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Tytuł:
Warunki termiczne a stężenie pyłu zawieszonego w powietrzu atmosferycznym zimą w wybranych miastach Polski
Thermal conditions and concentration of particulate matter in atmospheric air in winter in selected Polish cities
Autorzy:
Rawicki, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/134837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
ADVSEO
Tematy:
PM10
air temperature
air pollution
Opis:
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of thermal conditions on emission of PM10 in the atmosphere during the winter period in selected Polish cities. The basis of the work were average daily PM10 and air temperature measurement results, which were made in six cities during three of calendar winters (December-February) in 2011–2014. It has been shown that every decrease in temperature during the winter affects the increase in the concentration of PM10 in ambient air in most of the analyzed cities. The greatest role of air temperature in shaping emission of the fraction of particulate matter variability was found in a relatively cool winter 2011/2012, when the number of days with oversize levels of contamination ranged from 7 in Suwałki to even 46 in Nowy Sącz. The smallest impact of this weather element was found during a warm winter 2013/2014.
Źródło:
Technical Issues; 2016, 1; 59-65
2392-3954
Pojawia się w:
Technical Issues
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmienność temperatury powietrza w Arktyce Kanadyjskiej w okresie 1951-2005
Variability of air temperature in the Canadian Arctic from 1951 to 2005
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Maszewski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatura powietrza
klasyfikacja termiczna
trendy temperatury powietrza
air temperature
Canadian Arctic
trends of air temperature
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono szczegółową charakterystykę warunków termicznych na obszarze Arktyki Kanadyjskiej w okresie 1951-2005. Do tego celu wykorzystano średnie miesięczne, sezonowe i roczne wartości temperatury powietrza. Omówiono zarówno średnie rozkłady przestrzenne, jak też ich zmienność w badanym okresie czasu. Na podstawie uśrednionych obszarowo wartości temperatury powietrza dla całej Arktyki Kanadyjskiej, dla poszczególnych miesięcy i dla roku, ukazano ich zmienność w okresie 1951-2005 wykorzystując klasyfikacje termiczną zaproponowaną przez Miętusa i in. (2002).
This paper presents a detailed characterisation of thermal conditions in the Canadian Arctic from 1951 to 2005. For this purpose, monthly data (average, maximum and minimum temperatures) for 12 meteorological stations have been used (Table 1, Figure 1). Basic climatological characteristics have been calculated (Tables 3 and 4) and their spatial distributions are shown on maps (Figure 2). For seasonal and annual mean air temperature, the frequency of their occurrence in 1-degree intervals (Figure 4) as well as year-to-year changes (Table 4) have been calculated. For two time periods (1951-2005 and 1976-2005) air temperature trends for seasonal and annual means have also been presented (Table 5 and Figure 7). In both periods, areally averaged trends for the Canadian Arctic are positive. The greatest temperature trends were noted in autumn: 0.30°C/decade and 0.91°C/decade, respectively. From the period 1951-2005 to the period 1976-2005 a significant rise in trend values was observed, with the exception of winter. In the latter period, trends were statistically significant in summer, autumn and for the year as a whole. In the period 1951-2005, statistically significant trends occurred only in autumn (see Table 5). Thermal classifications of each month and year of the study period have been made according to the proposals of Miętus et al. (2002) (see Table 2 and Figure 8). The results of this classification show that after 1993 a significant increase in the number of months and years, classified as abnormally or extremely warm, was noted.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2007, 17; 31-43
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przebieg roczny temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie
Annual course of air temperature on the Antarctic
Autorzy:
Kejna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Antarktyda
temperatury powietrza
Antarctic
air temperature
Opis:
On the Antarctic the annual course of air temperature shows a considerable spatial differentiation. Over the inland the course of temperature during the year is conditioned by insolation-radiational factors. On the coast the role of circulation factors connected with the advection of air masses from above the ocean or from the interior of the continent. In the paper mean monthly air temperatures from 56 stations making standard meteorological observations and from 38 automatic weather stations (AWS) have been used. On the Antarctic there types of annual air temperature courses can be distinguished: Oceanic - characterised by positive air temperatures in the summer season with the highest temperatures in February and by mild temperatures in the winter months (to -10°C). As a result of the ocean influence spring is considerable colder then autumn. The annual amplitudes are small (to 10-15°C). This type occurs on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and on the subantarctic islands. Continental - with