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Tytuł:
Security Management of Collective Decision Making in Academia in Post-Pandemic Period
Zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem zbiorowego podejmowania decyzji w jednostkach naukowych w okresie postpandemicznym
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2121392.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
security management
cybersecurity
electronic voting
remote voting
Internet voting
online voting
information authenticity
Opis:
Under the pressure of sanitary restrictions, the potential of information techno- logies available to the academic communities for over a dozen years, but not used for various reasons, is released. As a specific case of this trend, a migration from brick-and-mortar voting towards the remote voting by electronic means may in- tensify in the post-pandemic period at universities. This phenomenon requires an in-depth analysis, the aim of which is to facilitate the management of academic units to choose optimal solutions in the coming years, when such decisions can be made without time pressure and invasive sanitary restrictions. In the process of electronic remote voting, security is a key requirement, which has a number of various attributes: authenticity, correctness, anonymity, verifiability, receipt- freeness, availability. In response to these, to some extent contradictory, requi- rements, the world of science has been developing protocols and systems based on cryptographic formalisms for years. This article explains the main challenges related to security of remote electronic voting, from which even advanced solu- tions implemented in academic practice are not free.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2021, 4; 105-115
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Risks and Benefits of i-Voting in Public Opinion: Evidence from Poland
Autorzy:
Kapsa, Izabela
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056713.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
i-voting
opinions of Poles
risks of i-voting
benefits of i-voting
Opis:
Apart from benefits, internet voting security is most frequently discussed by opponents and supporters of this form of electoral participation. Although this voting method is not available in Poland, the debate on the implementation of i-voting appears in each election. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a great need to implement additional remote voting methods in the elections, and increasingly more countries are considering the introduction of i-vote in the future. Although there is no plan for the nearest future in Poland, citizens' opinions suggest that this voting procedure would meet many of its users. The paper's main aim is to analyse Poles' opinions about the risks and benefits of internet voting. The results of our own studies are based on a survey among Poles regarding their views on internet voting. The main goal is to verify if Poles more often highlight the benefits than risks of i-voting, and if the opinions about risks and benefits of i-voting differ depending on respondents’ sex, age, education and domicile.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 1(51); 163-180
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of a priori positive information on the results of voting methods
Autorzy:
Sosnowska, Honorata
Ramsza, Michał
Zawiślak, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2204339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-05-31
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
a priori information
strategic voting
voting methods
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to present the results of experiments relating to voting methods based on the bounded rationality theory. The research demonstrated that a positive nudge changes the voting results. The study focused on three methods of voting: the Borda Count method, the Condorcet winner method and the anti-manipulation method. In a laboratory experiment, the subjects were asked to select the best musician. They were to manipulate their voting so that a predetermined winner is chosen. In the first voting, the subjects did not receive any a priori information, while in the second voting, some a priori information was provided, i.e. the true, objective ranking of the musicians. What followed was another voting. It was initially assumed that the participants would manipulate their voting the same way as in the first voting. The results, however, were different. The obtained second ranking of musicians was closest to the true, objective ranking, thus proving that the manipulation effect was neutralised by the a priori positive information about the true, objective order.
Źródło:
Przegląd Statystyczny; 2022, 69, 4; 29-40
0033-2372
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Statystyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Policy and Voting Preferences of Romanian Migrants 2000-2016
Autorzy:
Burean, Toma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/514596.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych
Tematy:
emigrants
voting
policy preferences
Romania
Voting Advice Applications
Opis:
In most studies of voting behavior, political preferences are explained at the level of the “country, election, electoral cohort or individual voter” (Franklin 2004). Notably absent from these studies is the impact of voters living abroad. Their importance is not to be neglected, especially in democratizing states. This research targets the predictions that lie behind the turnout and preferences of Romanian emigrants. Romanian Diaspora consistently votes for parties and candidates that promise reforms. This vote is associated with liberal economic policy preferences and support for minority groups. I test these hypotheses with elections results data from 2000 to 2016 coupled with data collected from Votulmeu.com an online Voting Advice Application from the 2012 parliamentary and 2014 presidential elections in Romania.
