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Tytuł:
Virological aspects of non-human primates or swine-to human xenotransplantation
Autorzy:
Mazurkiewicz, Natalia
Nowak, Agnieszka
Hryhorowicz, Magdalena
Zeyland, Joanna
Lipiński, Daniel
Słomski, Ryszard
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/764844.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
PERV
HIV
zoonoses
transgenic animals
Opis:
Istnieje wiele chorób człowieka, które mogą doprowadzić do niewydolności narządów. Konsekwencją często jest konieczność przeprowadzenia przeszczepu. Liczba wykonywanych operacji jest bardzo niska ze względu na niedobór narządów do transplantacji. W konsekwencji liczba osób oczekujących na przeszczep ciągle rośnie. Wyjściem z tej sytuacji może być ksenotransplantacja. Pojęcie ksenotransplantacja pochodzi od greckiego xenos oznaczającego obcy, inny. Jest to każdy zabieg polegający na transplantacji, implantacji lub infuzji biorcy – człowiekowi – komórek, tkanek lub organów odzwierzęcych, również płynów ustrojowych, komórek, tkanek, narządów człowieka (lub ich fragmentów), które miały kontakt ex vivo z komórkami, tkankami lub organami zwierzęcymi. Jedną z przeszkód w przeszczepach ksenogenicznych jest zagrożenie przeniesienia patogenów zwierzęcych i zainfekowanie organizmu człowieka. Wirusami, które stanowią zagrożenie w przeszczepach, w układzie małpy naczelne-człowiek to między innymi: ludzki wirus upośledzenia odporności HIV (z ang. human immunodeficiency virus) i wirus Marburg, które zostały opisane w niniejszej pracy. Ponadto przedstawiono wirusy stanowiące problem w transplantacjach w układzie świnia-człowiek, czyli: endogennego retrowirusa PERV (z ang. porcine endogenous retrovirus), wirusa cytomegalii świni PCMV (z ang. porcine cytomegalovirus), wirusa limfotroficznego świni PLHV (z ang. porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus) oraz wirusa zapalenia wątroby typu E - HEV (z ang. hepatitis E virus). Niniejszy przegląd literatury stanowi najnowszy stan wiedzy na temat mikrobiologicznego bezpieczeństwa ksenotransplantacji.
There are a number of human diseases, which can lead to organ failure. The consequence is often the need for a transplant. The number of performed operations is very low due to the shortage of organs for transplantation. As a consequence, the number of people waiting for transplant is still growing. The solution to this situation may be xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation word comes from the Greek xenos meaning stranger, the other. It is defined as any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion of tissues or zoonotic organs into a human recipient, but also human body fluids, cells, tissues, organs (or fragments) that have ex vivo contact with zoonotic cells, tissues or organs. One of the obstacles of the xenograft transplantation is the risk of animal pathogens transmission to the humans. Viruses that pose risk in the non-human primates-to-human xenotransplantation includes: the human immunodeficiency virus - HIV and the Marburg virus described in this paper. In addition viruses, which is a problem in pig-to-human xenotransplantation have also been described, including: porcine endogenous retrovirus - PERV, porcine cytomegalovirus - PCMV, porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus - PLHV and hepatitis E virus - E - HEV. This review of literature is the latest knowledge of the microbiological safety of xenotransplantation.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica; 2018, 14; 47-54
1730-2366
2083-8484
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Biologica et Oecologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Animal cloning by nuclear transfer: state-of-the-art and future perspectives
Autorzy:
Dinnyes, Andras
Szmolenszky, Agnes
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041360.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
transgenic
animal models
epigenetics
cloning
Opis:
Model organisms are essential to study the genetic basis of human diseases. Transgenic mammalian models, especially genetic knock-out mice have catalysed the progress in this area. To continue the advancement, further sophisticated and refined models are crucially needed to study the genetic basis and manifestations of numerous human diseases. Coinciding with the start of the new era of post-genomic research, new tools for establishment of transgenesis, such as nuclear transfer and gene targeting in somatic cells, have become available, offering a unique opportunity for the generation of transgenic animal models. The new technology provides important tools for comparative functional genomics to promote the interpretation and increase the practical value of the data generated in numerous mouse models. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of the nuclear replacement technology and presents future perspectives.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2005, 52, 3; 585-588
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modification of non-protein thiols contents in transgenic tobacco plants producing bacterial enzymes of cysteine biosynthesis pathway.