very low air temperatures. The warmest month is December with temperatures below -30°C in the interior of the continent. In winter the lowest mean monthly temperatures reach -70°C. The temperature frequently increases in the middle of winter; this phenomenon is called kernlose winter. The annual amplitude of air temperature is not high and in the interior its value reaches 30-35°C. The continental type includes the whole Antarctic except the narrow coastal belt. Coastal - characterised by air temperature around 0°C in the summer period. The warmest month is January. The lowest temperatures occur in January (-30° do -40°C). The growth of temperature in spring delays the heat uptake for the melting of sea ice. The annual amplitude of the air temperature is quite high and exceeds 20°C. Due to the influence of circulation factors on the Antarctic the annual course of the air temperature shows a large variability from year to year.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2002, 12; 5-19
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany trendu temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie w latach 1958-2000
Change of air temperature range on the Antarctic in the years 1958-2000
Autorzy:
Kejna, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatury powietrza
Antarktyda
air temperature
Antarctic
Opis:
The progressive increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in consequence leads to the rise of the global air temperature. According to the III Report of IPCC (2001) from 1880 the mean temperature on the Earth has grown by 0.6°C ą0.2°C. The reaction of polar regions to the greenhouse effect is unknown. The Antarctic climate shows a considerably greater variability in comparison with the lower latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. This is conditioned by interactions between the atmospheric circulation, the ocean, and the cryosphere. According to the scenarios of global greenhouse effect the temperature at the polar regions should grow by 3°C in summer and 4-5°C in winter. However, these model researches are not confirmed in reality. This shows that our knowledge concerning the functioning of climate system of the polar regions is insufficient. In the paper we have used monthly mean air temperature values for 21 stations being in operation on the Antarctic in the years 1958-2000 and for 34 stations making observations in the years 1981-2000. After checking the homogeneity of the series by the Alexandersson?s (1986) test we have counted the trends of air temperature. The average trend for annual and seasonal values were expressed by temperature change per 10 years. In the years 1958-2000 on the Antarctic the trend of the mean annual values of the air temperature shows great spatial differentiation. These differences are connected with the radiation balance depending on the variability of cloudiness and the albedo of the surface, and on the transformation of pressure fields and changes of the atmospheric circulation. Statistically significant (on 0.95 significance level) air temperature increase occurred on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (for example Faraday 0.67°C/10 years) and at the stations Belgrano and McMurdo. A negative air temperature trend occurred on the South Pole (-0.21°C/10 years) and on the Droning Maud Land. The temperature changes in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula are correlated with the extension and surface of sea ice, especially in winter. There are considerable differences of air temperature trends on the Antarctic between the periods 1958-1980 and 1981-2000. The period 1958-1980 is characterized by an increase of air temperature, especially on the shore of continent (Casey 0.84°C/10 years, Faraday 0.76°C/10 years, Halley 0.69°C/10 years). The interior of the continent is distinguished by stability of weather conditions. Year-to-year temperature changes are smaller, then at the coast (the trend at the Amundsen-Scott station average 0.26°C/10 years). During the last years (1981-2000) significant changes took place in the tendency of air temperature on the Antarctic. In many regions of the Antarctic cooling began, on the cost of East Antarctica the temperature decreases, on the coasts of the Wilkes Land (Casey -0.82°C/10 years) and the Weddell Sea (Halley -1.13?C/10 years, Larsen Ice -0.89°C/10 years), especially in the autumn-winter period. In the interior of the continent also lower and lower temperatures occurred (Amundsen-Scott -0.42°C/10 years, Dome C -0.71°C/10 years). The cooling can be observed in all seasons, but it is the greatest in summer and autumn, when the decrease of solar radiation was observed in connection with the growing cloudiness. Vostok situated at the highest parts of ice dome does not show statistically significant trend. An increase of the temperature was observed in the interior of West Antarctica (Byrd 0.37°C/10 years). The warming rate of the climate became weaker on the Antarctic Peninsula (Faraday 0.56°C/10 years). The largest temperature changes occurred in the autumn-winter season when in the Antarctic Peninsula region the temperature increased, while in the interior and at the coast of East Antarctica considerably fell. Climate changes during the last 20 years of the 20th century showed the weakening of the warming rate on the Antarctic Peninsula and distinct cooling on the East Antarctica. The lack of warming, or even cooling, on the East Antarctica, is favourable to maintain the present climate system in this region. The increasing air temperature on the West Antarctic, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula caused many natural consequences. The ablation of glaciers clearly intensified, deglaciation takes place, glaciers retreat. The environmental changes lead to disturbances in the functioning of the Antarctic ecosystem.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 7-26
