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    Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12
    Tytuł:
    Historia prywatnych firm leśnych w Polsce w latach 1924-2010
    History of private forest companies in Poland in the years 1924-2010
    Autorzy:
    Zastocki, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uslugi lesne
    prywatyzacja
    firmy lesne
    przedsiebiorstwa lesne
    historia
    forestry
    privatisation of forest services
    forest companies
    Opis:
    The beginnings of private forest services sector date back to the interwar period when harvesting operations and sawmill services were carried out by private companies leading to forest devastation. Adam Loret, the first director−general of the State Forests, started to build the structure of forest administration and hire manual workers. After the World War II, forestry in Poland operated in a centrally planned economic system, which precluded the functioning of the private forest services sector. The development of private forest companies in Poland began in the early 1990s. The employed free−market economy forced the State Forests to introduce many reforms and modifications to forest management, forest operations, as well as to the trading and sales of timber. All forest operations are being outsourced to private forest companies. Forest districts select bidders to perform the required forest operations according to the existing procedures, while ensuring the favourable conditions for the creation of new jobs. Forest companies face many difficulties to meet the growing demands laid down by the forest administration staff in tender specifications. The paper presents the current status of the private forest services sector, and describes the trends in the development of private forest companies providing services to the State Forests.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 466-474
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Organizacja, zasady i uwarunkowania funkcjonowania usług dla leśnictwa w Unii Europejskiej
    Organisation, principles and conditions of functioning of forestry services in the European Union
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026778.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    Unia Europejska
    firmy lesne
    lesnictwo
    funkcjonowanie
    uslugi
    forest services sector
    european union
    integration effects
    Opis:
    The accession of Poland to the European Union brings about a number of benefits for Polish forest firms, however, they will have to face first of all the growing competition. Against the background of organisational conditions and principles of the functioning of companies providing services for the forestry sector in the UE countries the directions of functioning of Polish forest companies which have to be undertaken before and after joining the European Union.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 09; 72-82
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Determinanty korzystania z usług audytu w sektorze leśnym
    Determinants of the audit application by forest companies
    Autorzy:
    Glazar, K.
    Polowy, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987157.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    firmy lesne
    certyfikacja
    uslugi lesne
    przetargi
    audyt zewnetrzny
    RDLP Gdansk
    forest companies
    certification
    forest services
    tenders
    criteria
    Opis:
    The article presents the essence and importance of internal audit as well as the incentives to use it in forest companies. The research utilizes the database of enterprises, which submitted their offers in the process of the best bid selection during the procedures of public procurement in the field of forestry (forest management, forest protection including fire prevention, timber harvest and loggong, soil preparation, nursery works and seed collection) for years 2012−2016 in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk (N Poland). The database consisted of 103 firms that participated in 75 tender procedures in 15 forest districts. Basing on the analysis of tenders for forest services, an activity of forest companies was assessed, with the emphasis on companies fulfilling the requirements of the Reliable Forest Enterprise certification. Furthermore, the tenders criteria were evaluated taking into account their number, type and weight. In the analyzed procedures following criteria were used: price, execution of works only by employed staff (logging and extraction, tree cutters and machinery operators as well as supervisors), fulfilling the requirements of Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, supervisor with forestry education, experience of the company (value of completed services), and ownership of specialized equipment (multi−task machinery, horses). Certain weights were attributed to all of the above mentioned criteria. The analysis of companies activity showed, that the noticeable decrease in number of offers for tenders in 2016 is a reaction to a new tender criterion – Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, with the assumed weight of 20%. Another relatively new criterion was the condition, that all persons used to carry out the forest works had to be contractually employed by the company. Both these criteria decreased the weight of price criterion by average 30% comparing to previous years. The presence of these new criteria increased the number of non−price criteria by average of 1 comparing to previous years, and contributed to the unification of non−price criteria used in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 07; 600-608
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Znaczenie urządzania lasu w trwale zrównoważonej gospodarce leśnej
    Importance of forest planning in sustainable forest management
    Autorzy:
    Borecki, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1012383.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    gospodarka zrownowazona
    gospodarka lesna
    znaczenie
    plan urzadzania lasu
    lesnictwo
    urzadzanie lasu
    forest management
    forest planning
    multifunctional forest management
    forest management services
    Opis:
    Paper emphasises the positive impact of the forest management planning on the condition of Polish forests after World War II. Attention was drawn to the solutions in the forest law supporting sustainable forest management. General views on modern forest management planning of three distinguished scientists, specialists in forest ecosystem functioning, Aleksander Sokołowski, Eugeniusz Bernadzki and Andrzej Szujecki were presented.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2008, 152, 01; 9-14
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Społeczne i ekonomiczne uwarunkowania realizacji publicznych funkcji lasu w Państwowym Gospodarstwie Leśnym Lasy Państwowe
    Social and economic conditions for providing public forest services in the State Forests National Forest Holding
    Autorzy:
    Gołos, P.
