Wszystkie pola: "Barbaricum" - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Inkrustowane miecze rzymskie z Barbaricum i obszarów przylimesowych Imperium Romanum. Wybrane zagadnienia
Inlaid Roman Swords from Barbaricum and Limes Territories Areas of Imperium Romanum. Chosen Problems
Autorzy:: Horbacz, Tadeusz J
Olędzki, Marek
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941947.pdf
Data publikacji:: 1992
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:: Authors discuss the group of swords of Roman origin the blade of which were inlaid with bronze, copper or brass with symbols understood exclusively in the context or religious and cultural changes of Imperium Romanum. The majority of these findings come from Barbaricum (Fig. 1). The set of motifs inlaid on blade is relatively poor and is limited to three groups of symbols (Fig. 6-8). The first one includes figural representations of Roman Gods connected with fighting, victory, purification and reversal of Evil (Mars, Victoria, Minerva). In the second group there are signa militaria in literal meaning (the eagle - the sign of the legion which is accompanied by emblems of smaller organizational units of the legion), the third group consists of images being the symbols of triumph (ornamenta/insignia/triumphalia): laurel wreath and palm of victory. The palmette of Piaski (Fig. 6, 6 b) being the stylized motif of the palm of victory and in such a shape as it is met on shields of Roman legionaries was included among the third group. The stylistics of inlaid works indicates on two lines of plastic solution of the symbol: realistic and schematic convention. In case of figural representation (Mars, Victoria) we face here "static" and "dynamic" canon of the presentation of the figure. The "static" canon is clearly related to realistic convention while the "dynamic" canon to the schematic one.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 1992, 17
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Wojowie i grody : słowiańskie Barbaricum
Autorzy:: Śledziński, Kacper (1975- ).
Data publikacji:: 2008
Wydawca:: Kraków : "Egis"
Tematy:: Słowianie Zachodni Europa do 11 w.
Opis:: Bibliogr.
Dostawca treści:: Bibliografia CBW

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Tytuł:: Casus Casuriusa. W kwestii napływu środkowogalijskich naczyń na obszar Barbaricum w okresie wojen markomańskich
Casus of Casurius. In terms of the inflow of Central Gaulish pottery into the Barbaricum territory in the period of the Marcomannic Wars
Autorzy:: Tyszler, Lubomira
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/682036.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2016
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:: Casurius
Lezoux
Lubié
terra sigillata
importy rzymskie
wojny markomańskie
przeworska kultura
szlak bursztynowy
Barbaricum
Roman imports
Marcomanic wars
Przeworsk Culture
Amber Route
Opis:: The study is devoted to Casarius, representing the Central Gaulish potters from the late period of Antonine reign, whose terra sigillata vessels were recorded to the north of the middle Danube. The period of his activity coincides with the Marcomannic Wars. The case of Casurius is used for considering the question of time and circumstances of penetration of his pottery in the Barbaricum territory in the conditions of the ongoing conflict between barbarians and Romans. Casarius’s activity is placed in the years 160–180 (Rogers 1999) or 160–195 (Stanfield, Simpson 1958) and falls on the reign of Marcus Aurelius, or even Clodius Albinus. Activity after year 180 can be discussed. Among researchers there is lack of full compliance with regard to the location of the workshop; Lezoux and Lubié are mentioned. It is to be supposed that Casarius worked mainly in Lezoux, from where did the majority of the known vessels come. At the same time the branch of his workshop in Lubié was confirmed (Bet Delage‘s researches). Casarius was producing the considerable set of relief (bowls typeDrag. 37) and plain pottery (type Drag. 33, Drag. 18/31, and other). Casarius’s goods were distributed in areas of the Danubian provinces, especially often recorded on limes (among others Aquincum, Albertfalva, Brigetio, Carnuntum, Vindobona, Regensburg-Kumpfmül), finding recipients among the civilian population living in civitates and vicii and among the Roman crews stationed in castra and castella. Especially important are the discoveries of Casurius’s pottery in castellum in Mušov in Moravia (171–180 or rather 172–180 years) forming part of the soldier dishware. Based on the collected materials, the trading and use of Casarius’s vessels can be proven in the Danubian area, for years 175, 180, before years 170/178, 175 and after 171/172. As the start date can be accepted the period about 160/170 (163/170), as the final date – about 180 (and longer).There are few and far known finds from areas of the south – west of Slovakia (1 specimen) and Moravia (2 specimens). In this situation the number 5–6 (?) of Casurius’s relief bowls type Drag. 37 in the Przeworsk Culture surprises. These vessels were distributed on the course of the Moravian – Kuyavian section of the Amber Route (Piwonice, Zapowiednia, Jacewo, Lachmirowice) and the southern section of the upper course of the Vistula (Opatów, Zagórzyce?). Particularly interesting is the burial of a woman (No. 12) from Lachmirowice, containing a bowl type E. 77, a small chest elements, belt elements and bronze fibula type A. 129, dating back to the phase B2/C1 (vel B2/C1–C1a) (Zielonka 1993; Godłowski 1994; Tyszler 1999; 2012). Fibulae A.129, constituting a leading form of the phase B2/C1 of the Przeworsk Culture, are found among others in Roman camps layers in Mušov and Iža (Godłowski 1981; 1994; Hüssen, Rajtar 1994; Tejral 1999; 2006). Aforementioned bowl of type E.77 along with several other specimens from this cemetery creates a large collection, having no