Autorzy:
Liszewska, Frantz
Błaszczyk, Anna
Sirko, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1044094.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
transgenic tobacco
cysteine biosynthesis
thiols
sulfur metabolism
Opis:
Conditions of achieving the maximal accumulation of sulfhydryl metabolites in the leaves of tobacco were explored. Simultaneous production of bacterial O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase and serine acetyltransferase resulted in the increased thiols contents as compared to single transformants and controls. However, leaf discs feeding experiments differently affected thiols concentration in different plant groups and suggested that the most promising strategy to obtain plants with a high level of non-protein thiol-containing compounds might be sulfate feeding to plants overproducing serine acetyltransferase.Formation of cysteine from sulfide and O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is catalyzed by O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (OAS-TL) (EC 4.2.99.8) while OAS is synthesized by serine acetyltransferase (SAT) from acetyl-coenzyme A and serine. Molecular interactions between SAT and OAS-TL are involved in the regulation of the enzymatic activities of these proteins in bacteria (Mino et al., 2000) and in plants (Bogdanova & Hell, 1997; Droux et al., 1998). Experiments with Escherichia coli enzymes clearly indicated that OAS-TL activity was reduced to 30% in a complex (Mino et al., 2000). Similarly, a very dramatic decrease of the catalytic activity of OAS-TL bound in a complex has been reported for the plant enzymes (Droux et al., 1998). On the other hand, the bienzyme complex formation stabilizes bacterial SAT (Mino et al., 2000) and increases the apparent affinity for the substrates of plant SAT (Droux et al., 1998). The stability of the complex is negatively affected by OAS and positively by sulfide (Droux et al., 1998). Bacterial SAT is feedback regulated by cysteine, however, no relationship seems to exist between the complex formation and SAT sensitivity to this inhibition (Mino et al., 2000).Both enzymes, SAT and OAS-TL, are located in three compartments of the plant cell: the cytosol, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Different isoforms of these enzymes are in a different way regulated by sulfur nutrition (Nakamura et al., 1999; Takahashi et al., 1997; Warrilow & Hawkesford, 1998). The feedback regulation by L-cysteine of various isoforms of plant SAT has recently been studied (Inoue et al., 1999; Noji et al., 1998). According to the model proposed, the only role of the chloroplastic and mitochondrial isoforms (that are insensitive to the feedback inhibition) would be the production of OAS for cysteine biosynthesis. The cysteine-sensitive cystosolic isoform of SAT would, according to this model, have two roles: (i) OAS production for cysteine biosynthesis in the cystosol and (ii) control of OAS pool for regulatory purposes. The second postulated function is tightly connected with the fact that OAS acts as a positive regulator of genes whose expression is affected by sulfur status (Saito, 2000).Glutathione, the main low-molecular-mass thiol-containing compound in the plant cell, has multiple functions, including involvement in responses to various environmental stresses and maintenance of the redox homeostasis (Foyer & Rennenberg, 2000). Under non-stressing conditions the majority of glutathione is maintained in the reduced form (GSH) and its concentration is determined mainly by the rate of biosynthesis. GSH is produced from cysteine, glutamate and glycine in two steps catalyzed by γ-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase (γ-ECS) and glutathione synthetase (GS), respectively (Noctor et al., 1998). The biosynthesis and accumulation of GSH has been shown to depend on (i) the activity of γ-ECS, (ii) the availability of cysteine, and (iii) the light-dependent formation of glycine through the photorespiratory pathway (Foyer & Rennenberg, 2000).The main aim of this study was to identify the optimal conditions for the maximal accumulation of non-protein sulfhydryl metabolites in plant leaves. The transgenic tobacco plants with cytosolic production of bacterial enzymes of the cysteine biosynthesis pathway, SAT and OAS-TL, were obtained and analyzed for the transgenes expression. Additionally, leaf discs of either single or double transformants, as well as of control plants, were assayed for the thiol contents upon incubation in solutions of various compounds expected to have an influence on sulfur metabolism.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2001, 48, 3; 647-656
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Positive and negative implications of conventional and nonconventional Bacillus thuringiensis products
Autorzy:
Lonc, E.
Lachowicz, T.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/839764.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
host range
isolate
age specificity
Pseudomonas fluorescens
host specificity
Clavicobacter xyli
transgenic plant
transgenic microorganism
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1994, 40, 3
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Positive and negative implications of conventional and nonconventional Bacillus thuringiensis products
Autorzy:
Lonc, E.