    Kaliszewski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989401.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
    lasy panstwowe
    funkcje publiczne
    funkcje pozaprodukcyjne
    funkcje ochronne
    funkcje spoleczne
    realizacja
    uwarunkowania spoleczne
    uwarunkowania ekonomiczne
    non−timber forest services
    costs and incomes
    forest economy
    opportunity costs
    forest policy
    Opis:
    The objective of the study was to present the social and economic conditions needed for provision of public forest functions by the State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL LP) managing the great majority of forests of the national property in Poland. The analysis was restricted to the selected protection functions (water and soil protection, protection of air and wildlife) and to the social functions (recreational and educational). Based on the analysis of four social factors (increasing social awareness, demographic changes in Poland, growing wealth of Polish society and social preferences towards forest functions) and three economic factors (increasing costs of forest management including labour costs and decreasing productive capacities of forestry), a number of conditions decisive for further directions of public sphere development in forestry as well as mutual relations between two main areas of PGL LP activities (timber production function and the most important non−timber forest and forest management functions) were developed. The obtained results indicate that in the nearest decades the PGL LP will implement forest management close to the limits of economic efficiency, which first of all will depend on the social factors. Necessary conditions will be interlinked with political expectations towards the forests as an important element of climate policy and also towards timber from forests as a source of renewable energy. Presented factors will occur in conditions of further diversification of competency in the field of nature protection within forests as well as persisting tendency towards diminishing area of productive forests. Resolving the conflict between multiple unfavourable for the forest economy social, political and environmental circumstances could come through economic solutions such as development of internal timber market and increasing timber prices.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 02; 91-99
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bieganie jako forma rekreacji w lasach Polski i Republiki Czeskiej - zalety i wady
    Running as a form of recreation in the Polish and Czech forests – advantages and disadvantages
    Autorzy:
    Janeczko, E.
    Fialova, J.
    Tomusiak, R.
    Woźnicka, M.
    Prochazkova, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980339.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lasy
    rekreacja
    bieganie
    preferencje spoleczne
    badania ankietowe
    Polska
    Czechy
    recreation
    sport
    forest ecosystem services
    internet questionnaire
    social preferences
    Opis:
    The article presents a comparative analysis of social preferences related to running in the forests of Poland and the Czech Republic. The preferences were determined on the basis of a questionnaire distributed in 2016 via social media among people interested in running in in both countries. The survey covered 346 people over 18 years of age in Poland and 294 people from Czech Republic. The questionnaire included questions such as: the frequency of running in the forest, the preferred season for running and average number of running kilometers in the week and the views on advantages and disadvantages of running in forest areas. The results show that there is quite a lot of differences between the preferences of respondents from both of the analyzed countries. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi−square test. The observed differences relate mainly to the choice of season for running in forests, the frequency of running in the forests, average distance covered in a week and the views on advantages of running in forest areas. The most preferred season for running in Polish forests was summer, then spring, while in Czech ones it was exactly the opposite. Most respondents in Poland run in the forest several times a week, whereas in the Czech Republic – several times a month. The most frequently mentioned advantages of running in Polish forests were: contact with nature, clean air, landscape – pleasant environment. In Czech forests among the most frequently mentioned advantages of running were: contact with nature, good quality surface and clean air. Subsequently, the respondents pointed to the lack of traffic control infrastructure, and lack or a small number of other recreational people. Among the disadvantages of running in the forest, respondents in both counties mentioned mainly: the presence of tick and hunters. Other factors limiting the comfort of running in the forests included: uneven road surface or problems with phone connection. Only the views on the subject of the attractiveness of the forests for running and disadvantages of running in forest areas were not significantly important.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2019, 163, 06; 522-528