analogy in the Przeworsk Culture (bronze vessels, see below). Casurus’s bowl from Lezoux, a chronologically sensitive piece of equipment, entitles us to circumscribe the absolute chronology of the burial (No. 12). Having regard to the production (160–180 years), especially the trade and use in the Danubian provinces (proved to 175 year, and before 170/178, 175) and in the occupied Moravia (Mušov, in years 171 or 172–180), the burial in question can be placed in the time interval from about 170 to about 180/190, or 180/200. Taking into account the period of use/ storage of vessel before submitting it to the grave is very important. The presence of Casurius’s vessels on the Amber Route (Moravia, Great Poland, Kuyavia) shows the activity in the thoroughfare during the reign of late Antonine dynasty, i.e. in the period of the Marcomannic Wars. At the same time Casarius’s vessels are also the evidence of direct or indirect links of the population using the graveyard in Šitbořice (about 20 km from the center of Suebi in Mušov, then in the period 171 or 172–180 Roman castellum) with the population using the graveyard in Lachmirowice in Kuyavia. Both cemeteries provide the full content of information on these relationships and chronology of contacts, covering the period of the Marcomannic Wars and time after their completion. Inventories of men (warriors) and women graves (phases B2/C1–C1a) from the graveyards in question are the evidence of high social and material status of mercantile elites (?) achieved by lucrative business contacts. The accumulation of imports (of bronze, ceramic) of southern provenance is characteristic especially for Lachmirowice. Cemeteries striking feature is the presence of a large number of bronze vessels from which especially types E. 27–28, E.40, E. 44–49, E. 77 and E. 160–161 belong to the characteristic range of equipment of the Germanic elite graves in the Central European Barbaricum areas form the middle Danube to Scandinavia (Tejral 1970; 2004; 2006). Their distribution began in the late phase of Antonine reign and the culmination moment occurred after the end of the wars. Casurius’s bowls uniqueness is associated with the period of their production, trade and use (about 160/170–180; wherein the period of use after 180 year should also be taken into account), attributable to the period of the Marcomannic Wars (166/167–180). The presence of Casarius’s terra sigilata bowls recorded on Moravian – Kuyavia section of the Amber Route shows the trade activity on this thoroughfare during aforementioned wars.At the same time, we can assume that the inflow of Casurius’s vessels took place in the late phase of the wars in question (about 171/172–180). It should be stressed that the region Kuyavia, remaining in the far northern hinterland of the direct Roman enemies, i.e. Marcomanni and Quadi, was not yet free from the changeable fate of the ongoing wars and the impact of Roman politics.
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Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2016, 31
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Uwagi o stanie i potrzebach badań nad uzbrojeniem na terenie Barbaricum w okresie wpływów rzymskich
Remarks on the Condition and Prospects o f Researches on Armament in the Territory of Barbaricum in Times of Roman Influence
Autorzy:: Kaczanowski, Piotr
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941843.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2001
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Opis:: Cultural transformations caused by the latenization at the beginning of early pre-Roman period brought fundamental changes in the quantity and character of archaeological sources from the territories of the European Barbaricum. Consequently, our cognitive possibilities as fаг as reconstruction of history of the territories of central and northern Europe is concerned significantly increased, in comparison to former chronological period of Iron Age. The above remarks also refer to armament. Finds from the younger pre-Roman period, grave material particularly, allowed to undertake broader studies on armament of tribes inhabiting the territories o f central and northern Europe.The finds of weapons are treated by archaeologists who deal with the late Laten and Roman issues mainly as sources enabling studies on chronology. Despite relatively high level of advancement of studies on typology and chronology of weapons from the younger pre-Roman period and the period of Roman influences it would be difficult to consider the state of researches as satisfactory. The problem of martial arts, in a broad sense of the word, of tribes inhabiting the European Barbaricum have not been subjected to detailed analyses so far. Few publications on this topic arc either of a very general character or just contributory and range of these studies does not reflect the importance of the issue. Most of the studies include numerous simplifications, not to say errors, mainly of methodological nature, particularly as far as chronology is concerned. Many of grave units less richly furnished and thus devoid of good date-makers are often mechanically assigned to wide chronological periods, whereas the inventories of fuller sets of weapons, richer and consequently better dated, are analysed within narrower phases or even sub-phases, which hardly corresponds to the life time of more than two generations. Despite the above described reservations we have a rich source base, allowing to make attempts to reconstruct armament and, at least partly, fighting techniques among the population inhabiting the European Barbaricum. The author of the paper describes a variety of military finds and conducts a thorough analysis of their location and origin. He deals with problems related to import of weapons from the territory of the Roman Empire in respective chronological periods and in various territories.
