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    Tytuł:
    Люстрація в Польщі та Чехії: розбіжність типів, чинників та наслідків
    Lustracja w Polsce i w Czechach: odmienność typów, czynników i konsekwencji
    Autorzy:
    Мінєнкова, Наталія
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489444.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
    Tematy:
    lustration,
    postcomunìsm, systemic transformation, political regime
    Opis:
    It has been defined the specific scientific definition of lustration, as political practices in the countries of postcomunìsm. In particular, two approaches in its interpretation are outlined: the traditional – removing individuals from participating in political life or legal punishment for actions during the previous regime, retroactive – disclosure of information about certain actions, and the persons that were recognized as criminals, punishment in this case carried primarily a moral character. It has been outlined the five factors that determine the success of the lustration practices: the moral authority and the political will of the new Government; support the idea of cleansing, upgrading power structures in society; the presence of the legislative framework that carries the standards of international law, which is based on the world experience; saving archives (documents), based on which one can set the criminal actions of the authorities; the existence of personnel, capable and worthy to carry out the lustration law. It has been defined that in Poland and the Czech Republic the identified factors have had a different weight, but the common features to both countries were: the process of “wildlife lustration”, as well as the avoidance of the lustration procedures of significant part of the past regime collaborators. It has been determined the specifics of lustration in Poland and Czech Republic in the period of postcomunìsm. In particular, in Poland lustration started much later than the systemic transformation, the present process is not completed (not in the legal field, or in the practical implementation). It has been taken place the retrospective type – which is aimed, mainly, on the restoration of historical justice. In the Czech Republic, on the contrary, the lustration started simultaneously with the transformation changes, aimed to protect, first of all, the new State from abuse authoritarian last (a promising type). The Czech Republic is one of the few countries of postcomunìsm where this practice had the completed character in the legal aspect. It is emphasized that these different types of lustration in Poland and the Czech Republic were caused by different types of transformation. In Poland reformist and compromise nature of systemic changes actually made the conduct of lustration fast and efficient. In the Czech Republic revolutionary transformation, on contrary, have caused rapid adoption of laws on lustration law: under the pressure of society’s new elite were forced unpopular changes which were contrary to the persuasion and personal prejudice.
    Źródło:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2014, 4; 153-157
    2312-8933
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Зовнішні дилеми політичної ідентифікації українців
    Zewnętrzne dylematy politycznej identyfikacji Ukraińców
    Autorzy:
    Новакова, Олена
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489412.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
    Tematy:
    transformation
    geopolitical orientations
    political identification
    social consolidation
    democratic values
    Opis:
    The author of the article notes that modern Ukraine is in a state of systemic transformation, the essence of which is to choose between conservative and modernization projects of the formation of Ukrainian statehood. This choice is compounded by the state of the socio-political crisis, military aggression and the weakness of its own geopolitical strategy. The leading factor in overcoming the modern challenges and the formation of a sovereign democratic state is the identification of citizens in public life, their consolidation around a common system of values. The processes of consolidation of Ukrainian society are clearly reflected in the dynamics of geopolitical priorities, as they serve as a unique marker of the citizens’ position in all the most important issues of political development. Together with their cultural and civilization choice, Ukrainians choose between democracy and authoritarianism, legal protection and corruption, equal cooperation in the international arena and the status of «younger brother». It is Ukraine’s role in the geopolitical environment that is crucial for its foreign policy aimed at forming strategic partnerships and effective protection of sovereignty in the international arena. At the same time, the main function of foreign policy is to compensate for internal problems and create favorable conditions for the realization and protection of national interests. The study of empirical indexes on the geopolitical orientation of Ukrainians made it possible to determine the main tendencies and peculiarities of the processes of foreign policy identification in modern Ukraine. It is noted that there is a rather active formation of a civil consensus around the Euro-Atlantic civilization’s choice. This is evidenced by an increase in the support of this choice in the national dimension and a marked convergence of regional positions on this issue. The conclusion is drawn about the formation of a stable tendency to strengthen the European integration orientations of Ukrainians. The continuation of military, political and cultural-information aggression of Russia makes the greatest influence on this tendency. The main motives of the European choice of Ukrainians are the desire for material well-being, legal protection and adherence to democratic values. In most cases, rapprochement with NATO is justified by the aspirations of the country’s security, reliable protection against aggressive actions, first of all, of Russia. In addition, the objective is to modernize the army in accordance with international standards and to increase the international prestige of Ukraine. The idea of Eurasian integration is noticeably losing its popularity, especially in the regions directly confronted with the military aggression of Russia (East and West). The idea of a kind of neutrality, that is, non-alignment with any unions, preserves the considerable support, mainly due to the passage of votes from the camp of opponents of rapprochement with the EU and NATO. The identified trends in the dynamics of the geopolitical priorities of Ukrainians are largely due to external factors and are still hardly supported by the domestic reforms of the country, as negative things such as corruption, low level of trust in power, slow pace of modernization of socio-economic sphere and low welfare of citizens persist. Under such conditions, the Ukrainian political elite should focus on the creation and implementation of effective strategies for integration and identification of citizens at the expense of real modernization of the economy and raising the standard of living.