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena dokładności stosowanych metod obliczania średnich i ekstremalnych dobowych wartości temperatury powietrza w Arktyce Kanadyjskiej w XIX wieku
Estimation of accuracy of methods used calculation of mean and extreme daily air temperature values in the American Arctic in the 19th century
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Vizi, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Arktyka Amerykańska
temperatury powietrza
średnia i ekstremalna amplituda dobowa
American Arctic
air temperature
mean and extreme daily air temperature
Opis:
W artykule omówiono różne metody obliczania średnich dobowych temperatury powietrza w Arktyce Amerykańskiej w XIX wieku. Oceniono dokładność stosowania tych metod biorąc pod uwagę jako średnią wzorcową tzw. średnią dobową rzeczywistą temperaturę powietrza obliczaną z 24 danych cogodzinnych. Drugim problemem badawczych, który podjęto w artykule, jest oszacowanie wielkości błędów jakie się popełnia wybierając z różnych zbiorów danych godzinowych (co 1-, 2-, 3-godziny itd.) najwyższe i najniższe dobowe temperatury powietrza. Jako wzorzec w tym przypadku wykorzystano wartości temperatur maksymalnych i minimalnych powietrza odczytane z termometrów ekstremalnych. Podobną analizę przeprowadzono także dla amplitudy dobowej temperatury powietrza. Dla wszystkich analizowanych parametrów termicznych i dla wszystkich metod obliczania/wyznaczania średnich dobowych temperatury powietrza i temperatur ekstremalnych obliczono m. in. przeciętne błędy estymacji ich średnich miesięcznych wartości.
Knowledge about the history of climate in the Arctic is more and more important and necessary, especially at present when we are approaching the Fourth International Polar Year 2007-2008. Generally speaking, the history of the climate in this area during the 20th century is quite well known. On the other hand, little is known about the climate in the 19th century. Moreover, while we have extensive meteorological data for this period, in particular for the American Arctic, these data have many errors and biases. One of the most important biases is connected with the way in which daily mean air temperature has been calcu-lated. In the American Arctic during the 19th century nine different methods (m1-m9) were used. For the analysis we also added two presently used methods (m10-m11). The main aim of this paper is to estimate the magnitudes of errors which are connected with the use of the above methods of calculating daily means. As a real daily mean, the mean calculated using hourly data (m1) was used. Because in the American Arctic the mean daily air temperature is still calculated using formulae m11, we also calculated differences relative to this mean. Another issue which we undertake in the present paper concerns the estimation of errors which are the result of the method which was adopted to determine extreme temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) and the diurnal temperature range (DTR). We checked this for ten different methods (nine used in the 19th century) which used hourly, 2-, 3-, and 4-hourly etc. readings of air temperature for the purposes of calculation (see formulas m1-m10 for more details). As a base, real data, temperature readings from the extreme thermometers were used. For the analysis, hourly temperature data as well as daily Tmax and Tmin for the period 1979-1983 were used for the four meteorological stations (Eureka, Resolute, Coral Harbour and Iqaluit) located in the American Arctic. The results of our investigations are presented in Tables 1-5. The main conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1. Mean monthly temperatures obtained using methods m2-m5 and m9 of daily mean temperature calculation do not need to be corrected. The greatest errors (overestimation by 0.5 to 1.5°C) were found for the methods m6-m8 (owing to a lack of measurements during the night hours). The method m11 also produces significant errors. Generally, using this method, the mean monthly temperatures are most often lower (by 0.2 to 0.7°C) in relation to all methods analysed in the present paper (see Tables 1 and 2). 2. In accordance with expectations, mean monthly Tmax and Tmin determined using different methods are lower/higher than the respective monthly means calculated based on the readings from the maximum and minimum thermometers. When we determine Tmax and Tmin using hourly, 2-, and 3-hourly data, their monthly means are lower/higher, though generally by no more than 1.0°C. Greater errors are more clearly seen in the cold half-year than in the warm half-year (see Tables 3 and 4), 3. Mean monthly DTR calculated using hourly, 2-, and 3-hourly temperature data are lower than real values by about 0.5 to 2.0°C. For other methods of DTR calculations their errors are significantly greater - lower by about 3.0 to 4.0°C (see Table 5).