Źródło:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2001, 23 T.1
0208-6034
2449-8300
Pojawia się w:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 5.

Tytuł:: Wirujące tarcze. Nowe znalezisko peltakształtnego okucia z Dziekanowic jako przykład wymiany kulturowej między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Barbaricum
Whirling shields. A new find of pelta-shaped fitting from Dziekanowice as an example of cultural exchange between the Roman Empire and Barbaricum
Autorzy:: Przybylski, Aleksander
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/26917847.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2023
Wydawca:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy
Tematy:: okres wpływów rzymskich
legiony i auxilia
okucia pasów i uprzęży
badania powierzchniowe
wykrywacze metali
sztuka celtycka
rzymskie militaria w Barbaricum
amulety
jezioro Lednica
period of Roman influence
legions and auxilia
belt and harness fittings
surface surveys
metal detectors
Celtic art
Roman militaria in Barbaricum
amulets
Lednica Lake
Opis:: Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w ramach prospekcji terenów na wschodnim brzegu jeziora Lednica wykrywaczami metali realizowanej we współpracy z WGEH – „GNIAZDO” pozyskało setki zabytków metalowych o różnorodnej chronologii. Wśród nich znajduje się kilkadziesiąt artefaktów pochodzących z okresu wpływów rzymskich. Jednym z nich jest tytułowe peltakształtne okucie, które pochodziło z uprzęży końskiej lub pasa użytkowanego przez rzymskiego żołnierza. Forma aplikacji wykazuje związek z estetyką celtycką, pod której wpływem na przełomie II i III wieku n.e. kształtował się wygląd oporządzenia imperialnej armii. Artykuł jest próbą zrozumienia symboliki i funkcji tej szczególnej ozdoby w oparciu o licznie zebrane analogie. Przedstawia także możliwe scenariusze napływu tego rodzaju przedmiotów na tereny Barbaricum.
In the course of prospections of the shores of Lednica Lake with metal detectors carried out in cooperation with WGEH (Wielkopolska Exploratory – Historical Group) – “GNIAZDO”, the Museum of First Piasts has acquired hundreds of metal relics of various chronologies. Among them are also dozens of artefacts dating back to the period of Roman infl uence. One of them is the eponymous pelta-shaped fitting, which came from a horse harness or belt used by a Roman soldier. The form of the appliqué indicates a connection with Celtic aesthetics which infl uenced the look of the imperial army’s armament in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD. The articleis an attempt to understand the symbolism and function of this particular ornament based on the numerous analogies collected, and presents possible scenarios for the influx of this type of object into Barbaricum.
Źródło:: Studia Lednickie; 2023, XXII; 61-96
0860-7893
2353-7906
Pojawia się w:: Studia Lednickie
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Złote medaliony rzymskie w Barbaricum: symbolika prestiżu i władzy społeczeństw barbarzyńskich u schyłku starożytności
Autorzy:: Bursche, Aleksander
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623085.epub
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623085.mobi
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623085.pdf
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/books/1623085.zip
Data publikacji:: 1998
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Historyczny. Instytut Archeologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Teraźniejszość jako barbaricum. Strategia wyobcowania poznawczego i rola czasu historycznego w Star Trek
Autorzy:: Urbańczyk, Agnieszka
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/2080529.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2018
Wydawca:: Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta
Tematy:: wyobcowanie
czas historyczny
Star Trek
Źródło:: Ksenologie; 413-429
9788394888909
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Uwagi o stanie i potrzebach badań nad uzbrojeniem na terenie Barbaricum w okresie wpływów rzymskich
Autorzy:: Kaczanowski, Piotr.
Powiązania:: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica 2001, z. 23, s. 57-68
Data publikacji:: 2001
Tematy:: Uzbrojenie archeologia Europa Północna 2-3 w.
Opis:: Sum.
Dostawca treści:: Bibliografia CBW

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Skocz do pozycji: 9.