    Źródło:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2018, 8; 95-102
    2312-8933
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Теоретико-методологічниі аспекти технологій легітимації політичної влади в Україні
    Theoretical and Methodology Aspects of the Technologies’ Legitimation of Political Power in Ukraine
    Autorzy:
    Чубаєвський, Віталій
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489438.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
    Tematy:
    Ukraine
    democratic transformation
    political power
    technologies of the legitimation
    of political power
    the electoral process
    Opis:
    The analysis of theoretical and methodological aspects of the essence, content and specificity of the application of technologies’ legitimation of political power in Ukraine at the stage of democratic transformation has been shown in the article. These technologies are defined as a kind of social engineering, deliberate, purposeful action to influence a wide range of subjects of political relations, with the aim of creating a positive image of the government using evidence-based set of tools, methods and procedures. The attention has been focused on the unexplored side of the legitimation of power – its symbolic regulation and organizations, in particular the mythologizing and ideologizing. The legitimacy of power in Ukraine before the events of the Euromaidan was being achieved thanks to legitimate technology of simulation of democratic changes, which is a type of the virtualization technology. The analysis of the nature of the relationship between the state and society at the time of independence with the release of the respective stages, which in fact match the timing of presidential candidacies and is evidenced by the domination of certain legitimate technologies, has been implemented. At the present stage of socio-political development of Ukraine the populism in all the richness of its forms and manifestations and means of use acquires threatening volumes. The most dangerous consequences of destructive influence of populism are: the formation of an overly simplified picture of the socio-political reality; the delegitimization of the existing political and social order due to its constant criticism; the formation of two-dimensional («people» – «enemies») picture of the world with the simultaneous vulgarization of the complex problems’ solution, etc. The process of legitimation of political power during elections, and, respectively, the related electoral technologies, occurs at all stages of the electoral process – well before the official nomination of the applicants to obtain powers. For example, for the formation of public opinion in the period between elections the technology of the customized polls which referred to the defendants in the upcoming elections is used. The legitimation of power occurs during the nomination and registration of candidates, political parties and blocks of political parties – participants in the electoral competition, in the formation of their campaign offices and funds of the election commissions, election campaigning, the actual voting and also during appeals and judicial processes. Especially dangerous to society and to the development of democracy is manipulative constitutional and legal technology, when the electoral laws and even constitutional provisions «wing» as the political situation. The ruling circles with the manner of application of certain provisions of the electoral system, particularly the type of electoral system, size of entry barriers, permission or prohibition of participation in elections of blocs of political parties, the order of formation of election commissions, etc. form the preconditions for the victory of certain political forces. The modern period of social development is marked by a significant influence on the formation of people’s consciousness of communication and information technologies, as television and radio create the illusion of presence of the broad masses of the population, including the audience abroad. Psychological and image-based technologies are designed to influence the consciousness and sub consciousness of the person. The use of such technologies is quite different from the ordinary informing of man. They are aimed at disruption of its activities. The purpose of these operations – is the impact on the public consciousness in a certain direction, aiming at the subordination of the will of the people and their behavior in such a way as to force them to act, if not against their own interests, then with a significant «correction» in favor of the initiators of the use of such technologies. The technologies are used not only for political legitimation of the power, but its de-legitimization. A common practice of de-legitimization of candidates seeking to get to power is the technology of «black PR», «dirty» technologies, the publication of compromising materials on the Internet with their subsequent legalization in the Ukrainian mass media, etc. The special feature of the development of the political process in Ukraine is the use of «dirty» technologies associated with the artificial aggravation of inter-regional contradictions. Their use has become widespread since the early 2000s and lasted until the beginning of the dramatic events connected with the annexation of Crimea and the exclusion of the Eastern territories of the country by an external aggressor. The main direction technologies of the political power legitimation is their virtualization and symbolic regulation, the content of which depends on the characteristics legitimate periods of functioning of the political power in Ukraine. The current stage of the political power legitimation in Ukraine, which began with the overthrow of the regime of Yanukovych, certifies the playback of her previous technologies of democratic reforms’ imitation.