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2005, 15; 27-39
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zmian temperatury wody na Prądzie Norweskim na kształtowanie rocznej temperatury powietrza w atlantyckiej Arktyce i notowane tam ocieplenie w okresie ostatniego 20-lecia
The influence of changes in water temperature in the Norwegian Current on annual air temperature in the Atlantic part of the Arctic and its warming noted over the past 20-year period
Autorzy:
Styszyńska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260694.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatury powietrza
temperatury wody
Arktyka
water temperature
air temperature
Arctic
Opis:
Kruszewski, Marsz and Zblewski (2003) found out that winter temperature of water in the Norwegian Current indicates quite strong, occurring with a delay, correlations with the air temperature at Spitsbergen, Bjornoya, Hopen and Jan Mayen. Strong and statistically significant correlations between the mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the period January-March in grid 2°x2° [67°N, 10°E] and the monthly temperature of July, August and September with SST are marked the same year (3-5 month delay) and with the air temperature in November and December the following year (18-20 month delay). Waters of the Norwegian Current transport warm, of higher salinity Atlantic waters. Winter SST of the Atlantic Ocean characterizes the heat resources in the deeper layers of waters. SST in grid [67,10] in an indirect way characterizes heat resources carried with the Atlantic waters into the Norwegian Sea and farther to the Arctic together with the West Spitsbergen and Nordcap currents. The aim of this work is to describe the influence caused by changes in heat resources transported to the Arctic with the Norwegian Current on the annual temperature of air in the region of Hopen, Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen. The examined period covers the years of 1982?2002 and is marked by great warming in this area. The analysis of spatial distribution of correlation coefficients justifies Kruszewski and others (2003) hypothesis of mechanism causing the delayed influence of changes in water heat resources on the air temperature in this region The observed positive correlations between winter SST in [67,10] grid and air temperature in July, August and September result in the influence of changing water heat resources on atmospheric circulation noted in these months. Positive correlations in November and December in the following year result from the ?onflow? to the Arctic of warmer and of high salinity Atlantic waters. They have influence on the ice formation on the Greenland and Barents seas thus causing that influence of changing heat resources carried with waters on air temperature is much stronger. The analysis of regression made it possible to establish the correlation between annual air temperature at a given station (Ts) and winter water temperature (Tw) in [67,10] grid. Annual temperature in a year k is a function of two variables: Tw of the same year as the temperature Ts (Tw(k)) and Tw from the preceding year (Tw(k-1)): Ts(k) = A + b . Tw(k) + c . Tw(k-1) Table 3 contains the values of constant term and regression coefficients as well as statistical characteristics of formulas for the analysed stations. Both variables Tw from the year k and the year k-1 explain about 40% of the changeability in mean annual air temperature of the observed 20-year period at the analysed stations. This means that only one element, i.e. heat resource in the waters of the Norwegian Current, defined with the value Tw, determines more than 1/3 of the whole annual changeability in air temperature in the region located from Jan Mayen up to Hopen and from Tromso up to Ny Alesund. The station for which maximum explanation may be applied (47.7%) is Hopen, the station where the positive trend in annual temperature is the highest (+0.090°C/year). The values of regression coefficients b and c prove that the inertial factor connected with advection of the Atlantic waters has greater role in the changeability in mean annual temperature of air. The analysis of formula [2] indicates that great increases and decreases in annual temperature at the discussed stations will be observed in a k year if the values of Tw in two following years are significantly higher or lower than the mean ones. That is why the occurrence of positive trend in value of Tw should be followed by relatively systematic increase in annual air temperature at stations located at the described region. A positive trend in annual air temperature was noted at the analysed stations over the period 1982?2002. At Jan Mayen its value is +0.067 (ą0.028)°C/year (p<0.026). When taking the estimated values of regression coefficients in the multiple regression connecting the annual temperature at Jan Mayen with the value of Tw (Table 1) and the same value of trend T equal to +0.023 then the value of annual trend in air temperature at Jan Mayen influenced by trend Tw equals 0.0598°C/year. The obtained result indicates that the whole or almost whole warming observed at Jan Mayen in the years 1983-2002 may be explained by direct and indirect influence of the increase in the value of Tw over that period.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 69-78
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ zmian temperatury wody powierzchniowej mórz Barentsa, Norweskiego i Grenlandzkiego na trend rocznej temperatury powietrza na Spitsbergenie
Influence of changes in sea surface temperature in the Barents, Norwegian and Greenland seas on the annual air temperature trend at Spitsbergen
Autorzy:
Styszyńska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatura powietrza
temperatura powierzchni morza
Spitsbergen
air temperature
sea surface temperature
Opis:
Praca omawia wpływ zmian temperatury wód powierzchniowych (SST - sea surface temperature) mórz Barentsa, Norweskiego i Grenlandzkiego zachodzących w okresie zimowego wychładzania (styczeń-kwiecień) na roczne i sezonowe wartości temperatury powietrza na Spitsbergenie w okresie 1912-2010. Stwierdzono, że zimowa SST rozległej powierzchni mórz otaczających Spitsbergen jest silnie skorelowana z roczną temperaturą powietrza na Spitsbergenie przez kolejne trzy lata (k, k+1, k+2). Powierzchnia akwenów, na których występują opóźnione korelacje z temperaturą powietrza na Spitsbergenie stopniowo zmniejsza się, a siła związków słabnie. Obszary, na których w roku k+2 korelacje utrzymują najwyższą (p < 0.001) istotność odtwarzają szlaki przenosu prądowego. Akwen, na którym zmienność SST z roku k najsilniej koreluje z roczną i zimową temperaturą powietrza na Spitsbergenie w kolejnych trzech latach (k, k+1, k+2) nie zmienia swojego położenia - jest to obszar leżący na pograniczu N części Morza Norweskiego i W części Morza Barentsa - między Bjornoyą a Nordkapem. Długookresowe zmiany temperatury powierzchni mórz wokółspitsbergeńskich regulują długookresową zmienność temperatury powietrza na Spitsbergenie, a występujący w przebiegu rocznej temperatury powietrza trend ma swoją genezę w zmianach zasobów ciepła w wodach tych mórz.
