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Tytuł:
Belebtheitseffekte und Subjekterstpräferenz beim Lesen der topikalisierten und gescrambelten V2-Sätze durch polnische Lerner des Deutschen
Autorzy:
Sękowska, Jolanta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/605821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
syntax
word-order
Opis:
The article considers whether the L2-learners use the analogical mechanisms for transforming the syntax as the native users of the language in question. In the questionnaire survey the stability of the preference to interpret the first nominal phrase observed in transforming L1 to be the subject of a sentence, and its influence on non-structural factors, such as animacy have been analysed. It has been shown that L2-learners, similar to the native users of the language in question, prefer the subject-object word order, and that the general preference should not be covered by the semantic information.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2010, 34; 130-142
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zu den Termini ‚unmarkierte Abfolge‘, ‚normale Wortstellung‘ und ‚Grundfolge‘ – ein Überblick über zentrale Positionen in der germanistischen Forschung
On the usage of the terms ‘unmarked order’, ‘normal order’ and ‘base order’ – an overview of central positions in German linguistics
Autorzy:
Gaweł, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1592425.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:
unmarkierte Abfolge
normale Wortstellung
Grundfolge
neutrale Wortfolge
unmarked order
normal order
base order
German word order
szyk nienacechowany
szyk neutralny
szyk podstawowy
Opis:
Die Frage nach der Existenz einer unmarkierten Abfolge und Kriterien ihrer Abgrenzung von anderen Linearisierungsvarianten gehört zu zentralen Problemen der Wortstellungsforschung. Im Beitrag wird das Ziel verfolgt, die bisherigen germanistischen Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit der Markiertheitstheorie in der Wortstellungsforschung zu systematisieren. Dabei fällt das Schwergewicht auf die Abgrenzung und Charakteristik der folgenden Grundpositionen zur unmarkierten Abfolge: der pragmatischen, lexikalischen und strukturellen Zugänge, der Interaktionsmodelle, in denen die Konzepte der markierten und unmarkierten Abfolge abgelehnt werden bzw. wesentlichen Modifikationen unterliegen, sowie der Ansätze, in denen die Erkenntnisse verschiedener Grundpositionen miteinander verknüpft werden.
Kwestia istnienia szyku neutralnego i kryteriów jego wyodrębnienia należy do najistotniejszych do dziś nie rozstrzygniętych problemów opisu składniowego. W artykule podjęto próbę systematyzacji dotychczasowych badań germanistycznych dotyczących wspomnianego zagadnienia. W toku analizy wyodrębniono następujące stanowiska, charakterystyczne dla różnych koncepcji językoznawczych: pragmatyczne, strukturalne i leksykalne ujęcie szyku neutralnego, krytykę oraz modyfikacje opisu szyku nacechowanego i nienacechowanego w modelach interakcyjnych, jak również próbę syntezy różnych stanowisk, przedstawianych w literaturze przedmiotu, ze strony wybranych badaczy językoznawstwa germańskiego.
The question about the existence of an unmarked order and criteria for its distinguishing belongs to the most controversial issues in syntactic description. In this paper, we present an overview of previous research devoted to the potential implementation of markedness theory in word order analysis. We claim that the variety of accounts to the unmarked order in German can be divided into five groups with their unique characteristics: the pragmatic, structural and lexical accounts of the unmarked order, the rejection and modification of the concepts of unmarked order and markedness in models based on interaction between conflicting constraints and – finally – accounts providing a synthesis of proposals found in the linguistic literature.
Źródło:
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia; 2019, 28; 169-187
2450-8543
2353-317X
Pojawia się w:
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Einige Beobachtungen zur Stellung der Verben im Verbalkomplex im Nebensatz im Deutschen und im Niederländischen
Autorzy:
Jarosińska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/571992.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Neofilologii
Tematy:
verb phrases
word order
Opis:
Przedmiotem artykułu są wybrane aspekty tworzenia grup czasownikowych w zdaniu podrzędnym w dwóch pokrewnych językach – niemieckim i niderlandzkim. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na podobieństwa i różnice występujące w obu językach w odniesieniu do problemu szyku czasowników w grupach czasownikowych.