Lachowicz, T.M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2151478.pdf
Data publikacji:
1994
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
host range
isolate
age specificity
Pseudomonas fluorescens
host specificity
Clavicobacter xyli
transgenic plant
transgenic microorganism
Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus
Źródło:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne; 1994, 40, 3; 316-317
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unconventional uses of pigs
Niekonwencjonalne użytkowanie świń
Autorzy:
Klocek, C.
Nowicki, J.
Magiera, A.
Penar, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2082437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
pigs
senses
animal welfare
medical
tests
transgenic pigs
Opis:
Unconventional uses of pigs. The study presents the possibilities of pigs’ sensory organs and their sensitivity to odor stimuli (i.e. to search for truffles and drugs by pigs), as well as their role in the animal adaptation processes. We use the knowledge about the senses to more effectively enrich farming environment and in this way to improve the animal welfare. The pigs’ ability to distinguish and remember sounds and the appropriate associated reaction can be used to create the desired behavior, improve welfare of pigs and their production results. Similarly, the pigs’ ability to distinguish colors and their color preferences also enable to influence the behavior, welfare, and production effects of pigs. Miniature pigs are used as companion animals and in rehabilitation. The similarity in the anatomical structure of the pig and human organs, and the course of physiological and metabolic processes are used in medical research and creates hope for their use in so-called xenotransplantation. Transgenic pigs create new horizons in the unconventional use of pigs.
Źródło:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science; 2019, 58[4]; 251-260
1898-8830
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of potyvirus terminal protein VPg-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants
Autorzy:
Wojtal, Izabela
Piontek, Paulina
Grzela, Renata
Jarmołowski, Artur
Zagórski, Włodzimierz
Chroboczek, Jadwiga
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1039885.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
VPg protein
Potyvirus
pathogen-derived resistance
transgenic plant
Opis:
Virus-coded VPg protein of Potato virus Y (PVY) does not have homologs apart from other VPgs. Since VPg is indispensable for the potyvirus life cycle, it appeared a good candidate for eliciting pathogen-derived resistance to PVY. Following agroinfection used to obtain PVY VPg-transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants, only few transgenic seeds were recovered giving rise to six transgenic plants that contained the VPg gene with the correct sequence. They generated VPg mRNA, but VPg protein was not detected. Some plants were immune to PVY infection suggesting post-transcriptional gene silencing. However, the likely PVY VPg toxicity exerted at an early stage of transformed seeds development precludes its use for engineering pathogen-derived resistance.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2011, 58, 3; 349-353
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zn-induced ROS and RNS metabolism alterations in plants with modulated senescence via cytokinin level
Autorzy:
Prochazkova, D.
Haisel, D.
Pavlikova, D.
Schnablova, R.
Szakova, J.
Vytasek, R.
Wilhelmova, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81119.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
premature senescence
plant life
abiotic stress
reactive oxygen species
senescence
cytokinin
transgenic plant
transgenic tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
chlorophyll content
nitrotyrosine
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 2
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Field performance of transgenic clones obtained from potato cv.Irga
Autorzy:
Flis, B
Zimnoch-Guzowska, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2043151.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Solanum tuberosum
genetic transformation
Irga cultivar
field performance
transgenic plant
mutagenesis
potato virus Y
potato breeding
genome
growth
tuber
DNA
transgenic potato
Źródło:
Journal of Applied Genetics; 2000, 41, 2
1234-1983
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Applied Genetics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transgenic callus culture establishment, a tool for metabolic engineering of Rhodiola rosea L.
Zakładanie hodowli kalusowej jako narzędzie w inżynierii metabolicznej Rhodiola rosea L.
Autorzy:
Mirmazloum, I.
Forgács, I.
Zok, A.
Pedryc, A.
György, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542965.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie
Tematy:
transgenic culture
callus culture
establishment
metabolic engineering
Rhodiola rosea
roseroot
Opis:
Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pTd33) strain carrying uidA (GUS) reporter gene was used in model experiments on roseroot callus transformation. The T-DNA of pTd33 binary vector plasmid harbors nptII gene conferring resistance to kanamycin, and a uidA reporter gene, encodes the ß-glucuronidase enzyme. Roseroot seeds were sterilized and germinated on half strength MS media of which 70% germinated without any pretreatment. Calli were obtained from leaf segments of the in vitro grown seedlings. Calli was grown on solid MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l⁻¹ NAA and 0.5 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Different types of calli were obtained of which the green and compact type was chosen for transformation experiments. After co-cultivation with agrobacteria, calli were transferred to the same medium supplemented with 20 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin, 200 mg l⁻¹ carbenicillin and 300 mg l⁻¹ claforan with antioxidants (Polyclar and DTE) for selection. GUS test using a titron buffer was applied for monitoring the transformation of the calli. DNAs of 20 individual samples was extracted and subjected for PCR analysis proved the stable transformation in all of the taken samples by amplifying the nptII gene fragment. The method introduced here can be a tool for inserting and over-expressing the genes encoding for hypothesized enzymes to be involved in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important bioactive molecules of roseroot and therefore facilitating the applications for callus culture of roseroot in different bioreactor systems for pharmaceutical productions.
Szczep Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 (pTd33) przenoszący gen reporterowy uidA (GUS) został użyty w modelowych doświadczeniach nad transformacją kalusa różeńca górskiego. T-DNA z plazmidy wektora binarnego pTd33 mieści w sobie gen nptII przekazujący odorność kanamycynie, natomiast gen reporterowy uidA koduje enzym ȕ-glukuronidazy. Nasiona korzenia różeńca gorskiego wysterylizowano i poddano kiełkowaniu na połowie zestawu pożywki MS. Spośród nich 70% wykiełkowało bez żadnego wcześniejszego zabiegu. Kalusy otrzymano z segmentów liści sadzonek wyrosłych in vitro. Kalusy wyhodowano na stałej pożywce MS z dodatkiem 1 mg l⁻¹ NAA oraz 0,5 mg l⁻¹ BAP. Uzyskano różne typy kalusa, z których typ zielony i zwarty zostaá wybrany do doświadczeĔ dotyczących transformacji. Po wspólnej hodowli z agrobakteriami kalusy byáy przeniesione to tej samej pożywki uzupełnionej 20 mg l⁻¹ kanamycyny, 200 mg l⁻¹ karbenicyliny oraz 300 mg l⁻¹ klaforanu z przeciwutleniaczami (Polyclar i DTE) do selekcji. Zastosowano test GUS przy użyciu bufora trytronowego do monitorowania kalusów. Wyodrębniono 20 indywidualnych próbek DNA i poddano je analizie PCR, która wykazała stabilną transformację we wszystkich próbkach poprzez amplifikowanie fragmentu genu nptII. Metoda przedstawiona tutaj może być narzędziem insercji i ekspresji kodowania genów do hipotetycznych enzymów, które mają brać udział w biosyntezie ważnych z punku widzenia farmaceutycznego molekuł różeca górskiego, co ułatwi zastosowanie hodowli kalusów różeńca górskiego w różnych systemach bioreaktorów w produkcji farmaceutycznej.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus; 2014, 13, 4; 95-106
1644-0692
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Primordial germ cells ( PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens
Autorzy:
Chojnacka-Puchta, L.
Kasperczyk, K.
Plucienniczak, G.
Sawicka, D.
Bednarczyk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32300.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
primordial germ cell
transgenic animal
chicken
transgene expression
bioreactor
ovalbumin
Opis:
The transgenic chicken has great potential as a bioreactor for the production of valuable pharmaceutical proteins, notably in the oviduct/egg. Whereas conventional transgenic approaches have significant limitations in this species, an alternative approach employing primordial germ cells (PGCs), the progenitor cells to ova and spermatozoa, has now been successfully applied to the insertion of exogenous genes into birds. Recent developments in manipulating avian embryos make it possible to produce germline chimeras derived from transferred PGCs. In this review we describe the migration pathway of chicken PGCs during early development. We then summarize different methods for the isolation of PGCs and the diversity of techniques used to introduce genes into these cells. Finally, we describe an in vitro assay for testing tissue-specific vectors designed to express heterologous proteins in transgenic chickens.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2012, 15, 1
1505-1773
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production of functional transgenic mice by DNA pronuclear microinjection.
Autorzy:
Auerbach, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
functional transgenics
transgenic mouse production
transgenesis
transgene random integration
pronuclear microinjection
Opis:
Successful experiments involving the production of transgenic mice by pronuclear microinjection are currently limited by low efficiency of random transgene integration into the mouse genome. Furthermore, not all transgenic mice express integrated transgenes, or in other words are effective as functional transgenic mice expressing the desired product of the transgene, thus allowing accomplishment of the ultimate experimental goal - in vivo analysis of the function of the gene or gene network. The purpose of this review is to look at the current state of transgenic technology, utilizing a pronuclear microinjection method as the most accepted way of gene transfer into the mouse genome.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2004, 51, 1; 9-31
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Expression of a constitutively active mutant of heat shock factor 1 under the control of testis-specific hst70 gene promoter in transgenic mice induces degeneration of seminiferous epithelium.