This work discusses the influence of changes in SST (sea surface temperature) of the Barents, Norwegian and Greenland seas occurring during winter cooling (January-April) on annual and seasonal air temperatures at Spitsbergen during 1912-2010. It was found that the winter SST of vast seas surrounding the region of Spitsbergen is strongly correlated with annual and winter air temperature at Spitsbergen during the next three years (k, k+1, k+2). The sea areas, where the delayed correlations with air temperature at Spitsbergen are observed, gradually decrease, and the strength of the correlation decreases. The routes of moving current represent the areas where correlations maintain the highest significance (p <0.001) in the year k+2. The sea area, where variability of SST from year k is most strongly correlated with the annual and winter air temperature at Spitsbergen in the next three years (k, k+1, k+2) does not change its position - this is the area lying on the border of the north part of the Norwegian Sea and the west part of the Barents Sea - between Bjornoya and Nordkap. Long-term sea surface temperature changes of vast seas surrounding the region of Spitsbergen regulate the long-term variability of the air temperature on Spitsbergen, and appearing in the course of the annual air temperature trend has his own genesis in changes of resources of the warmth in waters of these seas.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2011, 21; 115-131
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zlodzenie Hornsundu i wód przyległych (Spitsbergen) w sezonie zimowym 2011-2012
Ice conditions in Hornsund and adjacent waters (Spitsbergen) during winter season 2011-2012
Autorzy:
Kruszewski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/972205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatura powietrza
wiatr
Akseloya
Calypsobyen
Spitsbergen
air temperature
wind
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków meteorologicznych jakie występuje latem w rejonie Bellsundu. Analizą objęto okres od 23 czerwca do 1 września 2011 roku. Długość serii pomiarowej wynika z terminu rozpoczęcia i zakończenia Wyprawy UMCS na Spitsbergen. W pracy przeanalizowano zmienność temperatury powietrza oraz kierunku i prędkości wiatru na stacjach Calypsobyen i Akseloya. W badanym czasie na stacji Akseloya dominuje wiatr NE, a subdominuje wiatr z SW, natomiast na stacji Calypsobyen odpowiednio wiatry z ENE i NW. Na obu stacjach średnie prędkości wiatru są zbliżone. Przy wszystkich kierunkach wiatru, poza sektorem SW, temperatura powietrza na stacji Akseloya jest wyższa niż na Calypsobyen. Największe różnice temperatury występują przy wiatrach z ESE (4,3 deg). Występowanie wyraźnego ocieplenia na stacji Akseloya przy wiatrach z sektora E – SSE wiązać należy ze zjawiskami fenowymi.
