation-TIME (iTIME) as a rationale amendment for TIME conception. Is there enough evidence for the efficiency of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation (iNPWT) to announce a breakthrough idea for wound treatment?
Autorzy:
Adam, Bobkiewicz,
Adam, Studniarek,
Łukasz, Krokowicz,
Michał, Drews,
Tomasz, Banasiewicz,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/776392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Medigent
Opis:
An increased number of patients developing difficult-to-heal wounds results in billions spending for chronic wound care management. Introduction of TIME conception has been a breakthrough idea for wound healing based on phase-adapted wound therapy that interacts and influence each other and included: T – tissue management, I - infection control, M - moisture balance, E - edge of the wound. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) revolutionized the management of wound healing. Moreover, recently NPWT with instillation (iNPWT) has gained the popularity of optimizing wound healing. In the context of acceleration of wound healing, iNPWT meets the criteria of the TIME conception. All individual components of TIME strategy are found in iNPWT providing “all in one” conception. Such management is easy to apply, monitor and it is well- tolerated by patients. Based on the current studies, iNPWT is found to be an important alternative for other methods of wound healing. It is believed that iNPWT will evolve and gain popularity as an innovative treatment for TIME conception.
Źródło:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal; 2019, 6, 2; 7-8
2392-0297
Pojawia się w:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nicolai Hartmann: poza egoizmem i altruizmem (z historii materialnej etyki wartości)
Nicolai Hartmann: beyond egoism and altruism (research into the history of material ethics of values)
Autorzy:
Kopciuch, Leszek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/423217.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
egoism
altruism
value
axiological order
axiological duty
positive and negative values of egoism
egoizm
altruizm
wartość
porządek aksjologiczny
powinność aksjologiczna
pozytywna i negatywna wartość egoizmu
Opis:
Nicolai Hartmann is a representative of 20th-century German material ethic of values. In this paper I demonstrate the main arguments he gave against egoism and altruism. The arguments presented are as follows: a real egoistic tendency in a person does not result in the moral or axiological order or duty; egoism and altruism are related in a person; egoism and altruism are both one-sided positions. Hartmann affirms that egoism also has specific positive, indirect and direct values.
Źródło:
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych; 2015, 27; 47-61
0860-4487
Pojawia się w:
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ rodzaju wzmocnienia wywołanego przez grę komputerową na reakcje afektywne gracza
The effect of the type of enhancing caused by computer games on the player’s affective reactions
Autorzy:
Kazuła, Aleksandra
Stankiewicz, Aleksandra
Włochowicz, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/459997.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
reakcje afektywne
gry komputerowe
hipoteza frustracji-agresji uzależnienie
pozytywne/negatywne wzmocnienia
affective response
computer games Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
addiction
negative/positive reinforcement
Opis:
Cel badań. Celem badania było określenie, jaki wpływ mają wzmocnienia wywołane przez grę komputerową na reakcje afektywne gracza. Metodologia. W badaniu wzięło udział 25 osób (11 mężczyzn i 14 kobiet). Wykorzystano grę Mario Power Tennis w dwóch wariantach trudności – łatwym i zaawansowanym – które miały dostarczać odpowiednio wzmocnień pozytywnych i negatywnych. Wszyscy badani grali na obu stopniach trudności. Po każdej rozgrywce wypełniali Kwestionariusz Stanów Afektywnych sprawdzający poziom odczuwanej frustracji, ekscytacji, znudzenia oraz spokoju. Proszono również o deklarację chęci dokończenia przerwanej rozgrywki oraz powrotu do gry w przyszłości. Wyniki badań. Stwierdzono występowanie dodatniego związku między odczuwaną frustracją a ilością doświadczanych negatywnych wzmocnień podczas gry. Nie wykazano natomiast istnienia zależności między doświadczaniem pozytywnych wzmocnień a chęcią kontynuacji i powrotu do gry. Badani mężczyźni posiadają średnio wyższe doświadczenie w grach elektronicznych niż kobiety; odczuwali też podczas gry średnio niższe znudzenie. Im bardziej doświadczony był gracz, tym oceniał rozgrywkę w warunkach trudnych jako bardziej wymagającą, wyżej oceniał swoją chęć dokończenia jej oraz chęć powrotu do takiej wersji gry w przyszłości. Wzrostowi ocen chęci dokończenia gry towarzyszyły wyższe oceny poziomu trudności rozgrywki oraz odczuwanej ekscytacji. Wnioski. Obecna w grach komputerowych agresja nie jest jedynym czynnikiem, którym powinno się wyjaśniać związek gier z zachowaniami agresywnymi. Rozgrywka wzmacniająca negatywnie może prowadzić do stanu frustracji, który z kolei stanowi predyktor zachowań agresywnych. Aby gra wywoływała chęć dłuższej rozgrywki, musi stanowić pewne wyzwanie i w ten sposób wywoływać pozytywne emocje (pozytywnie wzmacniać). Mogą to być więc istotne czynniki w wyjaśnianiu afektywnych reakcji prowadzących u graczy do skłonności do uzależnień.
The objective. The goal of the research is to evaluate the impact of positive and negative reinforcement induced by computer games on players affective reactions. Methodology. The respondents were 11 men and 14 women. The used game was Mario Power Tennis in two levels – easy and advanced – that were providing positive and negative reinforcements. All participants were tested on both levels of difficulty. After each game respondents filled out the Affective States Questionnaire that checked the level of frustration, excitement, boredom and calmness. They were also asked to declare willingness to finish the interrupted game and return to it in the future. The results. There is a positive connection between the perceived frustration and the amount of negative reinforcement experienced during the game. However, there is no relation between experiencing positive reinforcements and the desire to continue the game and return to it. Men have an average higher experience in electronic games than women and experienced lower level of boredom during the game. The increase in desire to finish the game was accompanied by higher ratings of difficulty level and experienced excitement. The findings. The aggression presented in games is not the only possible factor explaining relationship between games and aggressive behavior. Negative reinforcement can lead to frustration – the predictor of aggressive behaviour. To encourage player to play longer, the game must be a challenge and deliver positive emotions. Those factors might be significant in explaining affective reactions leading players to addiction.
Źródło:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk; 2019, 9; 427-438
2084-1426
Pojawia się w:
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies