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    Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7
    Tytuł:
    Contribution to Deoxidation of Austenitic Steels in a Vacuum Induction Furnace with Carbon
    Autorzy:
    Šenberger, J.
    Pernica, V.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379906.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    vacuum induction furnace
    deoxidation
    carbon
    austenitic steel
    petrochemistry
    oxygen activity
    total oxygen
    próżniowy piec indukcyjny
    odtlenianie
    węgiel
    staliwo austenityczne
    petrochemia
    aktywność tlenu
    Opis:
    Deoxidation of steel with carbon under reduced pressure is often used for increasing the steel purity. Suitable units for this purpose in foundries are vacuum induction furnaces. Possibilities of increasing the steel purity by deoxidation with carbon in the vacuum induction furnace were studied for the steel for the petrochemistry of specific composition 25Cr/35Ni. The charge composed of the return material only was melted in the air. During melting the charge oxidized and the oxidizing slag formed. Chemical composition of steel, morphology, chemical composition of inclusions in the steel and chemical composition of slag after vacuuming were studied on the basis of samples taken before and after vacuuming. Temperature and oxygen activity were measured before and after vacuuming. Globular inclusions with dominant content of silicon and manganese were observed in steel before and after vacuuming. Contents of total oxygen in steel didn’t change significantly during vacuuming. On the basis of composition of inclusions and measured oxygen activity the activity of Cr2O3 in inclusions was calculated. A slag sample was taken after vacuuming and equilibrium oxygen activity in steel with regard to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was estimated from the slag composition. Equilibrium oxygen activity in relation to the Cr2O3 content in the slag was higher than equilibrium activity measured in the steel. For this reason it is not possible, under the studied conditions, to decrease oxygen content in steel during vacuuming.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 105-109
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Assessment of the water quality from hand dug wells and boreholes water in Rogo Local Government Kano State, Nigeria
    Autorzy:
    Getso, Balarabe Usman
    Tijjani, Aisha
    Ahmad, Mani
    Mustapha, Adamu
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177450.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
    Tematy:
    Dissolved Oxygen
    total acidity
    total hardness
    water pollution
    water quality
    Opis:
    Water quality analysis was conducted using physico chemical and biological parameters on water samples collected from boreholes (B1, B2, B3 and B4) and hand dug wells (W1, W2, W3 and W4) eight wards Rogo Town, Kano Sate, Nigeria in order to determine its suitability for drinking in enriched in WHO standards for drinking water. Fourteen (14) water quality parameters, namely pH, temperature, total alkalanity, total acidicity, dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total coliform, odour, taste, color, clarity, total hardness calcium (Ca),and magnesium (Mg). Results obtained showed that the mean pH readings ranges from 6.2 – 6.6 and temperature of the sample ranges from 24° C – 27° C. Total alkalinity ranges from 63-80mg/l, total acidity showed a great variation between the hand dug wells and borehole samples. DO concentrations of hand dug wells were less than that of boreholes and did not meet the WHO unit (5 -14 mg/l). The BOD5 of both boreholes and hand dug wells water sample were within the WHO standard (2 – 4 mg/l) for drinking, except borehole water sample from B4 with BOD value of 1.9. The water samples from both sources were odorless, colorless, tasteless and clear for consumption.
    Źródło:
    World Scientific News; 2018, 103; 242-249
    2392-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    World Scientific News
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Analysis of the Amount of Pollutants in Wastewater after Mechanical Treatment in the Aspect of their Susceptibility to Biodegradation in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ
    Autorzy:
    Nowobilska-Majewska, Elwira
    Bugajski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    wastewater
    biodegradability
    mechanical treatment
    BOD5
    COD
    chemical oxygen demand
    biochemical oxygen demand
    total nitrogen
    total phosphorus
    Opis:
    The aim of this study was to determine the biodegradability of organic and biogenic contaminants in wastewater flowing into biological reactors in the treatment plant in Nowy Targ. The research period covered the years 2016 and 2017, when 87 samples of raw wastewater and 87 samples of wastewater after mechanical treatment were collected and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. In both types of wastewater, the size of the following indicators was analyzed: BOD5, COD, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The study verified the amount of pollutants in the raw wastewater in order to determine whether they are household wastewater. In the next stage of the analysis, the characteristic values of the analyzed indicators in wastewater after the mechanical treatment process were determined in order to indicate mutual dependences of organic and biogenic indicators. Based on the analysis, it was found that wastewater after mechanical treatment (in the case of its susceptibility to biological decomposition processes of organic pollutants) has an unfavorable COD/BOD5 ratio. With regard to the susceptibility of wastewater to nitrification, denitrification and dephosphatation processes, in the majority of cases, wastewater is susceptible to these processes. It is recommended to apply an additional source of organic carbon to wastewater prior to biological treatment in order to improve the biodegradation of the analyzed pollutants.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 8; 135-143
