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Tytuł:
Консультативна модель інформаційної демократії
Consultative Model of Information Democracy
Autorzy:
Mytko, Antonina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26850802.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Zamojska
Tematy:
consultative model of democracy
information democracy
participatory democracy
information technology
demokracja
demokracja uczestnicząca
technologia informacyjna
Opis:
W modelu informacyjnym demokracji można zidentyfikować pozytywne i negatywne tendencje, które kojarzą się z nowym podejściem do zrozumienia znaczenia informacji i władzy, szczególnie gdy informacja staje się narzędziem i metodą tak technologii informacyjnej jak i demokracji. Zaprezentowane analizy mają wykazać, że model konsultacyjny demokracji oparty jest na interakcjach między społeczeństwem obywatelskim i systemem politycznym.
We can identify positive and negative trends in the model of information democracy that associate with a new approach to understanding the importance of in- formation and power, especially when the information becomes a tool and method of information technology and democracy. This paper proves that the consultative model is based on the interaction between civil society and political system.
Źródło:
Facta Simonidis; 2014, 7, 1; 65-84
1899-3109
Pojawia się w:
Facta Simonidis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Громадянська участь як детермінанта демократичних трансформацій в сучасній Україні
Partycypacja obywatelska jako determinanta transformacji demokratycznej na współczesnej Urainie
Autorzy:
Макух, Оксана
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489269.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
public participation,
communication,
communicative potential,
transformation,
democracy
Opis:
The issues of civic participation in configurations of movements, associations, organizations and associations as a potential catalyst of democratic transformation of democratic processes in modern Ukraine are examined in the article. Civic participation is understood as the methods and means of communication in the form of exchanges outlined by institutional and value ordering system. It is studied that an important incentive for a citizen’s participation in social and political life is trust/distrust, which acts as a catalyst, a specific type of communication links that makes development of socio-political sphere more dynamic. Distrust is the special type of communication links, which creates political control and demand of accountability from institutions of political power. It was investigated that civic participation through displays of communication capacity, has an ability to implement the national practice of the three-phase model of socio-political transformation, liberalization, democratization, democratic consolidation. Unfortunately, in modern terms this process is reduced to the functions of «mass suggestion ritual», which aims to «convince citizens in their involvement» in the political process.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 116-121
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Типологізація чинників демократичних перетворень
Typologizacja czynników przekształceń demokratycznych
Autorzy:
Стойко, Олена
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489478.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
democracy,
transition,
institute,
social capital,
economy,
elite,
election,
constitutions
Opis:
The first wave of researches on democratic transition appeared during the Cold War, which were too ideological and over-optimistic about the victory of capitalism over its ideological adversary – communism. Till the beginning of 1990-s the researchers had a great confidence, that democracy and market economy can be crafted following the certain set of rules. But some setbacks in democratic transitions force to pay more attention to the causes of their initiations and their impact on further development of democratic institutions. Despite of plenty approaches to definition of the democratic transformation drivers, they can be divided into five groups: social, economic, personal (elitists), international and institutional. The social approach uses such terms as civil political culture, civil values (R. Patnam), social capital, trust and cooperation, which promote the democratic practice in society. But some empirical studies proved that democratic transformation can occur in conditions, when civil values are less common. Early arguments that Islam can not be combined with democratic institutions were contradicted by the recent Arab revolutions (see, for example, L. Diamond). S. Lipset was the first, who pointed out the relations between the level of economic development and stability of democratic institutions. The later researches mentioned the importance of the middle classes, economic disparity, availability of natural resources and so on. The role of the agreement between new and old politicians, especially on the early stages of transformation, is examined in the context of elitist approach. The international factors are presented by foreign countries and international organizations (EU, NATO, World Bank, IMF). The institutionalists are convinced that election system, political parties, parliament, constitution agreements are the key to successful democratization.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2014, 4; 123-129
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Формування нової ідеології політичної участі українців
Kształtowanie się nowej ideologii partycypacji politycznej Ukraińców
Autorzy:
Новакова, Олена
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
democracy,
political participation,
protest activity,
ideology of political participation
Opis:
The article is devoted the analysis of ideological principles and essence descriptions of political participation of the Ukrainian citizens in the process of democratic transformation of society. The articles of analysis are the newest tendencies of forming of protest activity of citizens and directions of its bringing in to the processes of state building. The specific of the democratic mode of political power consists in that it cannot be created only efforts of political elite. Therefore a problem of forming of structural political participation, creation of the real mechanisms of bringing in of citizens, to acceptance and realization of political decisions is very important for Ukrainian society which tries to carry out scale democratic transformations. Progresses of the political participating trends in Ukraine are contradictory enough and demonstrate a wave dynamics. Under act of revolutionary events of 2013-2014 new ideology of political participation — ideology and culture of resistance which is based on the awareness of the involvement and responsibility for own life and life of people is formed. In order that ideology of resistance acquired unconflict forms gradually, it is necessary actively to use energy of people for the real changes in society. Therefore exactly balance of institucionalizacii and political participation certainly as an urgent condition of success of democratic reforms. In achievement of political order returning of trust needs to public, adjusting of collaboration of power and civil society authorities.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 194-200
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Чи можлива перемога демократії в Росії?