Tytuł:: O nożach ze skuwkami w kulturze przeworskiej
Knives with ferrules in the Przeworsk Culture
Autorzy:: Rakowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28328209.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2022
Wydawca:: Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:: Barbaricum
kultura przeworska
noże
noże ze skuwkami
Przeworsk Culture
knives
knives with ferrules
Opis:: Noże jako kategoria zabytków, rzadko były przedmiotem osobnych opracowań. Podejmowano próby ich kategoryzacji i typologizacji, ale masowość ich występowania i relatywne podobieństwo odkrywanych form uniemożliwiały całościowe ujęcie dla poszczególnych kultur archeologicznych. Podobnie jest w przypadku kultury przeworskiej, gdzie ilość zabytków wykonanych z żelaza, jest ogromna w porównaniu do wielu innych kultur europejskiego Barbaricum. Przed właściwym omówieniem zagadnienia warto uściślić terminologię, bowiem poszczególne części noży bywały w publikacjach nazywane rozmaicie, co z pewnością wywołuje pewne nieporozumienia. W oparciu o własną wiedzę i wybrane źródła, proponuję uściślenie nazewnictwa (ryc. 1 i 2). Jedną z kategorii noży w kulturze przeworskiej są egzemplarze, których rękojeści [ang. handle] wzmacniane były wykonywanymi z taśmy żelaznej skuwkami [ang. ferrules], datowane na młodszy okres przedrzymski i początki wczesnej fazy okresu wpływów rzymskich. Odróżnić można je od noży z pseudoskuwkami, czyli okuciami nie mającymi wewnętrznego światła, ale ściśle przylegającymi do trzpienia rękojeści, będącymi raczej rodzajem tarczki oporowej rękojeści [ang. bolster] (ryc. 4). Ta kategoria noży wymaga osobnego skatalogowania i omówienia. Skuwki wzmacniające przód rękojeści noży miały kształt owalny lub migdałowaty; inne kształty należą do rzadkości. Zrobione są z cienkiej, wąskiej taśmy żelaznej, zaś nity rękojeści położone dalej od głowni są szersze niż te skuwki, co wskazuje na celowe profilowanie kształtu rękojeści. Noże o tej konstrukcji w kulturze przeworskiej mają różną długość głowni [ang. blade], od bardzo długich (ponad 20 cm), do krótkich (10 cm i mniej). Znajdowane są zarówno w grobach mężczyzn jak i kobiet, częściej jednak w tych pierwszych. Datowane są od fazy A2 (ryc. 5), poprzez przełom fazy A2 i A3 (ryc. 6), fazę A3 (ryc. 7 i 8), fazę A3/B1 (ryc. 9 i 10) do początku fazy B1 (ryc. 11). Najczęściej spotykane są w fazach A3 i A3/B1, a więc w drugiej połowie I w. przed Chr. oraz początkowi I w. po Chr. Znajdowane są zarówno w grobach mężczyzn jak i kobiet, ale częściej w tych pierwszych (tab. 1). Długość głowni noży nie ma znaczenia chronologicznego ani terytorialnego (tab. 1, mapa 2). Wyróżnić można dwa wyraźne skupiska tych zabytków. Pierwsze, zachodnie, obejmuje obszar południowej Wielkopolski i Dolnego Śląska, drugie zaś, wschodnie znajduje się na Mazowszu (ryc. 14). Ze względu na relatywnie dużą liczbę (skatalogowano trzydzieści siedem egzemplarzy) uznać należy je za formy charakterystyczne dla wczesnych faz kultury przeworskiej, gdzie też upatrywać należy ich genezy. Największa liczba (siedem egzemplarzy) znana jest z cmentarzyska w Oblinie, pow. garwoliński, gdzie datowane są na wszystkie fazy chronologiczne ich występowania, tj. od fazy A2 do B1. Z tego powodu dla omawianych form noży proponuję nazwę typ Oblin. Duża precyzja ich wykonania (dotyczy to znanych mi z autopsji egzemplarzy ze zbiorów Państwowego Muzeum Archeologicznego w Warszawie), obecność otworów i nitów [ang. rivets] w trzpieniach [ang. tangs] rękojeści, wskazują na funkcjonowanie w I w. przed Chr. i w samym początku I w. po Chr. wyspecjalizowanych warsztatów potrafiących wykonywać dość skomplikowane projekty. Zanik noży omawianej konstrukcji zbiega się z końcem wytwarzania ceramiki toczonej na kole w tym okresie kultury przeworskiej. Oba te krańcowe zjawiska wiązać można z załamaniem rynków handlowych wynikającym z upadku szeroko rozumianej Celtyki i brakiem miejsca na obszarach na północ od Karpat dla funkcjonowania wyspecjalizowanych warsztatów rzemieślniczych.
