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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Marketing costs and price spread for selected fruit crops in Haryana state: a stydy of selected districts
    Koszty sprzedaży i rozpiętość cenowa wybranych upraw owoców w stanie Haryana: analiza wybranych dystryktów
    Autorzy:
    Rani, Sumista
    Lal, Choote
    Kait, Rohtas
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2165512.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Bialska Nauk Stosowanych im. Jana Pawła II w Białej Podlaskiej
    Tematy:
    fruit grower
    intermediaries
    fruit crops
    marketing channels
    Opis:
    Subject and purpose of work: The study aims to analyse the existing marketing system along with marketing channels, costs, margins, and marketing efficiency. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the districts of Sirsa, Sonipat and Yamuna Nagar in Haryana during the year 2020–21. The study was based on primary data collected from a field survey with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire. A simple tabulated method, price spread, and market efficiency analyses were employed. Results: The study revealed that the producer share in terms of consumer rupees is the highest in Channel VI, followed by Channels IV, V and II. Channel VI is the most efficient channel due to the absence of intermediaries. Channel I is the least efficient due to the greatest number of intermediaries present in this channel. Conclusions: The study has suggested that the government should regulate the fruit trade so that the involvement of mediators in the fruit market may be reduced. Cold storage should be provided at a reasonable price. The government should provide transportation facilities (refrigerated lorries) for fruit products at a reasonable cost.
    Źródło:
    Economic and Regional Studies; 2022, 15, 4; 533-547
    2083-3725
    2451-182X
    Pojawia się w:
    Economic and Regional Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Alternatywne koszty ustanowienia rezerwatów przyrody w lasach na przykładzie wybranych nadleśnictw województwa mazowieckiego
    Opportunity costs of establishing nature reserves in selected forest districts of the Mazowieckie Province
    Autorzy:
    Kaliszewski, A.
    Młynarski, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1315962.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    woj.mazowieckie
    ochrona przyrody
    nadlesnictwa
    Nadlesnictwo Celestynow
    Nadlesnictwo Plonsk
    Nadlesnictwo Zwolen
    Nadlesnictwo Grojec
    rezerwaty przyrody
    ustanowienie rezerwatu
    koszty straconych korzysci
    utrata miejsc pracy
    zmniejszenie przychodow
    biodiversity conservation
    public forests
    local labour market
    tax concessions
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of research on the opportunity costs related to establishing nature reserves in four randomly-selected forest districts located in the Mazowieckie Province: Celestynów, Grójec, P³oñsk and Zwoleń. Our analysis included calculation of profits forgone by forest districts due to the cessation of timber harvesting in nature reserves and an estimation of work places lost as a result of introduction of new limitations, as well as the expenses incurred by municipalities related to their establishment of forest tax concessions in nature reserves. The establishment of nature reserves incurred losses related to timber harvest of about 246 thousand m3 during the period of 10 years, which is equivalent to between 4.1% and 19.8% of the planned timber harvest stated in the forest management plans of the studied forest districts. Total opportunity costs were equal to 25.5-27.2 million PLN during these 10 years or 1502-1605 PLN/ha of nature reserve annually. Annual opportunity costs calculated per unit of forest area were equal to 56-60 PLN/ha. The estimated loss in work places was 98.8 working days annually per 1000 ha of forest area in forest districts. Total expenses incurred by municipalities related to establishment of forest tax concessions in nature reserves reached about 18.1 thousand PLN in 2011. The research results show that the economic and social costs of nature protection activities are concentrated in their places of their origin. Those costs are felt the most by the owners of the affected forests and local communities. We recommend that possibilities are explored for the introduction of instruments to allow the mitigation of negative effects resulting from restrictions in forest use. Restructuring of forest and nature protection policy, to take into account the interests of all stakeholders would provide an improved model for the use of these forests.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2014, 75, 1; 89-99
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ocena korytarzowej metody uprawy dębu (Quercus sp.) na przykładzie obiektów badawczych w nadleśnictwach Mircze i Kościan
    Evaluation of the corridor method for oak (Quercus sp.) cultivation using research objects in the Mircze and Koscian Forest Districts as an example
    Autorzy:
    Paluch, R.
    Gil, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1292277.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    drzewa lesne
    dab
    Quercus
    uprawa korytarzowa
    ocena hodowlana
    hodowla lasu
    odnowienia lasu
    Nadlesnictwo Mircze
    Nadlesnictwo Koscian
    oak
    corridor method
    oak cultivation
    forest regeneration
    stand tending
    Opis:
    The corridor method of oak (Quercus sp) cultivation is an old, forgotten silvicultural method. It was developed around the turn of the 19th and 20th century on the south-eastern borders of Poland (Podole, Wołyń) and Russia and made use of other species such as hornbeam, linden and birch as a cover for oak, which is a tree species sensitive to frosts. The nowadays recurring phenomenon of oak disease initiated a search for silvicultural alternatives and thus the usefulness of reviving the corridor method for oak regeneration was investigated by examining existing tree stands established in this way. Our research plots were located in five young stands and two in mature as well as old stands. In the stands of the 2nd and 3rd age classes, the density of oaks was observed to be 1500 - 3500 /ha, which accounted for 30-50%. The density of oak in old stands (7th age class) was similar to model-predicted values. Furthermore, the corridor method gave very good production results as exemplified by the oak stands growing on the fresh broadleaved site, which had a very high stand quality index. In addition, the species composition was observed to diversify throughout these oak stands’ development, thus supporting arguments for the conservation and preservation of oak-hornbeam forests. To summarise, the prerequisites for the success of the corridor method are systematic cuts of young stands (forest cultures and thickets) to inhibit the growth of accompanying undesired species and limiting the number of grazing animals.
    Źródło:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2018, 79, 1
    1732-9442
    2082-8926
    Pojawia się w:
    Leśne Prace Badawcze
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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