The paper presents a variation of meteorological conditions that are observed during summer in the region of Bellsund. The analysis covered the period from 21 June to 1 September 2011. The length of the measurement series results from the date of commencement and completion of UMCS Expedition to Spitsbergen. The paper examines the variability of air temperature and wind direction and speed at the Calypsobyen and Akseloya stations. In the analyzed period, NE wind dominates at the Akseloya station and SW wind sub-dominates there whereas at the Calypsobyen station winds from ENE and NW respectively. The average wind speeds at both stations are similar. For all wind directions, outside the SW sector, the air temperature at the Akseloya station is higher than at the Calypsobyen station. The largest temperature differences occur when winds from ESE (4.3 deg) are observed. The presence of visible warming at the Akseloya station during winds from the E-SSE sector should be associated with the phenomenon of foehn winds.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2013, 23; 169-179
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapis zmian zachodzących w środowisku przez sosnę zwyczajną oraz sosnę Banksa
Record of the changes in environment by Scots pine and Jack pine trees
Autorzy:
Wilczyński, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979308.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
basal area increment
growth reduction
pollution
air temperature
dendroclimatology
Opis:
The aim of the study was to investigate how industrial pollutants and change of thermal conditions of winter season in the second half of the 20th century affected the basal area increment (BAI) and the climatic signal in the BAI chronologies of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus banksiana. Samples were collected from 21 trees of both species growing in the Chrzanów Forest District (50°20' N, 19°47' E) which is located between the Upper Silesian and Krakow Industrial Regions. Two cores were taken from each tree. Tree−ring widths were measured at the cores and the BAI for each year in the period 1930−2016 was calculated. The growth reductions of both pine species in the years 1951−1970, increasing of diversity of growth reactions from year to year and also reduction of strength of climatic signal in the period 1963−1994 may have been caused by industry pollution. The reduction of wood growth, the increase of the diversity of short−term incremental reactions and also the reduction of strength of the climatic signal were greater in Jack pine. This indicates that Scots pine was more resistant to pollution. As an industrial production declined and environmentally friendly technologies were introduced in the 1990s homogeneity of growth reactions and strength of dependence between BAI and climate parameters in both species increased. A significant increase in the strength of the relationship between January temperature and BAI of Scots pine and Jack pine was observed in the early 2000s. This may suggest that the vegetation season starts already in January in the study area.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2020, 164, 07; 583-593
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza zmienności temperatury powietrza w Poznaniu w latach 1973-2003
Analysis of the variability of air temperature in Poznań in the years 1973-2003
Autorzy:
Jędrys, K.
Leśny, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338509.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
Poznań
temperatura powietrza
zmiany klimatu
air temperature
climate change
Opis:
W pracy dokonano analizy warunków termicznych w Poznaniu w latach 1973-2003, wykorzystując dane meteorologiczne pochodzące ze stacji meteorologicznej IMGW Poznań-Ławica. Stwierdzono, że ocieplenie obserwowane na prawie całej kuli ziemskiej może znajdować swoje odzwierciedlenie w przebiegu średniej rocznej temperatury powietrza w Poznaniu. W analizowanym okresie zaobserwowano jej średni wzrost o 0,35°C w ciągu 10 lat, czyli łącznie o 1,05°C. Jest to wartość istotna statystycznie. Analizując temperaturę średnią miesięczną w tym samym czasie, zaobserwowano tendencję wzrostową w odniesieniu do 9 miesięcy.
The paper presents a study on thermal conditions in the years 1973-2003 in Poznań, using meteorological data from IMGW Meteorological Station Poznań-Ławica. It was found that global warming observed almost all over the world is probably reflected in the course of mean annual air temperature in Poznań. It grew on average by 0.35°C per decade, which makes a statistically significant increase by 1.05°C over the study period. The analysis of monthly means of air temperatures showed increasing tendency for 9 months.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2007, T. 7, z. 2a; 137-145
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Słoneczna temperatura przegrody pionowej w warunkach klimatu lokalnego
Solar-air temperature of vertical building structure in local climate
Autorzy:
Wojewódka, D.
Wilk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/362800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Fizyki Budowli Katarzyna i Piotr Klemm
Tematy:
słoneczna temperatura
współczynnik absorpcyjności promieniowania słonecznego
solar-air temperature
Opis:
W artykule autorzy podjęli próbę oceny wpływu promieniowania słonecznego na pionowe przeszkody budowlane w warunkach klimatu lokalnego, w zależnosci od parametrów materiałowych powierzchni przegrody. Wpływ promieniowania słonecznego wyrażony został przez temperaturę słoneczną. Analiza została przeprowadzona na podstawie pomiarów całkowitego promieniowania słonecznego padającego na płaszczyznę pionową, uzyskanych na stanowisku badawczym zakładu Budownictwa Ekologicznego.
In the paper a trial of the influence of total solar radiation on vertical building structures was taken up. The influence of solar radiation was described on research stand of Department of Building Processes of Silesian University of technology were used in calculations.
Źródło:
Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce; 2007, T. 2; 311-316
1734-4891
Pojawia się w:
Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunki termiczne i wilgotnościowe w Zatoce Treurenberg i na masywie Olimp (NE Spitsbergen) w okresie od 1.VIII.1899 - 15.VIII.1900
Thermal and humidity relations in Treurenberg Bay and Massif Olimp (NE Spitsbergen) from 1st August 1899 to 15th August 1900)
Autorzy:
Przybylak, R.