Czy możliwe jest zwycięstwo demokracji w Rosji?
Autorzy:
Doroshko, Mykola
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
democracy
dictatorship
war in Ukraine
demokracja
dyktatura
wojna w Ukrainie
Opis:
A voice in the discussion that took place in the panel "Democracy vs. dictatorship in the context of Russia's war against Ukraine" organized by the UMCS Center for Eastern Europe as part of the International Scientific Conference "Democracy in the process of change on January 13, 2023." at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.
Głos w dyskusji która odbyła się w panelu „Demokracja vs dyktatura w kontekście wojny Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie” organizowanej przez Centrum Europy Wschodniej UMCS w ramach Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Demokracja w procesie przemian w dniu 13 stycznia 2023 r.” na Wydziale Politologii i Dziennikarstwa UMCS.
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2023, 9, 1; 195-197
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ціна безцінного: сучасна Україна в боротьбі за свій демократичний вибір
Cena bezcenna: współczesna Ukraina w walce o swój demokratyczny wybór
Autorzy:
Kruglashov, Anatoliy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
democracy
dictatorship
war in Ukraine
demokracja
dyktatura
wojna w Ukrainie
Opis:
A voice in the discussion that took place in the panel "Democracy vs. dictatorship in the context of Russia's war against Ukraine" organized by the UMCS Center for Eastern Europe as part of the International Scientific Conference "Democracy in the process of change on January 13, 2023." at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.
Głos w dyskusji która odbyła się w panelu „Demokracja vs dyktatura w kontekście wojny Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie” organizowanej przez Centrum Europy Wschodniej UMCS w ramach Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Demokracja w procesie przemian w dniu 13 stycznia 2023 r.” na Wydziale Politologii i Dziennikarstwa UMCS.
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2023, 9, 1; 191-193
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Зміни деструктивної пропаганди Росії (Московії) після повномасштабного вторгнення в Україну та «інституційна пастка» для України
Zmiany w niszczycielskiej propagandzie Rosji (Moskowiji) po pełnoskalowej inwazji w Ukrainie a „pułapka instytucjonalna” dla Ukrainy
Autorzy:
Danylenko, Serhiy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
democracy
dictatorship
war in Ukraine
demokracja
dyktatura
wojna w Ukrainie
Opis:
A voice in the discussion that took place in the panel "Democracy vs. dictatorship in the context of Russia's war against Ukraine" organized by the UMCS Center for Eastern Europe as part of the International Scientific Conference "Democracy in the process of change on January 13, 2023." at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.
Głos w dyskusji która odbyła się w panelu „Demokracja vs dyktatura w kontekście wojny Rosji przeciwko Ukrainie” organizowanej przez Centrum Europy Wschodniej UMCS w ramach Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej „Demokracja w procesie przemian w dniu 13 stycznia 2023 r.” na Wydziale Politologii i Dziennikarstwa UMCS.