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical modelling by convection-diffusion with reaction of organic pollution in the wadi Mouillah stream, north-western Algeria
    Autorzy:
    Benadda, Lotfi
    Djelita, Belkheir
    Chiboub-Fellah, Abdelghani
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174337.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    biochemical oxygen demand
    BOD5
    diffusion
    Hammam Boughrara dam
    mathematical modelling
    pollution
    total phosphorus
    wadi Mouillah
    Opis:
    This work describes the behaviour of organic pollutants along the wadi Mouillah watercourse and its main tributaries and their impacts on the Hammam Boughrara dam, located in the NW of Algeria, in the Wilaya of Tlemcen. The use of a database relating to physico-chemical, biotic and hydrological variables, covering the period from January 2006 to December 2009, contributed to the understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of each variable. The application of a mathematical model of the diffusion by convection-dispersion with a reaction on two characteristic parameters of organic pollution, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) which records values above the norm, with peaks that can reach 614%, and total phosphorus (Ptot), which the concentration is always higher with maxima reaching 53 mg∙dm-3 favouring eutrophication; this made it possible with precision to synthesise the propagation of pollutants in the liquid mass. The results obtained on the waters of Wadi Mouillah are therefore of poor quality; there is a need to set up a rigorous water quality monitoring system, with water treatment and decontamination devices to preserve the water resources. This will allow to contribute to better management of water quality in terms of combating the spread of pollution. Therefore, they can be used to support decisions in the context of sustainable development.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Water and Land Development; 2022, 54; 26--37
    1429-7426
    2083-4535
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Water and Land Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Performance prediction and control for wastewater treatment plants using artificial neural network modeling of mechanical and biological treatment
    Autorzy:
    Alnajjar, Hussein Y.H.
    Üçüncü, Osman
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311558.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    artificial neural network
    wastewater treatment
    total phosphorus
    total nitrogen
    biological oxygen demand
    sztuczna sieć neuronowa
    oczyszczanie ścieków
    fosfor całkowity
    azot całkowity
    zapotrzebowanie na tlen
    Opis:
    Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants appears to be one of the most crucial factors in water quality management and planning. Though, measuring this important factor is challenging, and obtaining reliable results requires signifi cant eff ort. However, the use of artifi cial neural network (ANN) modeling can help to more reliably and cost-effectively monitor the pollutant characteristics of wastewater treatment plants and regulate the processing of these pollutants. To create an artifi cial neural network model, a study of the Samsun Eastern Advanced Biological WWTP was carried out. It provides a laboratory simulation and prediction option for flexible treatment process simulations. The models were created to forecast influent features that would affect effluent quality metrics. For ANN models, the correlation coefficients R-TRAINING and R-ALL are more than 0.8080. The MSE, RMSE, and MAPE were less than 0.8704. The model’s results showed compliance with the permitted wastewater quality standards set forth in the Turkish water pollution control law for the environment where the treated wastewater is discharged. This is a useful tool for plant management to enhance the quality of the treatment while enhancing the facility’s dependability and efficiency.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2023, 49, 2; 16--29
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Thermal and Alkaline Disintegration of Excess Sludge on Biodegradation
    Autorzy:
    Zawieja, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
    Tematy:
    volatile fatty acids
    excess sludge
    thermal disintegration
    alkaline disintegration
    soluble chemical oxygen demand
    SCOD
    total organic carbon
    TOC
    VFAs
    methane fermentation
    Opis:
    Thermal methods of sludge disintegration can be divided into high temperature (over 100°C) and low temperature (below this temperature). They consist in the supply or removal of thermal energy, contributing to the changes in sludge structure and physicochemical properties. During the chemical disintegration of excess sludge with sodium hydroxide, there is an increase in the pH value, as well as changes in their structure. The OH- ions are highly toxic to the microorganisms living in the excess sludge and affect the decline of biological activity of most microorganisms. The aim of the conducted research was to prove the impact of the thermal and alkaline disintegration of excess sludge on the susceptibility of organic substances to biodegradation. The thermal disintegration of excess sludge was carried out in a shaking water bath, in which the sludge placed in laboratory flasks with an active volume of 0.5 L were heated for a specified period within the scope of the so-called low temperatures, i.e. 65–95 °C. The sludge was heated for a period of 0.5–12 h. The alkaline disintegration of the sludge was carried out with sodium hydroxide in the form of dust at ambient temperature, in sealed plastic bottles with an active volume of 5L, the contents of which were mixed manually every few hours. The regent doses in the range of 0.05–1.3 g NaOH/g VSS and disintegration time 12h were used. As a result of subjecting the excess sludge to disintegration by means of the selected methods, an increase in the concentration of organic substances in the dissolved form in the supernatant liquid was noted. On the basis of the increase in SCOD, TOC value and VFAs concentration, the most favorable modification conditions were determined. As a result of disintegration of the sludge and subsequent methane fermentation, the supporting effects of the applied modification methods were observed, in relation to the conventional methane fermentation of excess sludge.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2019, 20, 10; 172-182