Dzierżawski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260665.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatury powietrza
wilgotność powietrza
Spitsbergen
air temperature
atmospheric humidity
Opis:
The paper describes weather conditions (based on air temperature and humidity) in Treurenberg Bay and Massif Olimp (NE Spitsbergen) for the period from 1st August 1899 to 15th August 1900. The hourly data of the meteorological elements under analysis were collected by the Swedish-Russian scientific expedition, which was sent to Spitsbergen in 1899 to measure an arc of the Earth?s meridian. During the expedition two meteorological stations were established (Fig. 1): the main one (21.9 m a.s.l.) located by the sea in Treurenberg Bay (hereafter 'Treurenberg') and a secondary station (408 m a.s.l.) situated on Massif Olimp (hereafter 'Olimp'). The quality of data were checked and assessed as being very good, especially for the Treurenberg station. The air temperature (T) in Treurenberg in the annual march was highest in August (mean monthly T = 2.1°C) and lowest in March (-27.0°C) (Tab. 2, Fig. 2). Mean yearly T was equal to -9.8°C. The values of T in this part of Spitsbergen are significantly lower than in the western coastal part of the island where, for example, the average annual T for the period 1975-2000 was about twice as high (see Przybylak et al. 2004). On the other hand, mean monthly daily T ranges in Treurenberg are greater (Fig. 3). Day-to-day T changes in the annual cycle were greatest in the cold half-year, and lowest in summer (Fig. 4). These changes are lower here than in the western coastal part of Spitsbergen. Mean monthly daily courses of T are clearest from April to September, showing maximum T in the afternoon, and minimum in the early morning hours (Fig. 5). From October to March (but especially during the polar night) the average daily courses were smooth. Air humidity in Treurenberg was characterized using three commonly used variables: water vapor pressure, relative humidity, and saturation deficit. Due to very low T and quite a large thermic continentality of the climate in NE Spitsbergen, water vapor pressure in Treurenberg is lower than in the western coastal part of Spitsbergen. The highest values in Treurenberg occurred in summer (on average about 6 hPa) and the lowest in late winter (below 1 hPa) (Tab. 2, Fig. 6). Generally, similar relations in the annual march are also seen for two other air humidity variables (see Tab. 2, Fig. 6). The annual cycles of day-to-day changes of all humidity variables in Treurenberg are not clear, as they consist of many maximums and minimums (Fig. 7). These changes are lower here than in other parts of Spitsbergen (see Table 15 in Przybylak 1992a). Mean daily courses of relative humidity are smooth for most months. Only in April and in the period from June to September do we see normal daily cycles with lowest values in 'day' hours and highest values in 'night' hours (Fig. 9). The annual course of T in the Olimp station is similar to that occurring in Treurenberg (Figs. 2 and 10). Of course, the upper station was colder, but only by 1oC for mean annual values (Fig. 11). The drop of T in the Treurenberg region - a drop that is lower than is normally observed in the atmosphere (0.6oC/100 m) - was probably caused by measurement errors (the thermograph at the Olimp station was wrapped in thin material in order to stop the snow accumulating around the metallic sensor). Only limited air humidity data were gathered for the Olimp station due to measurement problems of this element in cold half-year. Therefore, most observations were made only in summer, and they show that the relative humidity was in most cases greater here than at the Treurenberg station. The investigation shows that weather conditions in the NE part of Spitsbergen differ significantly from those observed in the western coastal part of the island. Both T and air humidity are significantly lower in the study area, and these differences in the case of T are especially large in winter.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 133-147
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Porównanie wybranych elementów meteorologicznych w sezonie letnim 2011 roku między stacjami Calypsobyen i Akseloya (W Spitsbergen)
Comparison of some selected meteorological elements of the summer season 2011 between Calypsobyen and Akseloya stations (W Spitsbergen)
Autorzy:
Styszyńska, A.
Siwek, K.
Gluza, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
temperatura powietrza
wiatr
Akseloya
Calypsobyen
Spitsbergen
air temperature
wind
Opis:
W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie warunków meteorologicznych jakie występuje latem w rejonie Bellsundu. Analizą objęto okres od 23 czerwca do 1 września 2011 roku. Długość serii pomiarowej wynika z terminu rozpoczęcia i zakończenia Wyprawy UMCS na Spitsbergen. W pracy przeanalizowano zmienność temperatury powietrza oraz kierunku i prędkości wiatru na stacjach Calypsobyen i Akseloya. W badanym czasie na stacji Akseloya dominuje wiatr NE, a subdominuje wiatr z SW, natomiast na stacji Calypsobyen odpowiednio wiatry z ENE i NW. Na obu stacjach średnie prędkości wiatru są zbliżone. Przy wszystkich kierunkach wiatru, poza sektorem SW, temperatura powietrza na stacji Akseloya jest wyższa niż na Calypsobyen. Największe różnice temperatury występują przy wiatrach z ESE (4,3 deg). Występowanie wyraźnego ocieplenia na stacji Akseloya przy wiatrach z sektora E – SSE wiązać należy ze zjawiskami fenowymi.