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2023, 9, 1; 185-190
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Президентська Росія перед викликами модернізації: соціально-політичний аспект
Prezydencka Rosja wobec wyzwań modernizacji: aspekt społeczno-polityczny
Autorzy:
Піляєв, Ігор
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489261.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
socio-political modernization,
post-Communist Russia,
political transit,
“guided democracy”,
authoritarianism
Opis:
The article investigates the historical background of Russia’s socio-political transformation in the age of presidential republic, the Russian society’s present state and modernization prospects. Since the Horde Russia would be effected by the oriental despotism. The Russian modernization historically took place under the Western civilization’s influence but its instruments were mostly despotic and essentially anti-European. The Russian historical drama is that the social base of its modernization had been exterminated during the Bolshevik Revolution and Stalin’s dictatorship, and by now, in the train of the ongoing post-communist transformations, is still in germ. In contrast to the American Great Power doctrine where democracy serves as an important tool, Putin’s Russia has chosen the absolute priority of state and corporate interests over rights, freedoms and interests of its citizens. The author concludes that the fundamental problems and challenges, which had confronted the Russian modernization a quarter century ago, have remained unresolved. The most important of them are the key political actors’ unwillingness to act within the democratic rules, the values foundation friability, the lack of democratic consciousness and political culture. Since the annexation of Crimea and the start of the hybrid war in Donbas Russia’s socio-political transformation has found clear imperial meanings and would rely henceforth on the Eurasian space’ resource self-sufficiency with the strictly authoritarian state ideology and elements of the mobilization economy.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 14-23
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Концепція «людини політичної» в античному дискурсі
Conception of «Political Person» in Ancient Discourse
Autorzy:
Леськів, Марія
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
«political person»
ancient discourse
policy state
state
anthropocentrism
Athenian
democracy
political discourse
Opis:
Key theoretical and methodological approaches of foreign and national scholars towards the understanding of the essence of «political person» in the ancient discourse are investigated in this article. The role of the politics in the process of the ancient state building and its influence on the formation of the notion of «political person» is analyzed. It is defined that the development of the political organization of the society, human pursuit of collectivity and sociality contributed to the participation of people in the politics. The definition context of the human problem in the age of antiquity outlines the importance of such categories as «spirituality» and «morality» as the key principles of social life conceptualization and the regulators of human behavior, which is governed by rational and irrational norms. The notion essence of «political person» and characteristic aspects of the meaning formation are studied. Human participation in political affairs of the ancient Greece and ancient Rome states is described separately. Various interpretations of the concept of political person are presented. Much attention is paid to the anthropocentric world view of Aristotle, especially his concept of man as a «political animal». The key role of the state in the process of the formation of a political person that became the main actor of the political arena of the polis life is emphasized. It is shown that outside of the family unit there is political space, which is formed with the «spirit» of liberty and publicity. The article researches in details the peculiarities of democratic form of government of the ancient Greece as well as reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the purposive involvement of the citizens into political life. It is stated that such political process on one side formed an active political actor and on the other – political career of the Athenian citizen took all of his life space. The reasons and process of the state building concentrating on the social part of human nature are studied and analyzed. The main features of anthropocentric conception of the ancient thinkers are studied; the key criteria for distinction of an animal and a human being are highlighted. The article defines and analyzes three main characteristic features that distinguish a human being from living creatures: sociality, intellect and language. The influence of the latter on the development of the state as an «institutional reality» built with words and symbols is proved. The article emphasizes the considerable significance of the communication and political discourse as crucial characteristics of a citizen that determine his political activity. The language is viewed as an art of relations and inseparable method of nonviolent political actions. In modern politological discourse there formed a tendency to define Athenian democracy as «the most conversable» state form. «Language» and «action» as two forms with political status are described separately. The article formulates synthetic definition of the concept of political person, considering the peculiarities of human essence interpretation in ancient discourse. The factors directly or indirectly influencing the definition of the notion «political person» has been described. It is emphasized that the interpretation of the essence of the human of the ancient times is based upon the definition of a person as a social, governmental and political being. In the process of the research it is defined that the notion of «political person» is a complex conceptual model that is formed with such essential features as «socializing person», «ideal citizen», «personality of law», «friendly being».