The article presents selected aspects of verb phrases in the subordinate clause in two related languages – German and Dutch. It discusses both the similarities and differences in the two languages with respect to word order in verb phrases.
Źródło:
Acta Philologica; 2015, 46; 46-50
0065-1524
Pojawia się w:
Acta Philologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Einstellung der bevölkerung Preussens zur herrschaft der Ordensritter
Attitude of the population of Prussia to the reign of the Teutonic Knights
Autorzy:
Ekdahl, Sven
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
Zakon krzyżacki
Grunwald
Prusy
Teutonic Order
Prussia
Opis:
The history of the Lizard Union proves existance of strong opposition against the rule of the Teutonic Knights even before its defeat at the battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). That hostile attitude was clearly expressed when several banners of Chełmno Lands (banner – unit of the cavalry) left the battlefield on July 15, 1410 by the end of the battle. Moreover, a country knights took over the town and castle of Ostróda for the Polish king to help him to march to Marienburg. Other knights, among them Nicolaus of Renis (Mikołaj z Ryńska), planned to take the Marienburg in a similar manner. In this context it has to be pointed out that the country's nobility of Chełmno Lands was not required to fight outside its borders for the Order after the privilege for Chełmno of 1233. Participation in military campaigns beyond the Vistula River and its tributaries Drewenz and Ossa was performed voluntarily and those who were taking part received from the Order payment and compensation for all incurred losses. The following campaigns can be set as an examples: Samaiten 1402, Gotland 1404 and Dobrzyń 1409. At the end of 1410 a cash payment of 4,000 marks was made on the orders of the Grand Master for Chełmno Lands. The sum, which was the equivalent of about 300 war horses, was not completely used what deeply disappointed the knights who valued higher their losses. An open question remains concerning to what extent that special arrangement for the Chełmno Lands had impact on the behavior of parts of their chivalry in the battle of Grunwald. Similar agreements were also held with the knights in Warmia and in the New March (Neumark); they could also be used for military service outside their borders only voluntary under the above enumerated conditions. This became a problem for the Teutonic Order and often led to annoyance particularly with the nobles in the New March. The four bishops of Pomesania, Warmia, Chełmno Lands and Kulm paid homage to the Polish king after the battle of Grunwald, as did the abbess of St. Bridget in Gdańsk who wrote a request for assistance to Władysław Jagiello slightly after the Polish-Lithuanian victory. Her wishes were promptly answered in the affirmative manner on 6th August. The case of Bishop Heinrich Vogelsang of Warmia is of particular interest because he set out for Poland in late September or early October and was therefore considered by the Teutonic Order as a traitor. Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen sought long in vain to replace him with a supporter of the Teutonic Order. The major cities in Prussia seemed to have an ambivalent attitude towards the heavy defeat of the Knights. According to the messages that reached the Bishop of Poznan on July 29 and briefly after, the inhabitants of Thorn beheaded their komtur and killed 50 Order soldiers. A similar fate suffered other Order soldiers in Gdansk mid-August. The city Elblag apologized later for paying the homage to the Polish king using as an excuse the fact that the German Order prohibited repeatedly to repair the damaged city walls. In the general analysis of this issue the following questions are worth answering: How different were the reactions of the inhabitants of Prussia to the changing military and political situation after the battle of Grunwald? Can the different forms of behavior be recognized depending on social class? And were the numerous tributes the result of desperation and seeing the situation as "hopeless" or rather an expression of long-suppressed resentment of Teutonic Order’s authority?
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica; 2016, 23; 109-114
0860-1054
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vom Ordensland zum Herzogtum. Religiöse Überzeugung oder politisches Kalkül des Hochmeisters Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach?