Knives as an artefact category have rarely been the subject of dedicated studies. There have been attempts at their categorisation and typology, but the large scale of their occurrence and relative similarity of forms discovered did not allow a comprehensive approach for the individual archaeological cultures. The same difficulty applies to the Przeworsk Culture, which yielded an enormous number of iron objects, and not just in comparison with other cultures of European Barbaricum. Before the main discussion of the issue at hand, it is worth it to clarify the terminology, as the individual knife parts have been referred to by different terms in various publications, which is surely the cause of some confusion (Fig. 1, 2). One of the knife categories in the Przeworsk Culture consists of specimens with handles reinforced with ferrules made from an iron strip, dated to the Late Pre-Roman Period and the early phase of the Roman Period. They can be distinguished from knives with pseudo-ferrules, that is fittings without an inner opening but tightly attached to the tang, which were a kind of a bolster for the handle (Fig. 4). This knife category still needs to be catalogued and discussed separately. Ferrules reinforcing the front of the knife handle are oval or almond-shaped; other shapes are rare. They are made from a thin, narrow, iron strip. Handle rivets further from the blade are wider than the ferrules, which indicates deliberate moulding of the handle shape. Przeworsk Culture knives of such a design have blades of varying lengths, from very long (over 20 cm) to short (10 cm and fewer). They are found in both male and female graves, although they are more common in the former (Fig. 14). They are dated from phase A2 (Fig. 5) through the transition between phase A2 and A3 (Fig. 3) and phase A3 (Figs. 7, 8) to the end of phase A3/beginning of phase B1 (Fig. 9, 10) and early phase B1 (Fig. 11), being the most common in phase A3–A3/B1, that is in the second half of the 1st century BCE and the beginning of the 1st century CE. The length of the blade has neither chronological nor territorial significance (Table 1, Fig. 17). Two distinct concentrations of the artefacts in question can be distinguished. The western one covers the area of southern Greater Poland and Lower Silesia, the eastern one is located in Mazovia (Fig. 14). Due to their relatively substantial number (37 specimens have been catalogued), they should be considered forms characteristic of the early phases of the Przeworsk Culture, where they probably also originated. The largest number (seven specimens) is known from the Oblin cemetery, Garwolin County, where they are dated to all the chronological phases of their occurrence, i.e., from phase A2 to phase B1. For this reason, I propose to designate the knife form under discussion as type Oblin. The great precision of workmanship (this applies to the specimens from the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw I examined personally), the presence of openings and rivets in the handle tangs indicate that highly specialised workshops capable of creating fairly complicated designs operated in the 1st century BCE and the very beginning of the 1st century CE. Those specialised knife-making workshops vanished around the turn of the era. This coincides with the disappearance of workshops manufacturing wheel-thrown pottery near Cracow, which, according to Tomasz Bochnak, was due to the fall of the so-called Celtic circle – the collapse of markets and travel routes. As a result, the conditions for the functioning of highly specialised workshops would also cease to exist. Perhaps the abandonment of manufacture of fairly complicated – and likely relatively more expensive – knives is another manifestation of the then economic destabilisation within the entire area of the Przeworsk Culture.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2022, LXXIII, 73; 73-107
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Miecz obosieczny z okolic Bydgoszczy. Krótki przyczynek do badań nad uzbrojeniem w okresie przedrzymskim
Autorzy:: Kaczmarek, Łukasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631393.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:: DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD
EARLIER PRE-ROMAN PERIOD
WARRIORS
CELTS
BARBARICUM
CONTACTS
OKSYWIE CULTURE
PRZEWORSK CULTURE
Opis:: The analysed sword, discovered in one of the lakes in the environs of Bydgoszcz, found now in the collection of MPPP in Gniezno, is to associated with the earlier pre-Roman period. It may be classified as type II two-edged sword from the aforesaid period, after typology suggested by P. Łuczkiewicz. His chronology, following typological analysis and analogous finds in the areas of the Oksywie and the Przeworsk culture should be estimated as phase A2 – A3. The most proximate analogy comes from the area of Cuiavia, where, in similar conditions, a sword was discovered in Inowrocław-Mątwy (recovered from the Noteć river). A singular feature of the sword is the armourer’s mark which permits to ascribe it to a Celtic workshop. The sword from Bydgoszcz was probably made in a local workshop, in imitation of the Celtic swords. The occurrence of two-edged swords on the areas inhabited by Celts has a mass character, which is probably why swords of this type in the lands of Poland need to be associated with their temporary presence in Silesia and in Małopolska, or with the strong influence of the Latenian culture streaming from the south of Europe. A double-edged was a basic weapon, and of huge significance, which corresponded with the Celtic model of armament. Its co-occurrence with a weapon of a different kind reflected various groups of warriors, perhaps it existed not only as a weapon but also as a manifestation of a certain social status. The analysed sword supplements the group of finds of the type for earlier pre-Roman period, and may attest to a contact of societies inhabiting the basin of the Oder and the Vistula with Celts, also with regard to other areas of life.
Źródło:: Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2012, 5; 157-164
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:: Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 11.

