Temat: kodeks drogowy - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Porównanie znaków drogowych w Polsce na przestrzeni 60 lat
Comparison of trafficsigns in poland over 60 years
Autorzy:: Hitczenko, D.
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/107565.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Instytut Transportu Samochodowego
Tematy:: znak drogowy
kodeks drogowy
Polska
road sign
highway code
Polska
Opis:: W okresie ponad sześćdziesięciu lat liczba znaków drogowych obowiązujących w Polsce wzrosła ponad pięciokrotnie. W tym samym czasie liczba samochodów zwiększyła się około siedemset razy, a długość dróg o utwardzonej nawierzchni zaledwie 4,5-krotnie. W artykule przedstawiono znaki drogowe obowiązujące w Polsce w roku 1940 i porównano je ze znakami stosowanymi współcześnie. Omówiono szczegółowo poszczególne grupy znaków i przeanalizowano jak zmienił się ich wygląd i liczebność.
During more than sixty years, the number of traffic signs in force in Poland increased more than fivefold. At the same time, the number of cars increased about seven hundred times, while the length of paved roads only 4.5-fold. The article presents the signs in force in Poland in 1940 and compares them with the signs used today. Various groups of signs are discussed in detail and analyzed was how their appearance and numbers have changed.
Źródło:: Transport Samochodowy; 2016, 4; 35-44
1731-2795
Pojawia się w:: Transport Samochodowy
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Alkohol a wypadki drogowe w Polsce w latach 1975-1984
Alcohol and traffic accidents in Poland in the years 1975-1984
Autorzy:: Gaberle, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699257.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1987
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: kodeks drogowy
ruch drogowy
wypadek drogowy
skutki wypadku
bezpieczeństwo
psychomotoric
The Highway Code
road traffic
traffic accident
intoxication
consequences of the accident
security
alkohol
alcohol
Opis:: The basic aim of the study was to investigate the influence of alcohol consumption on the road traffic safety in Poland. For this purpose, statistical data were used, published. by the Road Traffic Department of the Civic Militia Headquarters in the years 1975-1984, as well as the data published in Statistical Yearbooks of the Central Statistical Office for these years. It was impossible to include earlier periods in the analysis as in 1975 the rules of statistical registration of traffic accidents were changed, making the data from before 1975 uncomparable. When analysing the problem of the influence the extent of alcohol consumption has on road traffic safety, attention should be drawn to two problems. Firstly, accidents are caused not only by drunk drivers of vehicles but also by drunk pedestrians. Secondly, the drunkenness of the participants of traffic is not an isolated factor but it acts in correlation with other factors, such as e.g. faulty configuration of the road or wrong organization of road traffic. The taking into account of the above problems complicates the analysis of the discussed subject; however, they should not be left out of consideration. A collision of a car with a pedestrian has for many years now been the most frequent type of a traffic accident in Poland, amounting to 43-45 per cent of all traffic accidents. Moreover, traffic accidents caused by drunk pedestrians constitute 43-50 per cent of all accidents caused by drunk persons. Therefore, the contribution of drunk persons to traffic accidents in Poland is considerable; yet it is very difficult to find out how many drunk pedestrains participate in traffic and, in this connection, what is the relation between the number of such persons and that of accidents they cause. For that matter, such difficulties arise also , when one tries to find out the number of drunk drivers of vehicles as in Poland there are no data available which would make such an estimation possible. In spite of these difficulties, the basic hypothesis has been confirmed, according to which the greater the extent of alcohol consumption, the. Higher the frequency of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons. As shown by a statistical analysis by means of the correlation coefficient, there is a strong direct correlation between the two phenomena (r =0.680). This correlation was true for the years 1975-1980 only, while for the years 1981-1984 the smaller was the extent of alcohol consumption, the greater was the frequency of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons. It should be assumed that this absurd result was caused by the lowering of the official figures on the extent of alcohol consumption in Poland in the years 198l-1984 which did not take into account the consumption of illegally distilled alcohol. An estimation was made of the above figures and thus the approximate actual extent of alcohol consumption in Poland in the years 1981-1984 was established. Also the results of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons were studied. Judged by the number of deaths per accident, they .appeared to be much more serious than those caused by sober participants of traffic. The difference between the results of accidents caused by drunk as compared with sober persons was also found to vary according to whether the drunk perpetrator was a pedestrian or a driver, and what vehicle he was driving in the latter case. For instance, while 0.114 persons per accident died in traffic accidents caused in 1979-1984 b sober pedestrians, the ratio was 0.156 in the case of drunk pedestrians; the respective ratios were 0.116 and 0.191 in the case of sober vs. drunk drivers of passenger cars, and 0.132 and 0.320 in the case of sober vs. drunk drivers of tractors. The distribution of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons according to the time of the day, day of the week and month of the year was also analysed. The yearly distribution of accidents caused by drunk pedestrians appeared to shape differently as compared with accidents caused by drunk drivers. Drunk drivers of vehicles cause the greatest number of accidents in the period from July till October. and drunk pedestrians - from October till January. Also the analysis of the territorial distribution of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons brought interesting results, Drunk pedestrians cause traffic accidents first and foremost in towns (about two thirds of such accidents), in big cities in particular, whereas drunk drivers cause accidents mainly on roads out of towns (about 60 per cent of such accidents). The lack of data concerning the extent of alcohol consumption in the separate voivodships greatly complicated the analysis of the territorial distribution of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons. However, it was possible to arrive at the following conclusion: the number of accidents caused by drunk participants of road traffic per 10.000 of the population of a given voivodship (the index of occurrence of such accidents) depends not only on the extent of alcohol consumption in the voivodship but also to some degree on its urbanization and development of road transport. Particularly in voivodships where a high level of urbanization (measured by the size of the urban population) and a highly developed road transport (measured by the number of persons per one passenger car) is not accompanied by an adequate quality of roads and good organization of road traffic; the large number of accidents caused by drunk persons cannot be explained by a high level of alcohol consumption. Bad road conditions exert the greatest influence on those of the participants of traffic who find it difficult to adapt their behavior1r to the complex situation on the road, i.e. on drunk persons, among others, whose intellectual and psychomotoric efficiency is handicapped due to the effects of alcohol. Bad road conditions may ,,produce" errors committed by drunk participants of traffic, and lead to traffic accidents caused by these persons, thus making the number of such accidents larger than that expected when considering the .number of drunk' participants of road traffic. However. there are voivodships where the factors leading to traffic accidents caused by drunk persons do not seem to be major and yet the number of such accidents is considerable. These are probably the voivodships where the extent of alcohol consumption is particularly high. It should be added that the taking up of the subject included in the title was justified by the seriousness of the problem. In the years 1975-1984, the number of traffic accidents caused by drunk persons was on a constant increase in Poland. While accidents caused by drunk persons constituted 21.5 per cent of all accidents in 1975, their respective share was 26.5 per cent in 1984. Therefore, it is imperative to apply measures that could stop a further growth of this dangerous tendency.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 1987, XIV; 151-200
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 3.