Autorzy:
Widłak, Wiesława
Benedyk, Konrad
Vydra, Natallia
Głowala, Magdalena
Ścieglińska, Dorota
Małusecka, Ewa
Nakai, Akira
Krawczyk, Zdzisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1043633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Biochemiczne
Tematy:
spermatogenesis
hst70 heat shock gene
transgenic mouse
apoptosis
HSF1
Opis:
Heat shock activates in somatic cells a set of genes encoding heat shock proteins which function as molecular chaperones. The basic mechanism by which these genes are activated is the interaction of the specific transcription factor HSF1 with a regulatory DNA sequence called heat shock element (HSE). In higher eukaryotes HSF1 is present in unstressed cells as inactive monomers which, in response to cellular stress, aggregate into transcriptionally competent homotrimers. In the present paper we showed that the expression of a transgene encoding mutated constitutively active HSF1 placed under the control of a spermatocyte-specific promoter derived from the hst70 gene severely affects spermatogenesis. We found the testes of transgenic mice to be significantly smaller than those of wild-type males and histological analysis showed massive degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. The lumen of tubules was devoid of spermatids and spermatozoa and using the TUNEL method we demonstrated a high rate of spermatocyte apoptosis. The molecular mechanism by which constitutively active HSF1 arrests spermatogenesis is not known so far. One can assume that HSF1 can either induce or repress so far unknown target genes involved in germ cell apoptosis.
Źródło:
Acta Biochimica Polonica; 2003, 50, 2; 535-541
0001-527X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Biochimica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected aspects of biotechnology in horticulture – protection of genetically modified plants
Autorzy:
Dawidowicz, Luiza
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178938.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
GMO in horticulture
GMO plant protection
plant genetic modification
transgenic plants
Opis:
Before discovering methods of genetic transformation, people had to improve the quality of plants by artificial selection and crossing. Nowadays, these actions have been taken up by genetic engineering which requires significantly less time to achieve the expected features. Genetically modified are mostly plants of great economic value. Changing the genome is expected to result in obtaining a plant with desired features. The most common modifications are: 1. Resistance to crop protection chemicals. Giving the plant the resistance to the herbicide allows for its farming without the risk of damaging the crop. The modified plants have either completely new or additional copies of an already present gene responsible for synthesizing enzymes decomposing herbicides. A plant able to decompose herbicides becomes resistant to them. 2. Resistance to diseases caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria. It may be acquired by introducing a transgene encoding the enzymes destroying the pathogens’ cell wall. Another transformed gene encodes osmotin – a protein associating with the pathogen’s cell membrane, causing its destruction. Resistance to viruses is acquired by introducing genes which encode the proteins of the virus’ capsid and its enzymes. The presence of these proteins results in a milder infection caused by this virus or significantly delayed onset of the disease’s symptoms. 3. Resistance to pests – insects. The Bt gene responsible for such resistance is obtained from a soil bacteria Bacillus thuringensis. The gene encodes a specific protein – Cry – which is toxic to insects. The pest dies after consuming the plant’s cells. Currently, contrary to popular opinion, the range of genetically modified crops is rather small. In Europe, only two genetically modified plants have been allowed for use: MON 810 corn (Monsanto) and Amflora potato (BASF). However, genetic modifications of plant aimed at improving their protection against pathogens or their tolerance to plant protection chemicals give various positive results. Resistance to herbicides results in, among others: less strict rules concerning time of application, lower number of uses needed since both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds are destroyed, environment protection by reduced use of the active agent, reduction of production cost by limited expenses on herbicides. Also, implanting the plants with resistance to fungi, viruses and bacteria, as well as to pests, result in economic, environmental and health profits. Thus, there is need for continued research in the use and protection of genetically modified plants.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2017, 89; 294-298
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Response to cadmium depends on iron-status
Autorzy:
Tracz, K.
Schmidt, H.
Clemens, S.
Antosiewicz, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
conference
cadmium
tomato plant
nicotianamine synthase
transgenic plant
iron-deficient condition
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2013, 94, 2
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 35

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