Tytuł:: Cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej z Grzebska na północnym Mazowszu
Cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture at Grzebsk, Northern Mazovia
Autorzy:: Andrzejowski, Jacek
Rakowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551161.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-01-28
Wydawca:: Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:: Barbaricum
okres wpływów rzymskich
kultura przeworska
cmentarzyska
archeologia archiwalna
Roman Period
Przeworsk Culture
cemeteries
archival archaeology
Opis:: In June 1927, two artefacts – an iron shield boss and a fragment of a small clay bowl – were donated to the National Museum in Warsaw; both were found under unknown circumstances at Grzebsk, Mława County. The shield boss can now be found in the collection of the Polish Army Museum, where it was moved as a deposit of the National Museum before 1939, while the bowl appeared – quite unexpectedly – in the pottery storage of the Iron Age Department of the State Archaeological Museum (PMA) in Warsaw, where it was ‘discovered’ in 1988. It is not quite clear how it found its way to the PMA; what is known is that this must have happened no later than in 1980. According to notes on the catalogue cards of both artefacts, drawn up still in the National Museum, they were found in a grave “covered with a flat stone, with smaller stones around it”, together with “a clay idol, which crumbled after unearthing, an iron sword, and a couple of spurs”. The grave marks an otherwise unknown cemetery of the Przeworsk Culture. We do not have any details about its location other than it was (is?) probably situated on the grounds of the former estate in the village of Grzebsk. The catalogue cards and inventory book of the National Museum list the artefacts as donated by Damian Gniazdowski, however, a different name – Wacław Gniazdowski – can be found in the delivery book of the Museum. The latter is true, as we know that Damian took possession of the Grzebsk estate no earlier than in 1889 and no later than in 1892, then sold the manor farm in 1902 or 1903, and moved with his family to Łępice, Pułtusk County, where he died in January 1922. The grave would have been discovered between 1889/1892 and 1902/1903, thus Damian’s son Wacław, born in 1894, must have recounted the description of the grave that he heard from his father. The small bowl from Grzebsk (Fig. 1) is typical of Przeworsk Culture pottery from the Early Roman Period and corresponds to type VI/1 in the classic typology by Teresa Liana; its unpreserved base could have been convex or concave, possibly – although this would have been completely unique – flat. Similar bowls are common at cemeteries in northern and eastern Mazovia, for example, Niedanowo 2, Nidzica County, Modła 2, Mława County, or Kamieńczyk 2, Wyszków County. Their chronology at the three cemeteries falls within the horizon of phase B1 and the older stage of phase B2. The characteristic star-like ornament on the body connects the bowl from Grzebsk with a group of vessels considered – with reservations – as more or less distant imitations of ribbed Roman glass bowls. Our specimen can be regarded – after Morten Hegewisch – as a “creative plagiarism”. The shield boss (Fig. 2:a.b) belongs to conical forms corresponding to interregional types Bohnsack 8, Jahn 5, and Zieling I1a, typical of the end of the Late Pre-Roman Period and the beginning of the Roman Period. Its surface, especially on the flange, is heavily corroded. Nevertheless, there are visible remains of so-called fire patina, attesting that the object was at some point on a funeral pyre. Only one rivet with a slightly convex, circular head has been preserved, however, rivet holes indicate that the boss was originally attached to a shield with twelve regularly spaced rivets (Fig. 2:c). Such a large number of rivets indicates that the boss should be counted among the older conical forms of Late Pre-Roman shield bosses of the Przeworsk Culture corresponding to type Bochnak 15 and dated to phases A3 and A3/B1, i.e. the end of the 1st century BC and very beginning of the 1st century AD. This fits with dating of other north-Mazovian graves with shield bosses type Bochnak 15, e.g. from Lemany, Pułtusk County, Legionowo, Legionowo County, and possibly also from Niedanowo 1, Nidzica County and Łysa Góra at Gródki, Działdowo County. The small iron nail stuck in the head of the preserved rivet is an interesting element (Fig. 3). Similar to the rest of the artefact, it is covered with fire patina, which indicates its original, ancient provenance. It may indicate an unusual manner of repairing the shield, probably following damage it sustained in a fight. Such a solution, consisting of hammering in another rivet, or a nail as it may be, instead of replacing the damaged rivet, may indicated the ad hoc nature of the repair or lack of access to a specialised workshop. The location of the cemetery remains unknown. It was certainly situated within Damian Gniazdowski’s estate. It is probably what a primary school teacher from Grzebsk referred to in 1926 as a “pagan cemetery” on the grounds of the manor farm, already in the possession of the Rudowski family, where “pots with ashes” were being unearthed. It may be the site registered during field walking in 1998 within the limits of a large gravel pit in the northern part of the village of Grzebsk (Fig. 4, 5). Potsherds and damaged graves in the walls of the gravel pit were discovered there – the site was identified as a Przeworsk Culture cemetery from the “Roman Period”. During verification of the site in 2018, traces of graves in the gravel pit could no longer be observed, however, fragments of characteristic sepulchral pottery of the Przeworsk Culture from the Early Roman Period were found in the gravel pit itself and its immediate vicinity. More information about this site can only be obtained through archaeological excavations. However, we will probably never know whether the cemetery that yielded the artefacts described here and the cemetery discovered in 1998 are one and the same.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXX, 70; 211-218
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 12.