    Źródło:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 179-191
    2312-8933
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Взаємодія державної влади та громадянського суспільства в Україні в умовах системних викликів сучасності (кратологічно-управлінський і антропологічний дискурси)
    The interaction of government and civil society in Ukraine in conditions of systemic challenges (kratalogical, management analysis and anthropological discourses)
    Autorzy:
    Бульбенюк, Світлана
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489452.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
    Tematy:
    political power,
    government,
    civil society,
    the state,
    the ruling class,
    «opinion leaders»,
    transformation
    Opis:
    We consider the issues of interaction between government and civil society in modern Ukraine in terms of system calls through the prism kratological and management analysis and anthropological discourses. These discourses are concentrated in the kratological domain of research, because the issues of power in the domestic space forever are key in the theoretical and practical plane. Nowadays, the kratological discourse is complemented by the problem of studying the network of civil society and the E-state, which causes a qualitatively different view of political power - as a disperse phenomenon, a set of political alternatives known and equal to all rules. The author draws attention to the importance of lighting latent internal mechanisms for the implementation of political and / or power state for a deeper understanding of trends, implications and possible prospects of implementation of the strategy of systemic transformation of the Ukrainian state and society. At the same time, special attention is paid to the formation of a de facto semi-political confrontation between political and social actors of two types - representatives of the establishment and "opinion leaders" of the traditional and networked civil society. If the former are mainly representatives of the domestic political class of the post-Soviet period, then the latter are activists, intellectuals, artists, public, and eventually also potential statesmen (say, the young generation of people's deputies of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the VIII convocation), who came to the political and social advance during or after the revolutionary events of autumn 2013 - the winter of 2014. It is proved that in the conditions of those splits that occur now in Ukraine, the key social and political actors of socio-political shifts should be updated representatives of the ruling class, on the one hand, and «opinion leaders» from among the traditional and the network of civil society, on the other hand. Substantiates the view that the expression of an effective and truly democratic interaction of the state and civil society should be to ensure transparent competitive environment and creating a realm where it becomes possible political dialogue between the government and citizens, which the state is ready to negotiate with its citizens about the important issues of social development. After all, the main problems of the national state building in Ukraine in the last two and a half decades are related precisely to the fact that the domestic ruling class has not managed to conduct a permanent public dialogue with citizens, and those attempts to formulate and put forward relevant projects of social agreements that were carried out by social actors from the civil society, did not find an adequate response from the political actors on the part of the state. Thus, it can be argued that while the attempts to "conventionalisation" Ukrainian political life are a model of "one-gates", when only one side of a potential public-public dialogue and the conclusion of a social contract on its basis is interested in such a process. Moreover, the representatives of the establishment of various ideological and ideological and geopolitical directions, from the conventionally "pro-Moscow" to the conditionally "pro-American" and "pro-European" ones, have shown their disinterest. The basis of such a political dialogue should be symbolic of the conclusion convene social contract between senior representatives of the state and civil society on the basis of a political and social compromise. The importance of achieving a political and social compromise is due not only to the fact that without its achievement it is impossible to speak about the further political and socio-economic progress of our state in the conditions of a long Russian-Ukrainian military conflict and the unsolved numerous splits (intergenerational, value, structural-institutional, geopolitical And others) within the domestic society, but also because in recent decades, under the influence of the deployment and deepening of the processes of informatization and globalization in a substantial way the understanding of political and / or state power has changed - its essence, purpose, features of interaction with society and citizens. A true "conventionalisation" of domestic political life is possible only on condition of recognition of the equality of both subjects in the conclusion of such a symbolic pact - and the leading figures of the political class and civil society actors, with their circle to be expanded as much as possible, including through the involvement of representatives of the network civil society, various communities of so-called "grassroots" public initiatives.