The paper presents a variation of meteorological conditions that are observed during summer in the region of Bellsund. The analysis covered the period from 21 June to 1 September 2011. The length of the measurement series results from the date of commencement and completion of UMCS Expedition to Spitsbergen. The paper examines the variability of air temperature and wind direction and speed at the Calypsobyen and Akseloya stations. In the analyzed period, NE wind dominates at the Akseloya station and SW wind sub-dominates there whereas at the Calypsobyen station winds from ENE and NW respectively. The average wind speeds at both stations are similar. For all wind directions, outside the SW sector, the air temperature at the Akseloya station is higher than at the Calypsobyen station. The largest temperature differences occur when winds from ESE (4.3 deg) are observed. The presence of visible warming at the Akseloya station during winds from the E-SSE sector should be associated with the phenomenon of foehn winds.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2013, 23; 157-168
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Odczuwalność cieplna w okresie zimowym w rejonie Polskiej Stacji Polarnej w Hornsundzie w latach 1991-2000
Thermal sensations in Winter months over the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund area; 1991-2000
Autorzy:
Owczarek, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
Spitsbergen
temperatury powietrza
odczuwalność cieplna
air temperature
thermal sensations
Opis:
Evaluation of thermal conditions on polar station is the subject of this paper. Calculations based on the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund data at 06, 12 and 18 GMT in the period 1991-2000. Three bio-meteorological indices were analyzed: Wind Chill Index (WCI) according to Siple-Passel formula (1945), Wind Chill Temperature Index (WCTI) based on new American and Canadian formula (2002) and Insulation Predicted (Iclp) according to Burton-Edholm formula (1955). Hypothermic conditions were noticed most often (60-90%) during considered period. Comfortable thermal conditions took below 10% causes per month only. The risk of frostbite of exposed skin could be noticed from November to April from 1% to over 18% causes per moth. The most severe conditions were occurred in February. There is a necessary to use clothes of over 4 clo thermal insulation and wind-protectors for most of considered period. There is also the need for keeping active, covering exposed skin and being ready to short outdoor activities.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 171-182
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola cyrkulacji atmosfery w kształtowaniu temperatury powietrza w styczniu na Spitsbergenie
Role of atmospheric circulation on the January temperature variability in Spitsbergen
Autorzy:
Niedźwiedź, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260696.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
Tematy:
cyrkulacja atmosfery
Spitsbergen
temperatury powietrza
atmospheric circulation
air temperature
Opis:
The study presents variability of simple circulation indices above Spitsbergen for the period 1899-2004 in January, based on original calendar of synoptic divided from the synoptic maps. After calculation of synoptic types frequencies the further results have been obtained using the simple circulation indices: W - westerly, zonal index, S - southerly - meridional index, C - cyclonicity index, as proposed by R. Murray and R. Lewis (1966) with some modifications, as well as Spitsbergen Oscillation (OS) defined as the standarized pressure difference between Bjornoya and Longyearbyen. The negative value of W index is typical for Spitsbergen, according to great frequency of eastern airflow. Variability of January temperature in Svalbard (t01SV) were investigated on the basis of averages from four stations: Isfjord Radio and Svalbard Lufthavn, as well as from Polish Polar Station in Hornsund Fiord on SW part of Spitsbergen, and from Bjornoya (Bear Island) - about 300 km SSE from Hornsund. After reconstructions of some lack data on the basis of linear regression, temperature data were obtained for the period of 1912-2004. For the temperature the main feature is period of cooling in the years 1912-1918 and then the great warming during the decade of 1930th (1933-1937). During the years 1937-1971 was observed the significant decreasing trend in January temperature to the cool period of years 1962-1971. The last period 1971-2004 has no any trend in temperature. But three large fluctuations took place with warm Januarys of 1972-1974, 1990-1992 and 1999-2001 and cool ones of 1975-1982, 1993-1998 and 2002-2004. Temperature of January changes in Spitsbergen depend on a great extend of circulation factors, mainly from the southern (S) and zonal circulation indices (W) or Spitsbergen Oscillation index (SO). Using the models of multiple regression was possible the recontruction of January temperature since 1899 on the basis of circulation indices. They explained about 63% of variance in temperature.
Źródło:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 59-68
1234-0715
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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