Tytuł:: Nowe materiały z okresu wpływów rzymskich z Osówki, pow. lubelski
New Finds from the Roman Period from Osówka, Lublin County
Autorzy:: Kuzioła, Aneta
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048925.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020-12-31
Wydawca:: Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:: Barbaricum
cmentarzyska
kultura przeworska
kultura wielbarska
zapinki
importy rzymskie
cemeteries
Przeworsk Culture
Wielbark Culture
brooches
Roman imports
Opis:: Until now, Osówka (Fig. 1) has been known from the scant mention by Stefan Nosek who described an accidentally discovered grave of the Przeworsk Culture. In 1994, attempts were made to localise the site, but they proved unsuccessful. The breakthrough came in 2008 thanks to three bronze brooches that were handed over to Ass. Prof. Piotr Łuczkiewicz from the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. In the same year, a local site inspection was carried out to further verify the find. During exploration of the site, several fragments of pottery were found, including possibly shards of Przeworsk Culture vessels. The brooches from Osówka were typologically identified as a late form of the Almgren 41 type, an Almgren 96 type, and a provincial Roman knee brooch of the Almgren 247 type. Almgren 41 brooches are widespread in Wielbark Culture areas and much less common in Przeworsk Culture areas. Such brooches are traditionally dated to the late stage of phase B2 and above all to phases B2/C1 or B2/C1–C1a. Based on size, the Osówka copy (Fig. 2:a) was determined as type X1 according to the classification proposed by Jan Schuster. This is an interregional form mostly found in female burials. Almgren 96 brooches (Fig. 2:b) are typical of the Wielbark Culture, however, in much smaller numbers they also appear in the Przeworsk Culture area. The type is the guiding form of the B2/C1 phase. The third brooch (Fig. 2:c), having a semi-circular head plate ornamented with a so-called wolf teeth pattern should be assigned to type 13D after Werner Jobst or to variant 3.12.1 according to the classification by Emilie Riha. These types of brooches are characteristic of the Danube and Rhine provinces of the Roman Empire where were in use mostly in the 2nd and 3rd century CE. Osówka brooches confirm that that the site was a Roman Period cemetery. The grave published by Stefan Nosek proves that in phase B2 it was used by a local Przeworsk community. Three brooches found in 2008 are evidence that the cemetery remained in use in phase B2/C1. However, it is very difficult to determine its cultural affiliation in this phase. In eastern Poland (i.e. right-bank Mazovia, Podlachia, and the Lublin Region) at the turn of the early and late Roman Period, the current Przeworsk settlement was gradually replaced by the Wielbark settlement.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 384-388
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 13.

Tytuł:: Zapinki bałtyjskie z Janowca nad Wisłą
Balt Brooches from Janowiec on the Vistula River
Autorzy:: Kuś, Grzegorz
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048971.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2021-12-20
Wydawca:: Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
Tematy:: wczesne średniowiecze
Barbaricum
okres wędrówek ludów
badania powierzchniowe
zapinka szczeblowa
zapinka typu Dollkeim/Kovrovo
Migration Period
early Middle Ages
rung brooch
brooch type Dollkeim/Kovrovo
Opis:: Zaprezentowane materiały zostały znalezione na stanowisku nr 3 (AZP 76-74/47) w miejscowości Janowiec (dawniej Janowiec nad Wisłą), gm. loco, pow. puławski. Stanowisko jest położone na piaszczystej terasie zamykającej od zachodu dolinę Wisły. W pobliżu stanowiska przepływa niewielki ciek wodny nazywany lokalnie „Nieciecz” oraz rzeka Plewka znajdującą swe ujście do Wisły powyżej Janowca. Obecne koryto Wisły jest oddalone o ok. 2 km od stanowiska (ryc. 1). Stanowisko zostało odkryte w roku 1981 podczas badań powierzchniowych, prowadzonych w ramach Archeologicznego Zdjęcia Polski. Od roku 2016 prowadzone są tu regularne badania powierzchniowe i wykopaliskowe, którymi kieruje Grzegorz Kuś. Pracami wykopaliskowymi objęto dotychczas obszar o powierzchni zaledwie 1,8 ara, a szczegółową prospekcją powierzchniową objęto obszar ok. 3 ha. Pozyskano przy tym materiały, które można datować na okres wpływów rzymskich, wczesne średniowiecze oraz liczne znaleziska nowożytne. Podczas prospekcji powierzchniowej