Źródło:
Political Preferences; 2018, 19; 5-29
2449-9064
Pojawia się w:
Political Preferences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Theory and Practice of Online Voting. The Case of Estonia (selected issues)
Głosowanie internetowe w ujęciu teoretycznym i praktycznym. Przykład Estonii (wybrane zagadnienia)
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2168181.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
e-democracy
e-voting
i-voting
turnout
Estonian elections
Opis:
Electronic voting has attracted much interest recently. One of the European, and perhaps even global leaders in the application of electronic voting procedures into elections is Estonia. The citizens of that small European country have had the possibility of voting online since 2005. The goal of this study is to provide a theoretically focused and empirically grounded analysis of the use of electronic voting (that is one of the instruments of e-democracy) in Estonia. This paper does not intend to cover all the details of the country’s experience with e-voting. Its coverage is limited to providing data on the influence of electronic voting on the final turnout in certain elections in Estonia. This study investigates the consequences of Internet voting in local, national and European parliamentary elections in Estonia. In particular, the analysis aims to determine whether this new form of voting could increase turnout.
Głosowanie elektroniczne wzbudza w ostatnich latach duże zainteresowanie badaczy. Jednym z europejskich, a nawet światowych, liderów w zakresie wykorzystania e-głosowania w procedurach wyborczych jest Estonia. Obywatele tego niewielkiego państwa od 2005 r. mają możliwość głosowania za pośrednictwem internetu przy okazji kolejnych państwowych wyborów. Celem podejmowanych rozważań jest ujęcie teoretyczne i empiryczne wykorzystania głosowania elektronicznego (które jest jednym z instrumentów e-demokracji) w Estonii. Niniejszy tekst nie koncentruje się na wszystkich aspektach związanych z doświadczeniami zastosowania e-voting, a jedynie ogranicza się do analizy danych dotyczących frekwencji w poszczególnych głosowaniach i odpowiedzi na pytanie o konsekwencje zastosowania e-głosowania dla poziomu finalnej partycypacji w wyborach. W szczególności, analiza ma na celu ustalenie, czy nowa forma głosowania może zwiększyć frekwencję wyborczą w kolejnych elekcjach.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2011, 29; 180-195
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Challenges of i-voting – practices, rules and perspectives. Examples from Estonia and Switzerland
Wyzwania i-głosowania – praktyka, zasady funkcjonowania i perspektywy. Przykład Estonii i Szwajcarii
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/615742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
i-voting
Internet voting
Estonia
Switzerland
głosowanie przez Internet
Szwajcaria
Opis:
Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu są doświadczenia związane z wdrożeniem i-votingu w wybranych państwach Europy. W tekście zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zagadnienia związane z: definiowaniem głosowania internetowego (jako jednej z form głosowania elektronicznego); analizą doświadczeń państw, mających doświadczenia związane z wdrożeniem internetowego głosowania czy procedurom oddawania głosów za pośrednictwem głosowania internetowego. Głównym celem niniejszego tekstu jest odpowiedź na pytania o najważniejsze ryzyka i korzyści związane z głosowaniem przez Internet, o wpływ i-voting na frekwencję wyborczą, jak i o przyszłe perspektywy stosowania i-voting. Rozważania w niniejszym tekście koncentrują się na doświadczeniach dwóch państw z największym – jak się wydaje – doświadczaniem w obszarze i-voting, tj. Estonii oraz Szwajcarii.
This paper discusses the experience related to selected European states implementing i-voting. Particular emphasis is given in the text to the issues of the definition of internet voting (as one of the forms of electronic voting); the analysis of experiences gathered by states with a history of the implementation of internet voting; and the procedures of vote casting via Internet. The main goal of this text is to answer the questions of the greatest risks and benefits of internet voting, the influence i-voting has on voter turnout and the future prospects of i-voting. The considerations presented here focus on the experiences of two states with apparently the greatest experience in the field of i-voting, namely Estonia and Switzerland.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2017, 4; 61-72
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transformation into anti-manipulation method in voting. Changes in properties
Autorzy:
Sosnowska, Honorata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN
Tematy:
voting
manipulation
strategic voting
Borda count
properties
classical music competitions
Opis:
This paper examines the properties of the anti-manipulation method in voting. Such a method can be used by committees and similar bodies to ensure that votes reflect genuine preferences. The anti-manipulation method is based on the Borda Count and discourages strategic voting by excluding scores that deviate excessively from the mean. The method does not eliminate strategic voting but diminishes the motivation to apply it. We compare the properties of the Borda Count and the anti-manipulation method. The properties, which are most often found in the literature, were chosen for comparison. Thus, the following properties are examined: consistency, vulnerability to the no-show paradox, vulnerability to the subset choice condition, homogeneity, monotonicity, and vulnerability to the reversal bias paradox as well as the Condorcet winner and loser paradoxes. The anti-manipulation method fails to satisfy most of these properties. A real data example, the voting of a certain jury, is used as a counterexample in most cases.