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 306-311
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Моделювання відносин «парламентська опозиція-уряд» у Словаччині в 90-ті роки: контекст, інституційні чинники, потенціал та результативність
Modelowanie stosunków „opozycja parlamentarna-rząd” na Słowacji w latach 90.: kontekst, czynniki instytucyjne, potencjał i skuteczność
Autorzy:
Бусленко, Василь
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489255.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
opposition,
the parliamentary opposition, government,
power,
political conflict, democracy,
political competition,
authoritarianism
Opis:
The causes and consequences of the political conflict model formation of relations between the government and the parliamentary opposition in Slovakia in the 90th years of the twentieth century have been analyzed in the article. Internal and external factors that influenced this formation were elucidated. The forms of political opposition institutionalization, the potential and the effectiveness of coalition politic were substantiated. The contradictory nature of the relationships between the government and the opposition are considered in the context of increasing authoritarian tendencies, destabilizing of democracy and weakening of inter-party competition. The weakening of inter-party competition in the early 90s and coming to power of V. Meciar strengthened the authoritarian tendencies and led to minimizing of the parliamentary opposition influence and reducing its control functions. Low level of consensus between the government and opposition parties was observed. This allows to talk about the construction of a conflict model of interaction between the government and the opposition. The relationships between the government and the political opposition was largely depended on the personal factor. Personification of policy in Slovakia clearly seen in the person of V. Meciar. He played a dominant role in politic. The conflicts between him and his main opponents led to the polarization of political life in Slovakia. Curtailment of democratic processes and the slowdown the process of European integration in the country led to the unification of the efforts of the parliamentary and extra-parliamentary forms of political opposition. This resulted to the creation of a new institutional framework. The political opposition has been greatly strengthened by NGOs. Non-party subjects of opposition activities were integrating center for opposition parties. Significant role in increasing of political subjectivity of opposition played the EU. Only since 1998 in Slovakia the practice of democratic change of parties in power was restored. This created the conditions for eliminating the consequences of V. Meciar illiberal regime, implementation of European integration policy and economic reforms.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2014, 4; 145-152
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Події 1989 року в країнах Східної Європи в контексті поняття «революція»
Wydarzenia 1989 roku w krajach Europy Wschodniej w kontekście definicji słowa „rewolucja”
Autorzy:
Sych, Oleksandr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343670.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
revolution
social transformations
democracy
revolutionary changes
rewolucja
społeczne transformacji
demokracja
rewolucyjne zmiany
Opis:
The author wonders to what extent the events of 1989 corresponded to generally accepted ideas about the revolution? He considers that in the characteristics of those events, the word «revolution» was not chosen very well.  On the other hand, the reforms that began in Eastern Europe after rapid and dramatic events of 1989 were undoubtedly of revolutionary character.
Autor zastanawia się, w jakim stopniu wydarzenia 1989 roku zgodne są z ogólnie przyjętymi opiniami o rewolucji. Uważa on, że słowo „rewolucja” określające przedstawione wydarzenia jest nietrafione. Jednocześnie, reformy, które rozpoczęły się w Europie Wschodniej po szybkich i dramatycznych wydarzeniach 1989 roku, miały z pewnością rewolucyjny charakter.