    2299-8993
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Ecological Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Dry Ice Modification of Excess Sludge on the Methane Fermentation Process
    Wpływ modyfikacji osadów nadmiernych suchym lodem na proces fermentacji metanowej
    Autorzy:
    Zawieja, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1813646.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Koszalińska. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    excess sludge
    methane fermentation
    disintegration
    dry ice
    volatile fatty acids
    VFAs
    soluble chemical oxygen demand
    SCOD
    total organic carbon
    TOC
    osady nadmierne
    fermentacja metanowa
    dezintegracja
    suchy lód
    lotne kwasy tłuszczowe
    LKT
    chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen
    ChZT
    ogólny węgiel organiczny
    OWO
    Opis:
    The specific susceptibility of excess sludge to the methane fermentation process is a limiting factor for the rate of reaction occurring in the subsequent stages of the process. The kinetics of biochemical changes during spontaneous methane fermentation phases is directly influenced by the increase in the concentration of dissolved organic substances available to microorganisms in the process. Excess sludge deposition by different disintegration methods, ie: chemical, physical, combined increases the efficiency of the methane fermentation process. Among the modifications mentioned above, the advantages of physical methods, especially of thermal nature, should be emphasized. In addition to the significant modification of the excess sludge structure, it does not cause secondary contamination of the prepared sludge and therefore is a promising technological solution. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dry ice disintegration on the susceptibility of excess sludge to biodegradation. Volatile fatty acids are an important intermediate product in methane fermentation and increased effects of the stabilization process is conditioned by their concentration. Since the phase limiting process is the hydrolysis phase, the first stage of the fermentation, the detailed analysis was carried out in the first eight days of the process by performing physicochemical determinations of the modified sludge. Periodic fermentation was carried out under mesophilic conditions. Excess sludge was prepared with dry ice in a volume ratio of dry ice to excess sludge in range from 0.05L-1 to 0.75L-1. Confirmation of the increased susceptibility of the prepared excess sludge to the methane fermentation process was a modification of the sludge structure expressed by the increase of the disintegration degree. For sludge subjected to disintegration with dry ice, using the most preferred reagent dose, in the following days of the methane fermentation process, in relation to methane fermentation of non-prepared excess sludge, increase of SCOD and TOC values as well as VFAs concentration was noted.
    Specyficzna podatność osadów nadmiernych na proces fermentacji metanowej jest czynnikiem ograniczającym szybkość reakcji zachodzących w kolejnych etapach procesu. Na kinetykę przemian biochemicznych podczas zachodzących samorzutnie faz fermentacji metanowej wpływa bezpośrednio wzrost stężenia rozpuszczonych substancji organicznych dostępnych dla mikroorganizmów procesu. Modyfikacja osadów nadmiernych odmiennymi metodami dezintegracji, tj. chemicznymi, fizycznymi, hybrydowymi zwiększa efektywność procesu fermentacji metanowej. Spośród wymienionych powyżej metod modyfikacji należy podkreślić zalety metod fizycznych, zwłaszcza termicznych. Oprócz istotnej modyfikacji struktury osadów nadmiernych, nie powodują one wtórnego zanieczyszczenia preparowanych osadów i stanowią obiecujące rozwiązanie technologiczne. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu dezintegracji osadów nadmiernych suchym lodem na wzrost podatność na biodegradację. Lotne kwasy tłuszczowe są ważnym produktem pośrednim fermentacji metanu, a zwiększona wydajność procesu stabilizacji zależy od ich stężenia. Ponieważ procesem limitującym fermentacje metanową jest faza hydrolizy, pierwszy etap stabilizacji, dokonano analizy wybranych oznaczeń fizyczno-chemicznych w ciągu pierwszych ośmiu dób procesu fermentacji modyfikowanych osadów Okresową fermentację metanową prowadzono w warunkach mezofilowych. Stworzono mieszaniny suchego lodu i osadów nadmiernych w stosunku objętościowym reagenta do osadów w zakresie od 0,05/1 do 0,75/1. Potwierdzeniem zwiększonej podatności dezintegrowanych osadów nadmiernych na proces fermentacji metanowej był zachodzący proces lizy osadów nadmiernych wyrażony wzrostem stopnia dezintegracji. W przypadku osadów nadmiernych poddanych dezintegracji suchym lodem, przy użyciu najkorzystniejszej dawki reagenta, w kolejnych dobach procesu fermentacji metanowej, w odniesieniu do fermentacji metanowej niepreparowanych osadów nadmiernych, odnotowano wzrost wartości rozpuszczonego chemicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen (ChZT), ogólnego węgla organicznego (OWO) oraz stężenia lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT).
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska; 2018, Tom 20, cz. 1; 558-573
    1506-218X
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-7 z 7

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