Źródło:
Control and Cybernetics; 2022, 51, 4; 487-499
0324-8569
Pojawia się w:
Control and Cybernetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Implementation of electronic voting and the matter of security
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647643.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
electronic voting
security
ICT
Opis:
Electronic voting (as well as computer-aided voting) is an interesting subject for many countries around the world. The idea to implement e-voting into elections and referenda is widely discussed not only by members of parliaments and governments throughout the world but also by regular voters, IT specialists, engineers or people who work in organisations/associations supporting application of ICT in government. This idea is strengthened by the fact, that e-voting is successfully applied in Estonia and Switzerland for several years. However, in some European states (e.g. in the Netherlands, Norway and Austria) the attempts to implement that form of participation in elections fell out to be unsuccessful. This article aims at providing an answer to the question about the matters of security during implementation of electronic voting systems, which are more and more popular as an additional form of voting during elections or referenda. The theoretical context of the considerations is based on the concepts of electronic democracy (as a new paradigm of democratic power in contemporary states) and voting supported by ICT (understood as the essential tool for e-democracy). Apart from theoretical considerations on the e-voting itself, this text includes references to the most important motives that accompany e-voting implementation and then it delivers arguments on various aspects of security within the e-voting system.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2015, 22, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Senate 2007: Block Voting in Operation
Autorzy:
Flis, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027982.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Block Voting
Senate
Elections
Opis:
Elections to the Senate are rarely a topic of deep analysis by media or researchers. The Upper House of the Parliament is not a place where key political decisions are made. The Government, which is appointed by the majority of the Lower House, the Sejm, is the center of Polish political life. Experience show that the political situation in the Senate is much more stable than in the Sejm. From 1997, parties which won elections to the Sejm always had a majority in the Senate, although none of these parties had an independent majority in the Sejm. The 2007 elections crown this trend – only one mandate in the Senate was given to a candidate who did not come from the winning party or any main opposition parties. Every fifth mandate in the Lower House was given to smaller parties. The purpose of this analysis is to find an answer to the question on what leads to such results.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2008, 37; 57-75
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primacy Effects in Poland – supplement to Steven Linder
Autorzy:
Haman, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2127576.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
primacy effect
elections
voting
Opis:
The text supplements the article by S. Linder and contains information about research on the primacy effect in Poland. The subject of J. Raciborski’s analyzes were elections to national councils (local government bodies) in 1988 – the last elections before the fall of communism in Poland, elections to the Sejm in 1989 and 1991. T. Żółtak investigated the existence of the primacy effect in the elections to the Senate in 1991-2007. However, the primacy effect in the 2014 regional elections was of greatest political importance. The strength of this effect was measured by J. Flis. Analyzes were also carried out on the effect of a candidate’s position on the party semi-open list in proportional elections. However, this is a completely different issue, as in this case the position on the list is related to the actual political weight of the candidate. In Poland, the relationship of the primacy effect with postal elections has never been studied, which results from the marginal importance of the latter, as well as the procedures used in elections, which prevent a separate analysis of the content of votes cast by post and at the polling station.
Źródło:
Decyzje; 2021, 35; 39-44
1733-0092
2391-761X
Pojawia się w:
Decyzje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E–voting as a new form of Civic Participationin democratic procedures
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2025233.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
electronic voting
new technologies
democracy
Opis:
Times are changing. The second half of the 19th century and the following years stood for rapid development of various tools based on electricity. Expansion of telecommunication and progress of electronic media constitute important elements of this period. It may be said, we now live in the Internet era, and there is a perception that anyone who does not jump on the technology bandwagon is going to be left far behind. The growth of online interactions can be observed by the inconceivable increase in the number of people with home PC and Internet access.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2011, 40; 122-137
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
E-Voting as a New Form of Civic Participation in Democratic Procedures
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026863.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
electronic voting
democracy
democratic transformation
Opis:
Times are changing. The second half of the 19th century and the following years stood for rapid development of various tools based on electricity. Expansion of telecommunication and progress of electronic media constitute important elements of this period. It may be said, we now live in the Internet era, and there is a perception that anyone who does not jump on the technology bandwagon is going to be left far behind. The growth of online interactions can be observed by the inconceivable increase in the number of people with home PC and Internet access.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2010, 39; 72-87
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Orders of criticality in voting games
Autorzy:
Dall'Aglio, M.
Fragnelli, V.
Moretti, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/406289.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
voting game
blackmailing power
semivalue
Opis:
The authors focus on the problem of investigating the blackmail power of players in simple games, which is the possibility of players of threatening coalitions to cause them loss using arguments that are (apparently) unjustified. To this purpose, the classical notion of the criticality of players has been ex-tended, in order to characterize situations where players may gain more power over the members of a coalition thanks to collusion with other players.