    Źródło:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 163-171
    2312-8933
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Особливості історичного розвитку Венесуели: минуле і сучасність
    Features of Historical Development of Venezuela: Past and Present
    Autorzy:
    Романюк, В.О.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22676569.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-03-18
    Wydawca:
    National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Institute of World History
    Tematy:
    регіон Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну
    Венесуела
    нафтоетатична модель
    трансформація політичних процесів
    доктрина «боліваріанської революції»
    «венесуельський антиамериканізм»
    партисипаторна демократія
    the region of Latin America and the Caribbean
    Venezuela
    oil-containing model
    transformation of political processes
    the doctrine of the “Bolivarian revolution”
    “Venezuelan anti-аmericanism”
    participatory democracy
    Opis:
    У статті розглянуто особливості історичного розвитку Венесуели від часу проголошення незалежності на початку ХІХ ст. до періоду правління президентів Уго Чавеса та Ніколаса Мадуро. Окрему увагу приділено важливій в історії Венесуели події – відкриттю в 1914 р. гігантського родовища нафти в районі озера Маракайбо, запровадженню та подальшому розвитку так званої нафтоетатичної моделі, впливу нафтогазового видобутку і переробки вуглеводних ресурсів на суспільно-політичне становище країни. Досліджено період правління президента Венесуели У. Чавеса (1998-2013 рр.), розглянуто загальні тези доктрини «боліваріанської революції» та програми побудови «боліваріанського соціалізму», визначено надбання та проблеми реалізації у Венесуелі партисипаторної демократії, проаналізовано окремі зовнішньополітичні ініціативи президента та кроки, спрямовані на лідерство в регіоні Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну. У статті проаналізовано антиамериканізм, як характерний напрям зовнішньої політики У. Чавеса та настроїв венесуельського суспільства, досліджено особливості розвитку венесуело-українських двосторонніх відносин. Зроблено узагальнення досвіду державотворення та проведення реформ у Венесуелі та використання окремих підходів щодо лідерства в регіоні Латинської Америки та Карибського басейну для активізації та посилення ролі України в європейському регіональному співробітництві.
    The article examines the features of historical development of Venezuela since the proclamation of the country’s independence at the beginning of the 19th century up to the modern period of governing by the Venezuelan presidents Hugo Chavez and Nicolas Maduro. The article pays a special attention to an important event in the history of Venezuela - the 1914 discovery of a giant oil field in the region of Maracaibo Lake, Venezuela’s implementation and further development of the so-called oil-containing model and the impact of the oil and gas production and processing of carbon resources on the socio-political situation in the country and well-being of the Venezuelan people. The period of the reign of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez (1998-2013) has been studied in more detail. The general thesis of the doctrine of the “Bolivarian revolution” have been considered and certain provisions end attainments of the program to construct the “Bolivarian socialism”, have been detected certain achievements and problems of implementing the participatory democracy in Venezuela. Certain foreign policy initiatives of the president and specific steps aimed at achieving the leading role in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean have been analyzed. The article highlights anti-Americanism as a peculiar trend of Hugo Chavez’s foreign policy and the sentiments of Venezuelan society, the peculiarities of Venezuela-Ukraine bilateral relations development have been emphasized. It has been concluded that it is advisable to further study the experience of creating the state and carrying out reforms in Venezuela for its possible further use in the development of our state, as well as using certain Venezuelan approaches regarding its leadership in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean in order to enhance and strengthen the role of Ukraine in the European regional cooperation.
    Źródło:
    Проблеми всесвітньої історії; 2021, 13; 107-132
    2707-6776
    Pojawia się w:
    Проблеми всесвітньої історії
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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