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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja
    American Feminism – the Third Wave. The Change and Continuation
    Autorzy:
    STRNAD, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/616564.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    American feminism
    feminizm amerykański
    Opis:
    The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Politologiczny; 2011, 2; 19-27
    1426-8876
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Politologiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chrześcijaństwo w Korei Północnej – polityczne wyzwanie dla komunistycznego państwa dżucze
    Autorzy:
    Strnad, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168260.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Opis:
    This paper briefly examines the issue of Christianity in the Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea, also known as North Korea. The prevailing foundational ideology of the North Korean state is Juche, which means “self-reliance.” The North Korean regime has harshly repressed the Christian religion because it is perceived as having the potential to challenge many of the Juche ideology’s orthodox assumptions. Additionally, the North Korean authorities regard Christianity as anathema because it is thought to be a conduit for outside influences, particularly from the West. Christianity had a struggle gaining a foothold in Korea during the nineteenth century, but ultimately became part of the Korean religious environment. Protestant Christianity, in particular, played a central role in the early cultural nationalist opposition to Japanese occupation (1910–1945). Ironically, parts of present-day North Korea had very large Protestant Christian populations prior to the establishment of the Communist regime in 1948. Currently, the official total Christian population of the country is over 12,000 faithful, though some Christian organizations outside North Korea estimate the real number to be much higher, with many Christians rumored to be worshipping in secret. Beginning in the 1940s, the North Korean regime began its suppression of Christians and has continued to do so up to the present, though the North Korean Constitution technically allows for freedom of religion. The Juche ideology was permanently enshrined in the 1972 North Korean Constitution as the country’s unitary ideology related to all fields of endeavor. Juche is often described by North Koreans as a creative application of MarxistLeninist principles adapted to the unique characteristics of Korea, and its creation is attributed to the founder of the North Korean state, Kim Il Sung. Kim Jong Il, Kim Il Sung’s son who inherited the leadership of North Korea after his father’s death in 1994, is the ideology’s authoritative theorist. The Juche ideology has both a foreign policy and domestic relevance. It can be argued, however, that the domestic application, particularly the ideology’s role in nurturing loyalty to the state and to Kim Jong Il, has become the dominant axis of use by the regime. The repression of Christianity inside North Korea is only a part of the picture. The quasi-religious characteristics of Juche, which is often referred to as civic or political religion, makes the persecution of a small Christian minority all the more intriguing. North Korea’s protracted economic difficulties have caused thousands of North Koreans to illegally cross the border into China and live in Korean communities. Since the 1990s, South Korean Protestant missionaries operating in the part of Manchuria where Koreans are the dominant ethnic group have assisted hundreds of North Koreans to travel through China and escape to third countries, usually in Southeast Asia, before defecting to South Korea. In the last decade, there have continued to be unsubstantiated reports of a Christian religious revival in North Korea, with rumors of Christianity spreading through the North Korean Armed Forces. This story, with its religious and political elements and implications intertwined, is still being written.
    Źródło:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2010, 24; 84-100
    1505-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wyzwania i kierunki aktywności administracji prezydenta Yoon Suk Yeola
    Challenges and directions of activity of president Yoon Suk Yeol’s administration
    Autorzy:
    Strnad, Grażyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154708.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    South Korea
    Yoon Suk Yeol
    domestic politics
    political
    paradigms
    foreign politics
    inter-Korean politics
    Opis:
    The purpose of the article is to describe the 2022 South Korean presidential election against the backdrop of a paradigm shift and to show the challenges and directions of Yoon Suk Yeol’s new administration. The author focuses on the research problems present in the new South Korean politics. Elements of change and continuity, which were also present in previous administrations are highlighted. In May 2022, Yoon Suk Yeol was sworn into the South Korea’s highest office. Yoon’s win in the presidential election ended a trend in which a decade of progressive rule was followed by a change to conservative rule. Since 1998, progressive and conservative presidents have alternated every two terms. The minimal difference in votes in favor of the conservative candidate reflected the divisions and social preferences of Koreans who favored a change from progressive to conservative government. The results of the 2022 presidential election revealed the polarization of South Korean society. Yoon will face a series of difficult challenges. In domestic politics, he must confront the housing crisis, widespread dissatisfaction with economic inequality, and generational tensions, among other issues. Yoon will also be challenged by the parliamentary majority currently held by the Democratic Party in the National Assembly. In foreign policy, South Korea’s new president advocates strengthening the alliance with the United States and cooperation with the Quad countries; he promises to improve relations with Japan, and to take steps toward South Korea playing a greater role in the world. In his inter-Korean policy, on the other hand, Yoon follows the traditional position of the conservatives, pledging to strengthen a policy of deterrence against acts of aggression and provocation by North Korea.
    Źródło:
    Azja-Pacyfik; 2022, XXV; 43-54
    1643-692X
    Pojawia się w:
    Azja-Pacyfik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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