pozyskano również dwa omawiane przedmioty, które można datować na okres wędrówek ludów. Pierwszym znaleziskiem jest wykonany ze stopu miedzi fragment fibuli z pełną pochewką, o kuszowatej konstrukcji (ryc. 2: a, b). Fibulę można zaliczyć do wydzielonego przez A. Bitner-Wróblewską typu Dollkeim/Kovrovo. Zapinki tego typu wiązane są głównie z kręgiem zachodniobałtyjskim, gdzie występują najliczniej. Znane są również z Pomorza, Bornholmu, Olandii, Gotlandii oraz obszarów fińskich. Jeden egzemplarz został również znaleziony w miejscowości Tomasze pow. ostrołęcki oraz w bliżej nieokreślonej miejscowości w dorzeczu Dniepru. W kręgu zachodniobałtyjskim zapinki typu Dollkeim/Kovrovo datowane są na młodsze odcinki fazy D i początki fazy E okresu wędrówek ludów. Drugim znaleziskiem z Janowca jest wykonany ze stopu miedzi fragment sprężyny zapinki szczeblowej o konstrukcji „pseudokuszowatej” (ryc.2: c, d). Zapinki tego typu znane są niemal wyłącznie z obszarów bałtyjskich, gdzie są datowane na rozwinięte odcinki fazy E okresu wędrówek ludów. Znalezisk z Janowca, można chyba traktować jako ślady krótkotrwałego pobytu, czy raczej postoju, w trakcie wyprawy niewielkich grup Estiów szlakiem wzdłuż Wisły. Nie można jednak wykluczyć, że wzdłuż takiego szklaku funkcjonowała sieć bardzo rozproszonego osadnictwa, a miejscowa ludność była zaangażowana w organizację dalekosiężnej wymiany. W wyjaśnieniu tej kwestii mogą jednak pomóc tylko kolejne odkrycia.
The artefacts presented were found at site no. 3 (AZP 76-75/47) in Janowiec in the commune of Janowiec, Puławy County, located on a sandy terrace closing the Vistula River valley from the north-west. At the foot of the terrace, below the site, flows a small watercourse, which the locals call “Nieciecz”; it feeds the Plewka River, which has its confluence with the Vistula above Janowiec. The current bed of the Vistula River is about 2 km from the site (Fig. 1). The site, which can be described as a multicultural settlement, was discovered in 1981 during a surface survey conducted as part of the Archaeological Record of Poland; since 2016, fieldwalking and excavations have been regularly carried out at the site. Apart from isolated sherds of Trzciniec Culture pottery, the site also yielded Przeworsk Culture material, the oldest of which can be dated to phase A3, and the most numerous can be attributed to phases B2 and B2/C1–C1a. The youngest settlement horizon of the Przeworsk Culture is marked by a brooch of Almgren type 158, which can be classified as the Jakuszowice variant (according to I. Jakubczyk 2014), and a belt buckle similar to type H12 in the classification of R. Madyda-Legutko (1987). Fragments of the two brooches of Balt provenance, discussed in the article, can be dated to the later sections of the Early Migration Period and to the Late Migration Period. The beginning of early Slavic settlement is marked by fragments of bracelets with trumpet-shaped, ornamented terminals, which, with some reservations, can be dated to the 7th–8th century, as well as by late Avar belt fittings, dated to the 8th/9th century. The youngest early medieval artefacts can be dated to the 12th–13th century. During the excavations, modern period material was also recovered. The first of the finds discussed here is a copper-alloy fragment of a fibula with solid catchplate (Fig. 2:a.b). The fibula belongs to the Dollkeim/Kovrovo type, distinguished by A. Bitner-Wróblewska. Brooches of this type are mainly associated with the West Balt circle, where they are the most numerous. They are also known from Pomerania, Bornholm, Öland, Gotland and Finnish areas. One specimen was also found in Tomasze, Ostrołeka County, and in an unspecified locality in the Dnieper River basin. In the West Balt circle, Dollkeim/Kovrovo-type brooches are dated to the later stages of phase D and the beginning of phase E of the Migration period. The second find from Janowiec is a copper-alloy fragment of a spring from a rung brooch of a “pseudo-crossbow” construction (Fig. 2:c.d). Brooches of this type are found almost exclusively in the Balt areas, where they mark the developed stages of phase E of the Migration period. The finds from Janowiec can probably be regarded as signs of movement of small groups of West Balt people along the Vistula River.
Źródło:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2021, LXXII, 72; 194-199
0043-5082
Pojawia się w:: Wiadomości Archeologiczne
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki