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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Początki obwarowań miejskich na Dolnym Śląsku w świetle najnowszych badań
    The beginnings of city fortifications in Lower Silesia in the light of the latest research
    Autorzy:
    Kastek, Tomasz A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/293820.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
    Tematy:
    Wrocław
    wał
    fosa
    lokacja
    średniowiecze
    rampart
    moat
    location
    Middle Ages
    Opis:
    W artykule ujęto problematykę najstarszych, XIII-wiecznych, obwarowań ziemnych odkrywanych we Wrocławiu, Głogowie czy Namysłowie w postaci wału ziemno-piaszczysto-faszynowego wraz z fosą. Przedstawiono temat obwarowań ziemnych słabo identyfikowanych w terenie, których istnienie wiązać można (lub nawet należy) z najstarszymi lokacjami miejskimi. Wieloletnie badania archeologiczne i studyjne autora artykułu, podczas których odkrywane były pozostałości wałów ziemnych lewobrzeżnego Wrocławia, ukazują istnienie analogicznych konstrukcji w innych miastach. Konstrukcja odkrywanych nasypów ziemnych i fos oraz ich stratygrafia w stosunku do późniejszych murowanych obwodów obronnych wskazują, że były to konstrukcje, które w pierwszym etapie funkcjonowania stanowiły granicę nowo lokowanego miasta. W kolejnym etapie ich zagospodarowywania pojawiała się drewniana palisada, częstokół, które pełniły funkcję pierwszych obwarowań miejskich. Zdarzały się miasta, w których nigdy nie powstał murowany obwód obronny poza samymi miejskimi bramami, jak np. w Świerzawie czy Kijowie.
    The article presents the problems of the oldest, 13th-century, earth fortifications discovered in Wrocław, Głogów and Namysłów, the form of an earth-sand-fascine rampart with a moat. The article introduces the subject of earth fortifications, poorly identified in the area, and the existence of which one can or should associate with the oldest municipal locations. The author of the article’s years of archaeological and study researches of, during which remains of earth ramparts of left-bank Wrocław were discovered, show the existence of analogous structures in other cities. The construction of the discovered earth ramparts and moats, as well as their stratigraphy in relation to the later brick defensive circumferences indicate that they were structures which constituted the boundary of the newly located town in the first stage of operation. In the next stage of their development, there was a wooden palisade, a fence, which served as the first town fortifications. There were cities in which there was never a brick defense circuit besides the city gates, such as in Świerzawa or Kiev.
    Źródło:
    Architectus; 2019, 1 (57); 113-127
    1429-7507
    2084-5227
    Pojawia się w:
    Architectus
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ uwarunkowań geośrodowiskowych i antropogenicznych na obecność historycznych zanieczyszczeń w podłożu klasztoru ss. Bernardynek w Krakowie
    Geoenvironmental and anthropogenic conditions and their impact on the presence of historical pollution in the substrate of the monastery of Bernardine Sisters in Krakow
    Autorzy:
    Wardas-Lasoń, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2075562.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    zanieczyszczenie podłoża
    historyczne zanieczyszczenie
    warunki geośrodowiskowe
    fosa
    muł
    warstwy archeologiczne
    Kraków
    historical pollution
    geoenvironmental conditions
    moat
    silt
    archaeological layers
    Opis:
    The substrate in the area of the monastery of Bernardine Sisters was analyzed based on 7 small-diameter profiled mechanical holes drilled in order to determine the structure and lithology of the area and archaeological stratigraphic sequence. Based on this research, a system of archaeological strata and the presence of objects such as wall remains, and especially the relicts of the medieval drainage ditch “moat”, was established. It was assessed whether the geoenvironmental conditions are conducive to pollution occurrence and accumulation. Its major source was the Municipal Great Scales on the Main Market Square of Kraków, which functioned in the Middle Ages. To verify this thesis the indexes of sediment coming from the historical “moat” were determined (pH, Eh, EC, LOI). Similar studies were carried out to the level of “calec” for the substrate of the Monastery, erected in its vicinity. In the lithologically recognized and archaeologically interpreted layers of earth, heavy metals content was determined to distinguish anthropogenic factors and geoenvironmental conditions of the contaminants. The pollution assessment was made on the basis of a comparative analysis of the land quality, especially in the areas of silt occurrence, also in relation to the current environmental standards.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Geologiczny; 2016, 64, 4; 262--274
    0033-2151
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Geologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozpoznawcze badania archeologiczne na stan. 16 w Powidzu, gm. loco z 2017 roku
    Archeological reconnaissance surveys on site 16 in Powidz, Powidz commune from 2017
    Autorzy:
    Pydyn, Andrzej
    Kozicka, Magdalena
    Wiejacki, Jan
    Magalski, Mateusz
    Kofel, Dominika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/532625.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
    Tematy:
    Powidz
    gródek stożkowaty
    fosa
    makroszczątki roślinne
    szczątki zwierzęce
    materiały pokonsumpcyjne
    motte-in-bailey
    moat
    plant macro-remains
    animal remains
    butchering
    Opis:
    Since at least the 13th century Powidz has functioned as an important though small urban centre. The fact that it was located at the intersection of the trade routes and at a water reservoir, were important factors which influenced the development of the town. Archaeological and environmental surveys conducted in 2017 throw light on the modern stage of the development of the discussed centre. The turbulent changes through which the historical centre of Powidz and Castle Hill underwent in the last 200 years are clearly marked in the layerings recognised in both trenches. What is more, some of them were not documented, and the interviews with the inhabitants of the town are mostly the source of knowledge about them. Hence, determining the chronology of some of the layerings is signifi cantly hindered. For instance, the presence of single and partially preserved human bones suggests the presence of burials in the layers leveled from the immediate surroundings to T 2/17, though the soil in which they were registered could have been brought from a larger distance away as well. It seems that in T 2/17 the layering arrangements were registered, which provide evidence of a moat. It probably bordered the residence of the Powidz starost in the past. Information about the presence of such an assumption on the so-called Castle Hill can be found in numerous written sources [cf. e.g. Ganińska 1993]. The presence of a moat on the other hand is confirmed not only by the documented systems of layerings, but also the results of the analyses of plant macro-remains suggest it. Th e presence of a moat is confi rmed among others by the fact that it was filled with the ground brought in the 20th century. Simultaneously, the layerings registered in both excavations seem to confirm numerous levellings of the surrounding terrain and the Castle Hill itself. More diversified materials were gathered from T 2/17 than from T 1/17, though most of them come from backfill layers. Nevertheless, the presumption that the backfill is made of materials from the adjacent elevation seems justified. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the artifacts (window glass, glass vessels, richly ornamented plate tiles, ceramic vessels), animal bones or plant remains, seem to confirm the initial assumption that there was a residence of a representative of a wealthier bourgeoisie, probably the Powidz starost, on the so called Castle Hill. The presence of post-consumer remains or broken pottery suggest significant activity in the modern period if it is assumed that they come from the layers levelled at the cone. Unfortunately, in the light of the present data, backfilling and lowering of a terrain (moat) with the ground from another part of Powidz cannot be excluded. Nevertheless, the presence of a window glass, richly ornamented plate tiles or, finally, written sources are in accord with the earlier hypothesis. The conducted natural analyses enrich our knowledge about the past of Powidz, but they also significantly influence the perception and proper reading of a history of the formation of the particular layers, and hence, a better analysis of cultural processes, even if they occurred recently. Despite the not numerous collections and rather small area which was examined, environmental studies can be the source of interesting conclusions.
    Źródło:
    Studia Lednickie; 2018, 17; 197-221
    0860-7893
    2353-7906
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Lednickie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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