From the state of the Teutonic Order to the duchy: religious beliefs or a political calculation of Grand Master Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach?
Autorzy:
Arnold, Udo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Teutonic Order
Prussia
Reformation
Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach
Opis:
The article underlines the fact that Prussia became Protestant prior to Saxony (considered to be the “mother country of the Reformation”) and other German states. After the end of the Thirteen Years’ War one of the problems constituted the relations between the Grand Master and the Polish King as they went beyond the area of politics affecting also religion and law. Having been elected Grand Master Albrecht Hohenzollern introduced significant changes in the political system of the state. He was related to King Sigismund the Old thanks to his mother, who was Sigismund’s sister. It was unusual for the Teutonic Order to have elected twenty-one-year-old Albrecht to be Grand Master as normally the tendency was to appoint the most respectable member of the Order. Albrecht Hohenzollern launched many reforms the aim of which was to centralize the Teutonic administration. Gradually, the corporate style of management was being transformed into a one-person leadership. Albrecht Hohenzollern also planned to carry out religious reforms. That is why he tried to contact Martin Luther. He attempted to establish the first contact with Luther in the years 1521–1522. The next attempt was made by Martin Luther. In 1523 Luther wrote a letter to the Teutonic Order, where he suggested the rejection of the principle of purity and taking over the lands in hereditary ownership by Teutonic brothers as it was done by noble families. In practice, it would have meant the liquidation of the Order. Albrecht refused to accept the ideas, which did not mean that he disliked Luther. Albrecht met Luther at the end of 1523 in Wittenberg. Luther repeated his guidelines to make the Teutonic state a secular duchy. In May 1524 there was another meeting. Taking into account the political situation at that time, the political isolation of the Teutonic Order and the threat to become subjected to Poland, Albrecht decided to convert into Lutheranism. In this way, he made himself independent of the Pope and in the long run he could set up the foundations to make himself less and less dependent on Catholic Poland. Owing to secularization, Albrecht saved his personal rule and transformed the monastic state into the first Protestant European country.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 21-40
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Der Krakauer Wojewode Teodor Gryfita (gest. nach 1237) und die Hl. Kunigunde von Polen aus der Árpáden-Dynastie (1234-1292) als Stifter der ältesten Klöster im Podhale
Cracow voivode Teodor Gryfita (died after 1237) and Saint Kinga (1234 - 1292) from the Arpad dynasty, founders of the oldest monasteries in Podhale
Autorzy:
Marszalska, Jolanta M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/450034.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
monastery
Teodor Gryfita
Cistercian
Saint Kinga
Order of Saint Clare
Opis:
Both of the above mentioned 13th century monastery foundations in Podhale -the Cistercian Szczyrzyc as well as the Franciscan Stary Sącz - played important religious, cultural and social role in the development of this region. Their founders were important people, both the voivode of Cracow Teodor Gryfita and the Cracow duchess Kinga of the Arpad family (later a saint) inscribed themselves for the work of monastery foundations in Podhale in the colonization and economic process but above all the religious and cultural life in the then Piast state.
