Temat: produkcja papieru - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Makulatura – pochodzenie, przerób, wykorzystanie
Waste paper – origin, processing, usage
Autorzy:: Fietz, M.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/5349.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:: papier
produkcja papieru
makulatura
pochodzenie surowcow
przerob
oczyszczanie mechaniczne
wykorzystanie
recykling
tektura falista
palety
celuloza
Opis:: W Polsce każdy mieszkaniec wytwarza statystycznie ok. 300 kg śmieci rocznie, w tym ponad 35 kg makulatury. Wtórnemu przerobowi poddaje się tylko jedną trzecią zużytych wyrobów papierniczych. W związku z wejściem w życie ustawy o utrzymaniu czystości i porządku w gminach zaistniała potrzeba odzyskiwania coraz większej ilości surowców wtórnych, w tym makulatury. Wtórne zagospodarowanie makulatury ma na celu zmniejszenie ilości gromadzonych odpadów na wysypiskach, zmniejszenie wycinki drzew potrzebnych do produkcji papieru, a także ograniczenie ilości ścieków i odpadów stałych w papierniach dzięki wykorzystaniu do produkcji papieru wtórnych mas celulozowych. W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat papiernictwa w Polsce i na świecie, a także procesu produkcji papieru. Podano rodzaje i charakterystykę makulatury, zebrano dane dotyczące problematyki przerobu zużytych wytworów papierniczych na makulaturowe masy wtórne, z uwzględnieniem przerobu mechanicznego i mechaniczno-chemicznego, oraz kierunki rozwoju produktów przerobu zużytych wytworów papierniczych.
In Poland, every citizen statistically produces about 300 kg of garbage per year, including more than 80 kg of waste paper. Only a third of waste paper products is reprocessed. In connection with the entry into force of the Act on maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities there is a need to recover more recyclable materials, including recycled paper. Recovery of waste paper intended to reduce the amount of waste in landfill sites, reducing the felling of trees, as well as reducing the amount of sewage and solid waste in paper mills. The paper presents basic information about the paper industry in Poland and worldwide and the paper production process. It also shows types and characteristics of waste paper and collects data on the processing of waste paper products and product development directions for processing of waste paper products.
Źródło:: Nauki Inżynierskie i Technologie; 2016, 2(21)
2449-9773
2080-5985
Pojawia się w:: Nauki Inżynierskie i Technologie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Wpływ niektórych środków neutralizujących na własności papieru
EFFECT OF SOME NEUTRALIZING REAGENTS ON THE PROPERTIES OF PAPER
Autorzy:: Rudniewski, Piotr
Wawrzeńczak, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/537828.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1973
Wydawca:: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:: produkcja papieru
zakwaszenie papieru
przyczyny zakwaszenia papieru
neutralizacja zabytkowych papierów
metoda Barrowa
metoda Apawda
białość papieru
własność papierów fabrycznych
papier gazetowy
bibuła Whatman
Opis:: The acid reaction of paper, especially when combined with unfavourable conditions of its storage can grow to a cause of hydrolisis of cellulose fibres which in turn becomes the cause of a decreased stability of paper. As one from among several kinds of treatments applied in conservation of papers showing acid reactions may be quoted here their neutralization. The work discussed by the authors within their present publication was aimed at checking the effectiveness and workability of some neutralizing reagents that are usually applied in conservation and at the same time at their confronting with the results achieved with the use of Barrow’s deacidification method. The determinations and tests were carried out on the three following paper grades: (1) Whatman No 4 chromatographic paper, (2) hand-made filter paper manufactured by Jeziorna Paper Mill, and (3) blank newsprint coming from the Paper Mill, Głuchołazy. Properties of papers listed above are presented in Table 1. The papers under test were acidified by their dipping in 10g/l aluminium-potassium sulphate solution (reactions of papers acidified by the use of aluminium-potassium sulphate solution, cf. Table 2). Deacidification of paper samples was carried out by their dipping in solutions of different reagents having appropriate concentrations at 20°C. The time of bath for solutions of barium hydroxide, basic magnesium carbonate and buffer solution was 10 min in each case. While using the Barrow method standard conditions were applied and the combined time of the both baths amounted to 40 min (characteristics of reagents used, see Table 3). The following determinations and tests were carried out with the aim to define the effect of reagents applied on properties exhibited by papers before and after their artificial ageing: (a) paper reaction by contact method, (b) absolute tear resistance tested with the use of the Elmendorf tester, acc. to Polish Standard PN-54-P-04015, (c) number of double folds with the use of the Köhler-Molin tester, acc. to Polish Standard PN-54-P-04012, (d) brightness with the use of the Zeiss leucometer, acc. to Polish Standard PNMLiPD- 56-31033. The artificial ageing was carried out at 105°C within the' period of 72 hrs, acc. to Polish Standard PN-56- P-04030. Resistance to ageing was determined according to changes in strength and has been expressed by В index, i.e. the percentage proportion of properties possessed by the neutralized paper subjected to artificial ageing to those exhibited by the basic paper samples. The alterations in brightness being a result of artificial ageing were expressed with the „loss of brightness” index Z-(1-Rst/Ro)100% where R0 — brightness of basic samples with no ageing treatment applied Rst — brightness of the neutralized paper subjected to ageing treatment. Figures characterizing the above determinations are given in Tables 4, 5 and 6. Through the assessment of results obtained it was possible to come to the following findings: — all the five reagents under investigation allowed to reduce the acidity of paper, — a slightly basic reaction of papers (pH = 7.7 and pH = 8.2) obtained as a result of deacidification with barium hydroxide dissolved in methanol and that carried out with the use of aqueous solution of basic magnesium carbonate had any negative effect on the properties of paper and did not reduce its resistance to artificial ageing, — all the investigated reagents after deacidification caused the increased resistance to artificial ageing when confronted with properties possessed by the basic paper samples, — when compared with Barrow’s method considerably better results of deacidification of both Whatman No 4 chromatographic paper and blank newsprint have been obtained by the use of aqueous solution of buffer, — the results of deacidification achieved with the use of barium hydroxide dissolved in methanol in 1 g to 1 1 proportion are nearing, and, in respect to some properties, even better than those obtained with the Barrow method.
Źródło:: Ochrona Zabytków; 1973, 3; 181-189
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:: Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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