Tytuł:: Kodeks drogowy jako instrument amnestii zbrodniarzy hitlerowskich
Autorzy:: Fikus, Sebastian
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/608987.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:: przedawnienie zbrodni narodowosocjalistycznych
kodeks drogowy
zbrodniarze III Rzeszy
amnestia
praktyka sądownicza w Niemczech
Bundestag
statute of limitations for prosecutions of national socialist crimes
rules of the road
Opis:: Ukaranie narodowosocjalistycznych zbrodniarzy napotykało w Republice Federalnej wielkie opory. Wywoływało także polityczne spory. Wskutek skutecznej inicjatywy ustawodawczej 10 V 1968 amnestionowani zostali ostatecznie wszyscy funkcjonariusze aparatu terroru, którzy wydawali zbrodnicze rozkazy zza biurka. Fakt ten zarówno w polskich mediach, jak i historiografii nie został w ogóle zarejestrowany. Emocjonowano się natomiast dyskusjami wokół nieprzedawniania zbrodni hitlerowskich, które były już tylko farsą odgrywaną przed międzynarodową opinią publiczną. The punishment of national socialist criminals met in the Federal Republic of Germany with great reluctance. It also caused political controversies. Due to a successful legislative action, on 10 May 1968 all functionaries of the terror apparatus who were issuing criminal orders from behind the desk, were granted amnesty. The fact was not noticed either by the Polish press or in the Polish scholarly literature on the subject, while tremendous excitement was mounted by discussions about no statute of limitations for prosecutions of the offenses of Nazi genocide, which degenerated into farce played for the international audience.
Źródło:: Dzieje Najnowsze; 2018, 50, 2
0419-8824
Pojawia się w:: Dzieje Najnowsze
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 4.

Tytuł:: Wymagania stawiane uczestnikom ruchu transgranicznego w kontekście regulacji międzynarodowych i krajowych przepisów ruchu drogowego oraz uprawnień organów kontrolnych
Requirements for participants of cross-border traffic in the context of international and national road traffic regulations and powers of control bodies
Autorzy:: Fliegner, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16444454.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021
Wydawca:: Akademia im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim
Tematy:: international regulations
Vienna Convention
Road Code
international traffic
vehicles registered abroad
violations in road traffic
przepisy międzynarodowe
konwencja wiedeńska
kodeks drogowy
ruch międzynarodowy
pojazdy zarejestrowane za granicą
naruszenia w ruchu drogowym
Opis:: The development of the automotive industry resulting in an increased flow of goods and people, and the increase in the number of moving vehicles, especially in recent years in international traffic, additionally exacerbated by Poland's accession to the European Union, and then to the Schengen area, results in certain inconveniences for vehicle drivers moving in cross-border traffic. These inconveniences result from the existing barriers or restrictions introduced in the areas of individual countries by national road traffic regulations. As a result, often as a result of ignorance (ignorance of the regulations), road traffic regulations in force in the territory of the Republic of Poland are violated by drivers coming to us from neighboring countries. The text, based on numerous examples, is an attempt to approximate some of the differences in national legislation (in terms of road traffic) and approximation of the impact of international regulations on the obligations of cross-border traffic participants.
Rozwój motoryzacji pociągający za sobą zwiększony przepływ towarów i osób, i widoczny szczególnie w ostatnich latach wzrost ilości pojazdów poruszających się w ruchu międzynarodowym, spotęgowany dodatkowo wstąpieniem Polski do Unii Europejskiej, a następnie do strefy Schengen skutkuje pewnymi niedogodnościami dla przemieszczających się w ruchu transgranicznym kierujących pojazdami. Niedogodności te wynikają z istniejących barier czy ograniczeń wprowadzanych na obszarach poszczególnych państw krajowymi przepisami ruchu drogowego. Skutkiem tego, często w wyniku nieświadomości (nieznajomości przepisów), dochodzi do naruszenia regulacji ruchu drogowego obowiązujących na terenie Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej przez kierujących przybywających do nas z krajów ościennych. Tekst w oparciu o liczne przykłady jest próbą przybliżenia niektórych z różnic istniejących w ustawodawstwach krajowych (w zakresie ruchu drogowego) i przybliżenia wpływu, jaki wywierają przepisy międzynarodowe na obowiązki uczestników ruchu transgranicznego.
Źródło:: Studia – konteksty pogranicza; 2021, 5; 121-133
2543-6465
Pojawia się w:: Studia – konteksty pogranicza
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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