Źródło:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne; 2022, 8, 1; 75-85
2450-4866
Pojawia się w:
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Особливості політичної комунікації у етнополітичному конфлікті
Specyfika komunikacji politycznej w konflikcie etniczno-politycznym
Autorzy:
Родик, Габріелла
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489375.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political communication,
mediatization of the political communication,
ethnopolitical conflict,
representative democracy,
civil society
Opis:
The article analyzes the main features of the crisis political communication and the peculiarities of political communication impact on the multiethnic society during the ethnopolitical conflict. The key aim of the article is to discover the circumstances under which political communication serves as a hinder of ethnopolitical conflict intensification or as a mechanism of conflict regulation. It was taken into consideration that modern political communication is proceed its mediatization stage where the transmission of information and communication is based on using media channels, information and communicative technologies. Conditions under which political communication obtains crisis characteristics are defined. The basic manipulative techniques of modern mass media in ethnopolitical sphere that can be used for the purposeful influence on emotional and perceptual sphere of human’s feelings are determined. A theoretical analysis of the basic features of propaganda in ethnopolitical conflict is performed. Specific recommendations for optimizing the communicative space in the interethnic interaction are given. The mechanisms of the crisis political communication rationalization, based on the concept of representative democracy and civil society are proposed.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2015, 5; 292-296
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ефективність Східного партнерства у поширенні демократії в країнах Східної Європи і Південного Кавказу
Skuteczność Partnerstwa Wschodniego w promowaniu demokracji w Europie Wschodniej i na Kaukazie Południowym
The Eastern Partnership Efficiency at democracy spreading in Eastern Europe and South Caucuses countries
Autorzy:
Dobrzhanska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/550675.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
Tematy:
demokracja
Unia Europejska
inicjatywa Partnerstwo Wschodnie
democracy
European Union
the Eastern Partnership Initiative
Opis:
Autorka analizuje działania krajów-partnerów Partnerstwa Wschodniego na rzecz demokracji. Bada mechanizmy wdrażania oferowanych przez Partnerstwo Wschodnie do zasad demokracji i wyniki 2009 i 2012 roku w światowym rankingu - Freedom House i Іndeks demokracji. Autorka omawia możliwe przyczyny wyników - wpływ czynników wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych na osiągnięcia każdego z państw uczestniczących w tej inicjatywie.
The results of the Eastern Partnership’s actions at member-countries in the sphere of democracy are analyzed. The authoress researches the interconnection of mechanisms offered by the Eastern Partnership for spreading democratic principles and results at 2009 and 2012 in the world rankings such as Freedom House and Index of democracy. The authoress discusses the possible reasons for such results – the impact of internal and external factors on the results of each country participating in the initiative.
Źródło:
Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne; 2013, 1; 129-150
2300-1739
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientifica Academiae Ostroviensis. Sectio A, Nauki Humanistyczne, Społeczne i Techniczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Інституційні чинники пропорційності парламентського представництва українських політичних партій
Institutional Aspects of Proportionate Parliamentary Representation of Ukrainian Political Parties
Autorzy:
Чабанна, Маргарита
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
political party
democracy
parliamentary representation
electoral system
voter
turnout
electorate
indices of disproportionality
Opis:
In political science the assessment of institutional development is an important criterion for determining the level of democratic governance. Therefore, the role of formal political institutions is significant for the functioning of the political system. It concerns the functioning of the executive, legislative, judiciary, and has expression in the mechanisms of mediation between public authorities and citizens. In the article the participation of political parties as such mediators is shown. Political parties, in this context, perform the numbers of functions in order to promote the principle of political representation through elections and parliamentarism. Therefore, political elections aimed at the expression of public opinion may apply as a tool for representative government. Thus, democratic elections and the formation of the parliament can be evaluated according to the criteria of transparency and proportionality of political representation. The implementation of these principles in a democratic political system depends on several factors related to the type of electoral system and those political institutions that affect the electoral process. For instance the representation of political parties in elected bodies depends on the threshold for parties or blocks (in the case of a proportional system), voter turnout and the method of determining electoral quota; as well the number of political parties participating in the elections; and the rights of voters to vote «against all». The article examines the impact of the electoral system on proportionate representation of political parties in parliament during the elections to the Ukrainian parliament (2002-2014). As for the constitutional amendments and electoral legislation in 2004-2014 years, we focus on the type of electoral system, the methods for calculating the electoral quota, threshold for political parties, the number of political parties-participants of the election process, as well as indicators of voter turnout. In order to analyse the proportionality of parliamentary representation of political parties we consider the indices of disproportionality. Overall, the disproportionate representation of political party as a phenomenon is caused by the existence of threshold (in the case of a proportional electoral system) and single-member constituencies (in the case of the majority electoral system). The level of proportional parliamentary representation of political parties in Ukraine is moderate. At the same time, the downward trend of proportional representation is obvious. This is due to the increase in unrepresented voters who vote for political parties that do not win seats. In this regard, we can state that a high threshold helps large parties in the election competition. However, as a result, the disproportionate representation of political parties may rise because of the high percentage of voters whose interests are not represented in parliament. In other words, the essential electoral support for non-influential parties, their overall percentage and dispersion of voters who support political parties that do not pass in parliament, is a factor of disproportionate representation. That is, the level of proportionate representation refers to the total number of political parties that compete in elections.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2016, 6; 238-249
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Практичні виклики та реальні потенції е-демократії: український варіант
Practical challenges and real potential of e-democracy: Ukrainian variant
Autorzy:
Денисюк, Світлана
Корнієнко, Валерій
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe w Żytomierzu
Tematy:
e-democracy,
e-governance,
e-participation,
e-petition,
digital inequality,
information-communication technologies
Opis:
The article analyzes the peculiarities and problems of introducing e-democracy in Ukraine. It is noted that separate e-democracy tools, namely, e-reception of the mayor, possibility to submit e-appeals, holding on-line polls etc. have been introduced in many cities of Ukraine. A common e-appeal portal, “e-parliament” have been created, the system of e-petitions has been introduced. The article looks into the development of e-democracy in the context of four components: transparency, accountability, civic education and e-participation. Attention is drawn to the fact that under certain circumstances e democracy may become an imitation of democracy, a technology for manipulation. It is stated that introduction of e-participation tools alone does not guarantee their wide usage by the population, and what is most important – their usage with the aim of causing quality changes in governance. That is why a very important task is to raise the level of civic education with regard to e-democracy. This may be proved by the results of the first year after the introduction of the system of e-petitions to the central bodies of executive power and the single system of local petitions in Ukraine. Many of the submitted petitions either contradicted the norms of Ukrainian legislation or were sent to those bodies of power, which are not competent to solve the issue. The article draws attention to the problem of digital inequality, i.e. the level of Internet access among the citizens of Ukraine. According to different evaluations, form 14 to 26 million people are active Internet users in Ukraine, and from21% to 29% of those constantly visit the sites of the bodies of power and local self-governing. Even though a mass introduction of various electronic services may be observed, it is also necessary to increase the popularity and the level of trust to electronic systems of the society in general as it is one of the least computerized ones in Europe. According to Google data, a bit more than 60% of Ukrainians are Internet-users. The authors insist that for effective e-democracy functioning, it is necessary to strengthen the infrastructural component. The existence of the material and technical base is the necessary condition for the development e-literacy among the population, which, in its turn, will lead to their active participation in e-democracy processes. It is obvious that the citizens of Ukraine cannot effectively use the existing and potential possibilities in the sphere of e-governance unless they have the sufficient competence level and have the access to the information-communication technologies. The article analyzes the situation in which the paradox of creating a “false democracy” arouses, meaning the situation when specialists make an effort to form e-democracy tools and the target group does not know about them, people do not have the necessary competence level for using these resources, there is no interest in using the concrete instruments. So it becomes understandable that attention should be focused on using effective practices of e-democracy functioning, on raising citizen competence and on encouraging them to actively participate in state building through e-democracy, e-participation etc. It has been determined that in case of uniting the efforts of IT-specialists, public activists and representatives of the authorities and business, a complex evaluation of the needs of modern society and effective mechanisms of e-democracy introduction will be received. Internet-technologies have unbelievable possibilities, and searching for like-minded people online and attracting people to common activity (“crowdsourcing”) may become one of effective mechanisms of introduction of e-democracy instruments. One of the best examples of its usage in Ukraine was the so-called “e-Maydan”. A conclusion has been made that the existence of considerable restrictions in Internet access (electronic inequality), low level of interest in e-communication the public bodies of power among Internet-users, lack of competence in e-governance and e-democracy, low level of interest among the citizens to e-communication in general; absence of Internet-platforms for mass deliberation and selection of acute sociopolitical issues etc. are all among the problems of implementation of e-democracy. Transparency, decrease of bureaucracy levels, increasing the efficiency of state institutions etc. should be the results of e-democracy introduction.
Źródło:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona; 2017, 7; 194-200
2312-8933
Pojawia się w:
Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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