Źródło:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne; 2018, 25; 85-94
1232-1575
Pojawia się w:
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ungarisch-preussische Handelsbeziehungen im Mittelalter
Hungarian-Prussian Trade Relations in the Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Pósán, László
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1064755.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Hanseatic League
East Central Europe
trade
Teutonic Order
Late Middle Ages
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present trade contacts between Prussia and Hungary from the end of the 13th century to the mid-15th century. The problem has hitherto remained beyond the interest of researchers dealing with trade relations. On the basis of the Hanseatic, Polish and Hungarian sources the author analyses the structure of goods being traded, participants of the trade and trade routes. The author points out the connection between the development of trade contacts with political relations in East Central Europe. After the death of King Louis I of Hungary (1382) the trade conducted between Hungary and Prussia, which went through the Polish territories, became heavily dependent on the balance of power between the Teutonic Order, the Kingdom of Poland and the Kingdom of Hungary. The author underlines that the range of goods which were the subject of the trade started to grow at the end of the 13th century. Apart from metals (copper, iron, silver) Hungarian merchants sold to Prussian merchants wax, furs, wine, cheap cloth and southern products such as fruit, spice and condiments. In the 15th century Melnaterite (Kupferwasser), the mineral used in dyeing, was exported from Upper Hungary to the Baltic zone. Merchants from Prussian towns exported to Hungary goods imported from West Europe, mainly cloth. Until the mid-15th century the main role in Prussian trade with Hungary was played by merchants from Toruń, while in the second half of the 15th century their place was taken over by merchants from Gdańsk.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 4; 115-145
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polskie ordery i odznaczenia = Polnische Orden und Ehrenzeichen = Polish orders and medals = Ordena i medali Polši. Vol. 4
Polnische Orden und Ehrenzeichen
Polish orders and medals
Ordena i medali Polši
Autorzy:
Stela, Wojciech.
Współwytwórcy:
Chmielnicki, Eugeniusz. Tłumaczenie
Gajda, Piotr. Tłumaczenie
Hyla, R. E. Tłumaczenie
Lambre Daniel. Tłumaczenie
Postek, Roman. Tłumaczenie
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Warszawa : Wojciech Stela
Tematy:
Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari
Ordery i odznaczenia wojskowe Polska 18-20 w.
Katalog
Opis:
Na grzb. wyłącznie tyt. ang. Nazwy tł. w cop.
Bibliogr. s. 481.
Dostawca treści:
Bibliografia CBW
Książka
Tytuł:
Das liturgische Erbe des Protestantismus
THE LITURGICAL HERITAGE OF THE PROTESTANTISM
Autorzy:
Ehricht, Christoph
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburska w Gdańsku z siedzibą w Sopocie
Tematy:
LITURGY
WORSHIP
AGENDA
PROTESTANT CHURCH ORDER
MARTIN LUTHER
JOHANNES BUGENHAGEN
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
Opis:
The article reconstructs the development of the protestant liturgical life. The notions Leiturgia, martyria, koinonia as well as diakonia belong to the notae ecclesiae, the signs of the church. Surprisingly, the notion “liturgy” was originally used in the public sphere, not the religious one. The Protestant Church of the 16th century preserves almost all the liturgical traditions of the ancient Christianity. The Protestant order of a religious service from the 1520s created by Johannes Bugenhagen, who was a close friend of Martin Luther, is the best testimony to this idea. Luther himself published the new order of a liturgical service in Deutsche Messe (The German Mass) in 1526. What is really exceptional in this paper is the collection of new original liturgical melodies for the life of the congregation. The most important for the development of the Protestant music and liturgy was the work of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750). From the Protestant point of view, it is both the acts of worship and the Sunday service that express the God service for the world.