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ stosowanych technologii pozyskiwania drewna przez Zakłady Usług Leśnych na obecną i przyszłą jakość techniczną sosnowych drzewostanów przedrębnych
    The effect of harvesting systems used by Forest Services Companies on the present and future technical quality of premature pine stands
    Autorzy:
    Zastocki, D
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026391.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    drzewostany sosnowe
    drzewostany
    metody pozyskiwania drewna
    uzytkowanie lasu
    Zaklady Uslug Lesnych
    lesnictwo
    jakosc
    drzewostany przedrebne
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    forest services companies
    stand damage
    thinnings
    kraft class
    harvesting system
    poland
    Opis:
    The aim of the paper is to determine the degree of damage of trees in a stand in the Kraft classes and diameters at breast height of trees in the damaged and undamaged stands depending on the harvesting system applied by Forest Services Companies. Field studies were carried out in the Polish lowlands in pine stands in the age classes II a, III a and IV a in the fresh forest habitat (Bśw) and mixed fresh forest habitat (BMśw). The prevailing species is pine (minimum 80%), and the assortment and tree−length methods are used for timber harvest. The thinning operations cause injuries to trees in the remaining stands and the scale of these injuries depends mainly on labour organisation.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2003, 147, 03; 28-34
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Atrakcyjność imprez biegowych w lasach Polski i Czech
    Attractiveness of running events in forests of Poland and Czech Republic
    Autorzy:
    Janeczko, E.
    Fialova, J.
    Tomusiak, R.
    Woźnicka, M.
    Janeczko, K.
    Budnicka-Kosior, J.
    Kwaśny, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986680.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    rekreacja
    lasy
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    biegi
    imprezy biegowe
    atrakcyjnosc
    Polska
    Czechy
    recreation
    sport tourism
    runners events
    forest environmental services
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey that aimed at determining social prefer− ences in relation to running as an active form of leisure in the forests. In 2016 the internet survey covered 346 people living in Poland, and 294 people from the Czech Republic, interested in running and jogging. The questionnaire included questions such as: the frequency of running events in the forest and the factors determined the respondent participation in running event in forests. Statistical analysis of the impact of personal characteristics (gender, age, residence) and experience in running on the preferences of respondents was carried out using the chi−square test. The results of research conducted in Poland suggest that men dominated among the respondents. The majority people aged 35−44 and were urban residents. Over half of the respondents declared that they are doing athletic or recreational running for more than 4 years. Among the respondents in the Czech Republic women prevailed. The largest group included respondents in the age of 25−34, urban inhabitants. Over half of the respondents declared that they are doing running from a year to four years. Results from both countries show that forests are an attractive place for running. However people from Poland were able to point out more forest running events on national or regional level and they have taken part in these events more often. The most significant factors determining the attractiveness of running events in forest include: general atmosphere prevailing at the event and the attractiveness of the running route. The preferences significantly varied mainly in terms of gender, age and experience in running. In both countries the longer experience in running, the more respondents were able to indicate a specific sport event and claim they had participated in some sport events, and also the more often they point out ‘general atmosphere prevailing at the event’ as a factor affecting attractiveness of the forest sport events.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 07; 610-616
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ gospodarki leśnej na przydatność lasów podmiejskich do rekreacji
    Effect of forest management on recreational usefulness of suburban forests
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987136.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    lasy podmiejskie
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    przydatnosc do rekreacji
    forest recreation
    forest management
    ecosystem services
    forest use
    Opis:
    The article is related to recreational use of forests, a dynamically growing sector of forest exploita− tion complying with the European model of multifunctional forestry. The study examined the relation between selected forestry operations performed in forests and the level of their recre− ational usefulness (recreational potential), and separately between the type of forest−hold and the dominant function of forest versus its usefulness for recreation. The study was carried out in south−eastern Poland, in suburban forests of Rzeszów. Recreational potential was determined with the use of method commonly applied in Poland, based on assessment of several features of tree stands i.e. habitat moisture, age of tree stands, inclination of the terrain, stand density, presence of undergrowth and underbrush, soil cover, species composition of the stand. The rela− tionships were examined with chi−squared test and their strength was assessed with Cramér V index. Tree stands with recreational value account for nearly 72% of the relevant forest area. Mean recreational capacity of the forests amounted to 2.19 man−hour/ha/day. The results show statistically significant effect of forest management in recreational usefulness of tree stands. In the case of forestry operations and type of forest−hold, the relationship is weak, but moderate for forest function. The stands with the largest recreational usefulness where those in which lumber is acquired from small felling sites (92% of these were useful for recreation), or those located in protection forests and fulfilling water protection functions (not to be confused with protection of water intakes, i.e. special forests). Protection forests were found with twice as many recre− ationally useful stands (60%) than commercial forests (32%). Similarly, water−protecting forests were twice as useful for recreation (78%) as forests protecting urban areas (35%) and forests damaged by industry (37%). The main factors reducing recreational usefulness of forests include dense undergrowth and underbrush (40% of land cover). The study identifies the elements of commercial forestry resulting in greater recreational usefulness of forests; hence it is possible to designate tree stands, which can be additionally developed for tourism related purposes without a need to modify the existing principles of forest management. On the other hand, in forests accessible for leisure, foresters can enhance the increase in recreational potential of forests by conducting planned commercial operations.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 07; 583-591
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rekreacyjne użytkowanie lasu w bilansie rocznym nadleśnictwa a szacunkowa wartość rekreacyjnej funkcji lasów
    Forest recreation in annual balance sheet of a forest districts versus estimated recreational value of forests
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986695.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    nadlesnictwa
    wartosc lasu
    wartosc rekreacyjna
    forest recreation
    value of forests
    valuation
    ecosystem services
    national forests
    Opis:
    The study was designed to determine current recreational value of the state forests in Poland from the viewpoint of their administrator (i.e. the State Forests National Forest Holding) and to compare this findings with the value estimated by other researchers. The research was conducted in 31% of all the forest districts administered by the State Forests. The survey was sent to these units by e−mail. It contained two questions about: (1) what part of the total annual expenditures of the forest district is connected with recreational development and use of forests, and (2) what part of the total annual revenues of the forest district is generated by recreational use of forests. Afterwards, the current recreational value of the State Forests was calculated. Budget related data come from the annual financial and operational statement of the State Forests. The findings show that operations linked with recreational use of forests in majority of the forest districts generate losses and only in some of them measurable financial gains are recorded. Costs linked to recreational use of forests are incurred by nearly all districts (97%), yet in the most cases they account for up to 3% of the total disbursements. Only 25% of the forest districts recorded revenues from this type of operations. The current recreational value of the State Forests in Poland is estimated to circa 8 USD/ha. Notably, this is a mean value for all national forests in Poland, yet not all of them are equally attractive to visitors. The relevant value for only urban and suburban forests equals 94 USD/ha, which is approximately 10% of the estimated value reported by other researchers. It can be assumed that the remaining part of the revenues generated by recreational function of forests represent earnings of local businesses (accommodation, catering, grocery shops, souvenirs, transport and other services). The present findings provide important information for the State Forest administrators and for the public. Forest administrators should seek the possibility to change above mentioned disadvantageous ratio to at least one of 3:7. Given this, a change in the national forest policy would be worth considering; a proposal for such transformation is presented.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2017, 161, 09; 748-755
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Roślinność jako ważny element systemu gospodarowania wodami opadowymi na terenach miejskich
    Vegetation as an important element of precipitation water management on urban areas
    Autorzy:
    Suchocka, M.
    Siedlecka, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/144828.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Komunikacji Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej
    Tematy:
    mała retencja
    drzewa miejskie
    wyspa ciepła
    LID
    zrównoważone budownictwo
    usługi ekosystemów
    Sustainable Water Management
    urban forest
    Urban Heat Island
    sustainable development
    ecosystem services
    Opis:
    Zarządzanie wodami opadowymi stało się dużym wyzwaniem, z którym jesteśmy zmuszeni zacząć sobie radzić w sposób inny niż te dotychczas nam znane. Ludzie w znaczący sposób wpłynęli na zmiany w procesie cyrkulacji wody opadowej. Procesy, które występują w środowisku naturalnym, na obszarach miejskich zostały zaburzone. Skalę problemu niedostatecznej przepuszczalności gruntu obserwować możemy na przykładzie Warszawy, gdzie stosunek powierzchni nieprzepuszczalnych, uszczelnionych do całkowitej powierzchni danej zlewni w centrum miasta wynosi 0,9 natomiast na obrzeżach miasta 0,4–0,7, co powoduje wiele problemów z eksploatacją i konserwacją urządzeń odprowadzających spiętrzony nadmiar wody. Nasila się zjawisko miejskiej wyspy ciepła, obniża poziom wód gruntowych i powierzchniowych, pogorsza się stan zieleni miejskiej a wszystkie te tendencje w znacznym stopniu wpływają na pogorszenie warunków życia mieszkańców. Drzewa i inna roślinność pełnią bardzo ważną rolę na terenach zurbanizowanych. W niniejszym artykule opisane zostały sposoby wykorzystania ich pracy, zwanej usługami ekosystemowymi, w poprawie funkcjonowania miasta, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem małej retencji.
    Rainwater management has become a big challenge, with which we are forced to start working in ways different from what we know so far. People caused significant changes in rainwater circulation. The processes that occur in the natural environment on urban areas have been disturbed. The magnitude of the problem of insufficient soil permeability can be observed in the case of Warsaw, where the ratio of impervious pavement and areas to the total surface area in the city center is 0.9 and 0.4–0.7 outside of the city, which causes many problems with the installation and maintenance of drainage infrastructure. The phenomenon of Urban Heat Island intensifies, lowering of the ground and surface water level is causing worsening of urban greenery condition, and all these tendencies seriously affect the deterioration of city dwellers living conditions. In that context urban trees and greenery play a very important role in the city, and this article describes how to use “work of trees”, called ecosystem services, to improve the city’s functioning, with particular emphasis on urban retention.
    Źródło:
    Drogownictwo; 2017, 7-8; 236-243
    0012-6357
    Pojawia się w:
    Drogownictwo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wybrane aspekty zrównoważonego użytkowania lasu w nawiązaniu do programu zrównoważonego rozwoju - przykład Polski
    Selected aspects of sustainable forest utilization with regard to the sustainable development program - Polish example
    Autorzy:
    Dudek, T.
    Zięba, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/986663.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    gospodarka lesna
    gospodarka zrownowazona
    uzytkowanie lasu
    uzytkowanie zrownowazone
    pozyskiwanie drewna
    uzytkowanie rekreacyjne
    rozwoj zrownowazony
    Polska
    sustainable development
    forest recreation
    timber harvest
    ecosystem services
    paradigm
    Opis:
    The paper presents the ideas of sustainable development with regard to the specific forest issues and management of its resources. We consider two main directions of forest use, which have the greatest impact on the condition of forest environment, i.e. logging and recreational use of the forest. This confrontation shows how effective the instruments of sustainable development are in collision with, on the one hand, the pragmatic−economic issue of profitability and a specific profit from logging, and, on the other hand, with the autotelic tourist exploration of the forest. The aim of the paper was to discuss selected aspects of sustainable forest use with regard to the sustainable development program and to identify problems, which modern forest management (forest utilisation) faces as a result of society’s expectations and the possibilities of today’s forestry in Poland. The example of Poland shows that there is a full understanding of the need to preserve the forests in the landscape, which was reflected in the form of legal acts and adopted international regulations for sustainable forest management (most forests in Poland have PEFC and FSC certificates). However, considering forest use as one of the main branches of forest management, there is still a large deficit of pro−ecological logging technologies in Poland, especially from difficult mountain areas (about 150 cableways missing), which is largely due to economic factor. The other problem of sustainable forest use in Poland is still low social awareness of the consequences of negative human impact on the forest ecosystem, which is manifested, i.e. littering in forests. Garbage is left both during leisure in forest as well as brought in larger quantities creating so−called wild dumping sites frequently containing also hazardous waste. Another problem of contemporary forest use is the maintenance of durability of forest ecosystems in recreational and tourist areas, especially protected areas, and above all in national parks, most of which in Poland have a forest character. The scale of threat to forest sustainability is incomparably higher here than in economic forests, which results from the large number of visitors in the national parks.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2018, 162, 06; 469-478
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-12 z 12

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