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Wyszukujesz frazę "traction power" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Improving the quality of voltage in the system of traction power supply of direct current
Autorzy:
Sychenko, V. G.
Bosiy, D. O.
Kosarev, E. M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223609.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
traction power supply
direct current
voltage quality
traction network force
operation modes
zasilanie trakcji
prąd stały
jakość napięcia
tryby pracy
Opis:
Purpose of the work is improved approaches to ensure the required quality parameters of voltage in the traction network based on modern technologies and equipment in the application of power distribution system. Actuality. The introduction of high-speed traffic, increase weight standards Train necessitates increasing the carrying capacity of railways. Often the carrying capacity of existing sections electrified at 3.0 kV DC power supply unit limits. Such limitations include voltage decrease on the electric current collector below the allowable value for the normal operation of 2700 (2900 for high-speed V) and heating the contact wires, thereby losing their mechanical strength. Existing power supply system of RS, which have considerable installed traction substations, can not provide the required level of power density traction network for high-speed movement within 1.5 - 2 MW / km and, respectively, the required voltage quality. At the same time, the daily loading of a powerful traction substations in providing intensive schedule of trains does not exceed 20-25%, while the energy loss in traction network peak load increases and reaches 10-15% of the energy consumed. Thus, the existing system of power traction networks is not sufficiently effective and economical, even with the application of existing methods to strengthen them. In our view, the main limiting factor for a given quality of voltage in the traction network is the use of centralized power. From this, the development of measures to improve the quality of voltage in the traction network in the implementation of high-speed traffic in a growing scarcity of energy resources is an urgent task. Scientific novelty. Using distributed power supply system with adjustable supply points combined into intelligent power supply, which enables adaptive change the characteristics of the transfer, conversion and consumption and optimize the mode of functioning of the traction power supply is suggested for improving the quality of voltage in the traction network in the implementation of high-speed and heavy traffic. Practical significance. Improving the quality of voltage in the traction network by using the proposed circuit design traction power supply will ensure the desired mode voltage and power characteristics of the traction network in the implementation of high-speed and heavy traffic while reducing electricity losses by 20-30%.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2015, 35, 3; 63-70
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic rating method of traction network based on wind speed prediction
Autorzy:
Su, Zhaoux
Tian, Mingxing
Sun, Lijun
Zhang, Ruopeng
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
dynamic thermal rating
IEEE-738
short-term emergency dispatch
time series model
traction power supply
wind speed prediction
Opis:
The operating temperature of the transmission line in the traction network is affected by geographical and climatic factors, especially the wind speed. To make better use of the thermal stability transmission capacity of the traction power supply system in improving the short-term emergency transmission capacity, the dynamic rating technology is introduced into the traction power supply system. According to the time-varying characteristics of the actual wind speed, a dynamic rating method of the traction network based on wind speed prediction is proposed and constructed. Based on the time series model in predicting the wind speed series along the corridor of the traction network, the temperature curve of each transmission line under different currents is calculated by combining it with the heat balance equation of an IEEE-738 capacity expansion model, thus the relationship between the peak operating temperature and current of each transmission line in the prediction period is obtained. According to the current distribution coefficient, the capacity increase limit of the traction network is determined. The example shows that the proposed dynamic rating method based on wind speed prediction is an effective method to predict the short-term safe capacity increase limit of the traction network, which can increase the comprehensive capacity of the traction network by about 45% in the next six hours, and the capacity increase effect is obvious, which can provide reference and technical support for short-term emergency dispatching of traction power supply dispatching centres.
Źródło:
Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2022, 71, 2; 379--395
1427-4221
2300-2506
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Electrical Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Efficiency of energy storage control in the electric transport systems
Autorzy:
Sablin, Oleg
Bosyi, Dmytro
Kuznetsov, Valeriy
Lewczuk, Konrad
Kebal, Ivan
Myamlin, Sergiy S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173928.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
energy storage
transport
charge process
discharge
traction power supply
simulation
Duamel integral
magazynowanie energii
ładowanie
rozładowanie
zasilanie trakcyjne
symulacja
Opis:
The problems of storage and supplying the energy, together with reducing energy intensity for transport, are now crucial for developing sustainable and reliable transport systems. The energy network must be gradually adapted to new loads and power consumption patterns, especially in railways. The article aims to develop the simulation model to investigate the energy storage systems in its use in the electric transport infrastructure. The authors review selected technical solutions for electric energy storage in transport. The theoretical aspects of energy exchange in the energy storage systems were presented as a base for a continuous simulation model of electric transport power supply. In the non-periodic random voltage input applied to the storage unit, it is proposed to use the calculation method based on the Duamel integral to analyze its charge-discharge processes. The resistance functions were applied to analyze the traction power supply mode with variable in time and space by active loads. The simulation showed that the direct connection of the unit to the traction network significantly reduces the traction energy consumption.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2022, 62, 2; 105--122
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Traction power supply with three paralleled single phase voltage source inverters
Autorzy:
Płatek, Tadeusz
Osypinski, Tomasz
Chłodnicki, Zdziaław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
asymmetrical regular sampled PWM
voltage source inverters
traction power supply
active front end
falownik źródła napięcia
PWM
zasilanie trakcyjne
front-end aktywny
Opis:
Installation and operation of rail vehicles powered by multiple system voltages forces the construction of multi-system traction substation. The article describes a traction substation power supply with 15 kV output voltage and frequency Hz and 25 kV at 50 Hz. The topology of the power electronics system and the control structure of the power supply enables parallel connection of several power supplies. The selected topology and control structure ensures minimizing the rms value of the LCRL filter capacitor current used at the output of the inverters. The article analyses the influence of harmonics consumed by the active front end (AFE) rectifier used in traction vehicles on the rms current of the LCRL filter capacitor.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; e136733, 1--13
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Traction power supply with three paralleled single phase voltage source inverters
Autorzy:
Płatek, Tadeusz
Osypinski, Tomasz
Chłodnicki, Zdziaław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2173607.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
asymmetrical regular sampled PWM
voltage source inverters
traction power supply
active front end
falownik źródła napięcia
PWM
zasilanie trakcyjne
front-end aktywny
Opis:
Installation and operation of rail vehicles powered by multiple system voltages forces the construction of multi-system traction substation. The article describes a traction substation power supply with 15 kV output voltage and frequency Hz and 25 kV at 50 Hz. The topology of the power electronics system and the control structure of the power supply enables parallel connection of several power supplies. The selected topology and control structure ensures minimizing the rms value of the LCRL filter capacitor current used at the output of the inverters. The article analyses the influence of harmonics consumed by the active front end (AFE) rectifier used in traction vehicles on the rms current of the LCRL filter capacitor.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2021, 69, 2; art. no. e136733
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intelligent technologies for efficient power supply in transport systems
Autorzy:
Bosyi, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/375134.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
electric transport
energy efficiency
traction power supply
intellectual control
energy recovery
electric vehicles
interoperability
transport elektryczny
efektywność energetyczna
zasilanie trakcji
sterowanie inteligentne
odzyskiwanie energii
pojazdy elektryczne
współdziałanie
Opis:
The main directions of development of the energy-saving technologies in electrified transport systems are considered in the article with taking into account the flexible regulating features of modern power equipment. The proposed theory and principles of functioning allow understanding the optimal control laws for converters, accumulators, and renewable energy sources in their integration into traction power supply systems. Research opens the possibility of the installed power of the required equipment in minimizing and reducing the capital costs for energy-saving technologies. Also, combination of all developed approaches will provide the system effect.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2017, T. 12, z. spec.; 57-70
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analyse of the challenges for safe transition from individual intraoperable railway systems to the single European interoperable railway system
Analiza wyzwań dla bezpiecznego przejścia od indywidualnych intraoperacyjnych krajowych systemów kolejowych do jednego europejskiego interoperacyjnego systemu kolei
Autorzy:
Pawlik, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/231150.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
kolej
interoperacyjność
intraoperacyjność
droga kolejowa
zasilanie trakcyjne
sterowanie
kontrola jazdy
akceptacja wzajemna
bezpieczeństwo
railway system
interoperability
intraoperability
railway civil engineering
traction power supply
control command
signaling
cross-acceptance
safety
Opis:
Due to different reasons a significant modal shift from railway to road transport took place over last decades. The basic reasons are pointed in the paper introduction together with contradicting transport policy taking into account environmental and economical challenges. Political vision to stimulate modal shift from road and air to railway cannot become true without achieving railway technical and operational interoperability. Paper describes wide range of technical barriers between individual intraoperable railway systems in civil engineering structures, traction power supply, control command and signalling and the ways, which are being applied to ensure stepwise converging of the technical solutions taking into account safety and technical compatibility, as well as other essential requirements, namely: reliability, accessibility, health and environment.
Europejska polityka transportowa od dwudziestu już lat zakłada secesję kolei jako ekonomicznie i środowiskowo cennego środka transportu. Tak się jednak nie dzieje, więc pytanie o przyczyny jest jak najbardziej zasadne. Artykuł wychodzi od powodów i uwarunkowań szybkiego rozwoju kolei w pierwszej połowie dwudziestego wieku by pokazać praprzyczyny dzisiejszego braku konkurencyjności kolei oraz wyzwania i rozwiązania proponowane i stosowane dla właściwego uwzględnienia kolei w zrównoważonym systemie transportu w Unii Europejskiej.
Źródło:
Archives of Civil Engineering; 2016, 62, 4/II; 169-180
1230-2945
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Civil Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of traction properties and power of wheels used on various agricultural soils
Analiza właściwości trakcyjnych oraz mocy kół eksploatowanych na różnych podłożach rolniczych
Autorzy:
Czarnecki, Jarosław
Brennensthul, Marek
Białczyk, Włodzimierz
Ptak, Weronika
Gil, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/93888.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
farm tractor
traction
towing power
traction efficiency
power
ciągnik rolniczy
trakcja
siła uciągu
sprawność trakcyjna
moc
Opis:
The paper presents results of the research on traction properties of two tractor tyres used on two agricultural grounds. The first ground was a stubble and the second one cropland. The investigated tyres had the same structure (diagonal, with a traditional tyre tread but different external dimensions. The research was carried out in field conditions with the use of a stand aggregated with a farm tractor. Analysis covered traction efficiency, slide, towing power and power lost on the rolling resistance and wheel slide. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that on a ground with lower compaction, the values of power losses were higher and traction efficiency was lower. Moreover, it was proved that the value of the power lost for rolling resistance had a decisive impact on the values of traction efficiency.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości trakcyjnych dwóch opon ciągnikowych eksploatowanych na dwóch podłożach rolniczych. Pierwszym podłożem było ściernisko, natomiast drugim gleba uprawna. Badane opony posiadały taka samą konstrukcję (diagonalne, o klasycznej rzeźbie bieżnika), lecz odmienne wymiary zewnętrzne. Badania przeprowadzono warunkach polowych z wykorzystaniem stanowiska agregatowanego z ciągnikiem rolniczym. Analizowanymi właściwościami były sprawność trakcyjna, poślizg, moc uciągu oraz moce tracone na opór przetaczania i poślizg koła. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że na podłożu o mniejszej zwięzłości wartości strat mocy były wyższe, a sprawność trakcyjna niższa. Ponadto wykazano, że wartość mocy traconej na opór przetaczania miała dominujący wpływ na wartości sprawności trakcyjnej.
Źródło:
Agricultural Engineering; 2019, 23, 1; 13-23
2083-1587
Pojawia się w:
Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Developments of power quality studies in electric transportation system
Autorzy:
Burchi, G.
Foiadelli, F.
Zaninelli, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/262769.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie
Tematy:
power quality
electric transportation
traction converter
probabilistic methods
Opis:
The paper deals with the update studies on Power Quality for electric traction systems. Probabilistic methods of analysis are presented both for the supply lines and the rolling stocks. Simulation software tools are created for disturbance propagation studies and examples of application are reported with reference to the Italian railway case.
Źródło:
Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Journal; 2005, 11, 2; 107-112
1896-4672
Pojawia się w:
Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of damage to medium and low voltage cable lines in tram traction stations – maintenance experience
Autorzy:
Adamkiewicz, A.
Haraburda, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/359832.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Morska w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo AMSz
Tematy:
power cables
tram traction networks
damage to cable lines
Opis:
The article discusses the problem of damage to the traction cables of medium and low voltage systems for DC tram traction power devices. It presents types and mechanisms of damage to various types of cables and compares a number of failures. Some chosen particularly interesting cases have been discussed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie; 2014, 38 (110); 5-9
1733-8670
2392-0378
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The method for increasing the efficiency of equipment’s maintenance in railway traction power supply systems
Autorzy:
Matusevych, O.
Kuznetsov, V.
Sychenko, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/223664.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
railway traction
power systems
efficiency
maintenance equipments
traction substation
trakcja kolejowa
systemy zasilania
wydajność
konserwacja urządzeń
Opis:
Purpose. To develop the method for increasing the efficiency of the equipment’s maintenance and repair system, ensuring necessary level of operational reliability of the equipment, safety and reliability of the electric equipment with minimal expenses on operation. Relevance. Aging of the power equipment in railway power supply systems sharply raised a need for assessment of its states and degree of risk for operation outside rated service life. In critical conditions of technological processes and operational modes of the railways it is necessary to increase the equipment’s operational reliability. The scheduled maintenance and repair system whose main technical and economic criterion is the minimum of equipment’s downtimes on the basis of a rigid regulation of repair cycles, in the conditions of market regulations in the field of repair in many cases does not provide the optimal decisions due to insufficient financing. The solution of this problem is possible by improvement of the maintenance and repair system. Under these conditions the main direction for supporting the operational reliability of power electric equipment on TS is a development of the modern methods based on individual supervision over real changes of technical condition of power equipment. Scientific novelty. In this article the authors proposed an integrated approach, on the basis of which can be developed the effective maintenance and repair system for traction power supply systems. Proposed approach allowed to react quickly to changes of service conditions on traction substations, to control the technical condition of power electric equipment under the conditions of uncertainty, to establish interrelation between quality of service and operational reliability of the equipment, to choose a service strategy on traction substations. Practical importance. The validity of the developed method was confirmed by the results of calculations and practically by choosing the optimal maintenance's option for transformer TDTN-25000/150-70 U1 (ТДТН-25000/150-70 У1) on traction power supply substation.
Źródło:
Archives of Transport; 2018, 47, 3; 39-47
0866-9546
2300-8830
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Transport
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling of the controlled traction power supply system in the space-time coordinates
Autorzy:
Bosyi, D.
Kosariev, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/375339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
electric traction
power supply
controlling
modeling
space-time
voltage stabilization
Opis:
The problems of the traction power supply system calculation are considered in the article. The authors proposed the space-time model, which is based on the analytical functions of the current- and voltage-drop distributions in the contact network. The usage of the proposed model is shown for the control law calculation both to stabilize the voltage at the pantographs of the electric rolling stocks and to reduce the power losses.
Źródło:
Transport Problems; 2017, 12, 3; 5-19
1896-0596
2300-861X
Pojawia się w:
Transport Problems
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reactive power compensation for non-traction railway consumers
Autorzy:
Mukha, Andrii M.
Bondar, Oleh I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215138.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Kolejnictwa
Tematy:
non-traction consumer
power factor corrector
reactive power compensator
graph of electric network
nodal analysis
Opis:
This paper deals with the problems of power supply efficiency for non-traction railway customers. Unlike public distribution networks, the non-traction power supply network is within the zone of influence of electromagnetic fields and the conductive influence of the distorted traction current. As a result, poor power quality and additional losses are typical for non-traction railway networks. Subsequently, conflicts due to the low quality of electricity may arise between the railway and its customers powered by the distribution networks of the railway. The influence of a reactive power compensation device on the voltage drop in a non-traction power line is investigated in the article. The implementation of reactive power compensation allows voltage losses during its transmission to the final consumer to be reduced by almost 5% and electricity losses by 3%.
Źródło:
Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2020, 188; 129-135
0552-2145
2544-9451
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Kolejnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the power transmission in the tractor wheel-farming ground system
Analiza strumienia mocy w układzie koło ciągnika-podłoża rolnicze
Autorzy:
Brennensthul, M.
Białczyk, W.
Cudzik, A.
Czarnecki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/94081.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej
Tematy:
tractor
tyre
traction efficiency
drawbar power
rolling resistance
power
ciągnik
opona
sprawność trakcyjna
poślizg
opór przetaczania
moc
Opis:
The paper presents results of the research on the power transmission from the tractor wheel onto the grounds with different properties. The research was carried out in field conditions with the use of a stand aggregated with a farm tractor. Firstly, an initial evaluation of tractive properties was carried out by determination of the traction force and efficiency. In the fundamental part of the research values of the useful power (drawbar power), power lost to the rolling resistance and the power lost to the wheel slip were determined. A vertical load of a wheel, except for the ground type, was an additional factor. Based on the obtained results, it was proved that a wheel used on soil had higher values of the traction force but lower tractive efficiency in comparison to the values obtained on sod. Analysis of the power transmission proved that these differences result from higher power losses related to the rolling resistance of a wheel used on soil. Moreover, it was proved that the increase of the vertical wheel load favours the improvement of traction properties (increase in the tractive efficiency and the drawbar power shares) only in case of a wheel exploited on sod.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące transmisji mocy z koła ciągnika rolniczego na podłoża o różnych właściwościach. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach polowych z wykorzystaniem stanowiska badawczego agregatowanego z ciągnikiem rolniczym. W pierwszej kolejności dokonano wstępnej oceny właściwości trakcyjnych poprzez wyznaczenie siły trakcyjnej i sprawności trakcyjnej. W zasadniczej części badań wyznaczono wartości mocy użytecznej (uciągu), mocy traconej na opór przetaczania oraz mocy traconej na poślizg koła. Dodatkowym czynnikiem, oprócz rodzaju podłoża, było obciążenie pionowe koła. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wykazano, że koło eksploatowane na glebie odznaczało się wyższymi wartościami siły trakcyjnej lecz niższą sprawnością trakcyjną w porównaniu do wartości uzyskiwanych na darni. Analiza strumienia mocy wykazała, że przyczyną tych różnic były większe straty mocy związanej z oporem przetaczania koła eksploatowanego na glebie. Ponadto wykazano, że zwiększanie pionowego obciążenia koła sprzyja poprawie właściwości trakcyjnych (wzrost sprawności trakcyjnej i udziału mocy uciągu) jedynie w przypadku koła eksploatowanego na darni.
Źródło:
Agricultural Engineering; 2015, 19, 4; 15-24
2083-1587
Pojawia się w:
Agricultural Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Increasing power supply efficiency for “two wire-rail” line consumers
Autorzy:
Bosyi, Dmytro O.
Zemskyi, Denys R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215100.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Kolejnictwa
Tematy:
non-traction customers
two wire-rail line
phase coordinates
AC railway
power quality
Opis:
The article is devoted to the problem of non-traction consumers power supply of AC railways. Th e low efficiency of energy transfer is caused by the design of a non-traction power supply line. Th e absence of bilateral power is typical for non-traction network 27,5 kV which consist of “two wire-rail” lines. This line is outdated technology, which does not correspond to modern requirements on the power quality, but used on AC railways with three-phase traction transformers. The purpose of the article is to investigate the methods of power supply improvements for non-traction consumers in terms of voltage unbalance, harmonic distortions and energy losses. Connection of the phasing device to delta winding traction transformer for bilateral supplying non-traction customers from network 27,5 kV is suggested in the article. The implementation of a method to increase the efficiency of electricity transmission in the non-traction network power supply allows to reduce power losses from 720 MWh / year to 441 MWh / year, the voltage unbalance from 1,9% to 1,3% and the total harmonic distortion from 8 % to 6 % respectively. Additionally, investment attractiveness of the decision was evaluated.
Źródło:
Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2020, 188; 93-102
0552-2145
2544-9451
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Kolejnictwa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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