Źródło:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki; 2012, 6; 163-170
1898-1127
Pojawia się w:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Von Preußen ins Reich. Der Burgdorfer Krieg und die Heimatreise der einfachen Ordensbrüder Rudolf und Konrad von Kyburg aus dem Jahre 1383
From Prussia to the Reich: The Burgdorf War and the Journey Home by Two Ordinary Teutonic Knights – Rudolf and Konrad von Kyburg in 1383
Autorzy:
Gotówko, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
journeys
travel expenses
Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
Switzerland
Burgdorf War
late Middle Ages
Opis:
Not many primary sources document the lives of ordinary Teutonic Knights who were not among the highest officials of the Order. Therefore, the preserved mentions from the town of Burgdorf, modern-day Switzerland, prove to be of great importance. These refer to two Teutonic Knights, Konrad and Rudolf von Kyburg, who returned to their homeland during the summer of 1383. It is all the more interesting due to the fact that the older of the two – Konrad – was referred to in a document of 1375 as an ordinary Teutonic Knight staying in Balga. His younger brother is also likely to have served in the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The reason for their journey home was the Burgdorf War, which was started in November of 1382 by their nephew Rudolf II von Kyburg, who made an unsuccessful attempt at capturing the town of Solothurn. It resulted in a conflict with Bern, which was the most powerful city in that region. The return of Konrad and Rudolf to their homeland would not have been possible without the approval of their superiors, including the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. The scarce primary sources that were preserved indicate that the two Teutonic Knights tried to alleviate the conflict by diplomatic means, however, without success. They were given a certain amount of time before they were obliged to return to Prussia. The issue of financing the journey is really interesting. Even though the presence of the two Teutonic Knights was certainly beneficial for the von Kyburg family, it is highly unlikely that the relatives covered their travel expenses, as the family had been impoverished long before the war even began, and it needed to allocate all the available resources for the defense of the ancestral castle. Thus, the Teutonic Order was forced, against its thirteenth-century rules, not only to approve but also finance the purely private journey of its two longtime members to their homeland.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 5-27
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die Architektur der Summa theologiae des Thomas von Aquin
Architektura Sumy Teologicznej św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Autorzy:
Kowalski, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2078905.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Naukowe Towarzystwo Tomistyczne
Tematy:
argumentacja scholastyczna
porządek
katedra gotycka
Suma Teologiczna
Scholastic reasoning
order
Gothic cathedral
Summa Theologiae
Opis:
This paper briefly shows how Summa Theologiae is composed. We may notice that the structure of Summa results from the careful and precise consideration, further, it perfectly embodies the Scholastic mode for assesing arguments. The remarkable achievement of Aquinas is to demonstrate, through the structure of intellectual reasoning, the rational structure of the universe. Universal idea, reason understood as a principle for a methodological inquiry, serves as the overall rule both for intellectual and aesthetic work. We find its expression in the Medieval architecture, especially in Gothic cathedrals.
Źródło:
Rocznik Tomistyczny; 2019, 8; 87-102
2300-1976
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Tomistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Der gotische Muttergottes‑Altar von Guttstadt (1426)
The Gothic Marian Altar in Dobre Miasto (1426)
Autorzy:
Jakutowicz, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2106514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
collegiate church
Dobre Miasto
Marian altar
Warmia
the Teutonic Order’s state
Middle Ages
Opis:
This article offers a stylistic analysis of the Marian altar from the church of the Redeemer and All Saints in Dobre Miasto in the voivodship of Warmia and Masuria. The altar was set up in 1426 as an altar for morning mass. It remains incomplete to this day: several Gothic figures were replaced by later pieces of sculpture, and the altar was provenance is also questionable of the centrally located sculpture of Mary and Child. The literature up to now has pointed out stylistic analogies with the altar in Pörschken (Nowo‑Moskowskoje), at present in the collection of the Castle Museum in Malbork, and with the altar from Sokolica (Falkenau), which is at present in the collection Museum of the Archdiocese of Warmia in Olsztyn. Stylistic analysis makes it possible to establish that the closest analogy to the Dobre Miasto altar is the altar from Pörschken, while the somewhat later retable from Sokolica has many features in common with the altar from Rauma (Finland), which was a Prussian export. It is, however, an open question as to the location of the Prussian provincial woodcarving workshop that probably produced the altars in Dobre Miasto and Pörschken, drawing on the at that time rather old‑fashioned tradition of figures of the Madonna on lions. The literaturę suggests Malbork or Gdańsk, but because of stylistic similarities to the Elbląg Apostolic College and the links of the Elbląg Rector Mikołaj Wulsack with Dobre Miasto, Elbląg, too, must be considered.