Źródło:
Operations Research and Decisions; 2016, 26, 2; 53-67
2081-8858
2391-6060
Pojawia się w:
Operations Research and Decisions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electronic Voting in Opinions and Declarations of Young Lithuanians Aged 19–29 Years. Report on Preliminary Research
Głosowanie elektroniczne w opiniach i deklaracjach młodych Litwinów na przykładzie sondażu wśród dorosłych w wieku 19–29 lat – raport z badań wstępnych
Autorzy:
Malużinas, Martinas
Górny, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2083348.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
i-voting
digital state
electronic voting
young voters
cyfrowe państwo
głosowanie elektroniczne
młodzi wyborcy
Opis:
The aim of the article is to present the preliminary results of a survey conducted among Lithuanian students on their opinion about i-voting and the possibility of implementing this alternative voting method in Lithuania. The main aim of the research was to answer the following research questions: What is the attitude of young Lithuanians towards voting via the Internet? What threats, benefits and challenges related to the potential implementation of i-voting in Lithuania are perceived by the surveyed group. The research showed that the respondents believe that the greatest barriers to the introduction of i-voting in Lithuania are: the threat of cybercrime, the possibility of violating the principle of secret voting, the lack of political will, the need to change the law; young voters would be willing to vote via the Internet and this could have a positive impact on the turnout among this group of voters; the complexity of the challenges related to implementing i-voting means that there is no chance of its quick introduction.
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wstępnych wyników badań ankietowych, przeprowadzonych wśród litewskich studentów na temat ich opinii o i-votingu i możliwości wdrożenia tej alternatywnej metody głosowania na Litwie. Głównym celem badań były odpowiedzi m.in. na następujące pytania badawcze: Jaki stosunek do głosowania za pośrednictwem Internetu mają młodzi Litwini? Jakie zagrożenia, korzyści i wyzwania związane z potencjalnym wdrożeniem i-votingu na Litwie dostrzega badana grupa. Badania wykazały, iż respondenci uważają, że największe bariery we wprowadzeniu i-votingu na Litwie to: zagrożenie cyberprzestępczością, możliwość naruszeń zasady tajności głosowania, brak woli politycznej, konieczność zmian prawa; młodzi wyborcy chętnie korzystaliby z głosowania za pośrednictwem Internetu i mogłoby to pozytywnie wpłynąć na frekwencję wyborczą wśród tej grupy wyborców; złożoność wyzwań związanych z wdrażaniem i-votingu sprawia, że nie ma szans na jego szybkie wprowadzenie.
Źródło:
Przegląd Politologiczny; 2022, 2; 65-78
1426-8876
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Politologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is Electronic Voting a Panacea for Low Election Turnout? Examples of Estonian e-Elections and Swiss e-Referendums
Autorzy:
Musiał-Karg, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023505.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Switzerland
Estonia
electronic voting
elections
Opis:
One of the most apparent signs of the crisis of the democratic system is a systematically decreasing turnout level in national and supranational elections and referenda. In reports and analyses concerning the level of political participation, experts more and more frequently notice a decreasing tendency of the citizen’s involvement in numerous types of elections. As Ola Pettersson points out, “according to the sources, less and less citizens appear at the ballot boxes”. Jacek Raciborski indicates that one of the most signifi cant consequences of the low citizen’s participation at the election procedures is the considerable legitimacy deficit. A number of countries attempt to prevent these phenomena from happening by undertaking various actions aimed at increasing the level of citizens’ involvement in political life (notably by increasing their participation in elections). That would infl uence the growth of the legitimacy level of the undertaken political decisions. It is worth noticing, that apart from the commonly used ways of increasing election attendance (such as correspondence voting, mobile ballot boxes), over the last few years politicians in many countries have had numerous discussions aimed at the implementation of electronic voting (e-voting). Its followers claim that thanks to e-voting, election and referenda turnout may be increased, as this method enables disabled people and people who are abroad to take part in elections. Furthermore, a considerable advantage of e voting, compared to traditional voting in polling stations is of greater convenience than the former. The aim of the following text is to attempt to provide an answer to the question whether electronic voting can be treated as a panacea for low election turnouts, whether this form of voting may be a warranty of a higher level of voter’s attendance than before. In the article, the author bases on the experience connected with e voting in two European countries – Estonia and Switzerland, which can be referred to as the pioneers in the use of e voting.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 428-443
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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