Źródło:
Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza; 2022, 25; 144-169
2544-2562
Pojawia się w:
Studia z Dziejów Średniowiecza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identitätsmodelle in der preußischen Landeshistoriographie 1466–1525
Identification Models in the Prussian Historiography of 1466–1525
Autorzy:
Mentzel-Reuters, Arno
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194076.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Royal Prussia
the Duchy of Prussia
Prussian chroniclers
narrative sources
the Teutonic Order
Prussian towns
Opis:
Until the beginning of the 18th century in Royal Prussia and the Duchy of Prussia there existed a shared consciousness of belonging to one country. This feeling is also present in the regional historical works. The common country “Preußenland” was founded on the territory of the former Teutonic state. Political changes taking place after the Thirteen Years’ War were not taken into account in this narration. Functioning as part of the Kingdom of Poland guaranteed certain regional freedoms. The characteristic feature of the Prussian historiography was the description of pagan times in a negative way comparing them with the Christian times. The rebellion of the Prussian towns was depicted as the result of the arrogance of the Teutonic Order starting from the times of the rule of Konrad von Wallenrode. The outbreak and development of the Reformation hindered the process of the creation of the rival regional identities. Historiographers did not use the sources to create one general narration, but they entwined various, sometimes contradictory, narratives in their works.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 1; 5-19
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Der Lustmord und seine Folgen. Rahel Sanzaras Roman Das verlorene Kind
Autorzy:
Golec, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081159.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
novel
genetic inheritance of evil
description of the patriarchal-authoritarian order
of a closed community
Opis:
The article analyses the novel “Das verlorene Kind” by Rahel Sanzara, whose central motif is sexually motivated murder of a 4-year-old girl by a 14-year-old boy. The reason of crime is highlighted: genetic inheritance of evil from the biological father (mother‘s rapist) and its consequences for the major protagonists of the work and all the inhabitants of the village which is the scene of the tragedy. Sanzara makes a detailed description of the patriarchal-authoritarian order of a closed community living far away from civilization, which inevitably leads to the decay of family and human relations.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny; 2017, 1; 3-12
0023-5911
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Die Visitation als Mittel traditioneller Ordensstruktur nach 1466
Inspections as the Means of the Traditional Teutonic Structure After 1466
Autorzy:
Arnold, Udo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194085.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Teutonic Order in Prussia
grand master
the Teutonic administration,
the reform of the monastic life
Opis:
The loss of the significant part of the territory by the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order after 1466 entailed structural changes in the state. Inspections constituted an important scrutinizing factor in various fields of life. They were a permanent element of the reforms undertaken in the Teutonic Order. The expertise of the inspectors originally were not precisely defined. However, with time they became more and precise. In the times of the rule of Grand Master Heinrich Reuß von Plauen we know only about one inspection from the Austrian bailiff in 1469. During the rule of the subsequent Grand Master Heinrich Reffle von Richtenberg (1470–1477) no inspection was recorded. During the times of Martin Truchsess von Wetzhausen (1477–1489) problems connected with the reform of the monastic life in Prussia were addressed. The discussion concerned the problem of poverty among Teutonic brothers. The great inspection was planned to take place in 1481 prior to the General Chapter. However, the General Chapter did not take place. The inspection of Livonia was postponed for 1488. In the times of Johann von Tiefen (1489–1497) the forms of inspection applied so far were discussed. One of the evidences of this discussion was a letter written by the secretary of the Grand Master’s chancery Dr Michale Sculteti, which included forms intended for the inspection. Friedrich von Sachsen-Meißen (1498–1510) at the turn of 1498/1499 issued a regulation concerning inspections and appointed inspectors. In 1502 a detailed catalogue of questions was compiled in the Teutonic chancellery as it had been earlier done by Sculteti. In the times when the Grand Commander was Simon von Drahe (1507–1510) inspections became an important tool of the internal policy of the Grand Master Friedrich von Sachsen. The decision of the General Chapter saying that an inspection should take place every year in the Teutonic Order was enforced. However, in the times of the Grand Master Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach (1511–1525) inspections ceased to play an essential role in the internal policy. Only one inspection from this period is recorded – in 1519.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 1; 21-36
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

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