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Wyszukujesz frazę "tax avoidance" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
The phenomenon of tax avoidance – the essence, causes and measures (clauses) of prevention in the EU
Autorzy:
Szołno-Koguc, Jolanta
Ołówko, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610687.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
taxation
tax avoidance
BEPS
Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive
Opis:
The problem of tax avoidance in the European Union (EU) has existed since the beginning of the EU internal market and is an important aspect at both the national and international levels. Among the most important reasons for this phenomenon are the inconsistent regulations and solutions applied in the tax systems of individual countries, the diverse and complicated nature of financial instruments and structures, the insufficient cooperation of tax administrations in EU countries or harmful tax competition. This state of affairs causes negative consequences for the budgets of individual countries and discriminates against honest taxpayers, because tax profits derived from tax evasion are invested in a competitive struggle against companies that reliably settle accounts with the tax authorities. The construction of an efficient and effective, yet fully fair tax system in the EU is intended to eliminate or significantly reduce the problem of tax avoidance. This is achieved by the measures currently underway (e.g. the introduction of a directive against tax avoidance or the elaboration by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) regarding the recommendations for local administrations in the field of national tax regulations). This article aims to highlight the importance of the tax avoidance problem and to present selected actions to solve it at both the national and EU levels. The structure of the study has been subordinated to the above, as along with the applied research method, including the analytical and conceptual approach.
The problem of tax avoidance in the European Union (EU) has existed since the beginning of the EU internal market and is an important aspect at both the national and international levels. Among the most important reasons for this phenomenon are the inconsistent regulations and solutions applied in the tax systems of individual countries, the diverse and complicated nature of fiancial instruments and structures, the insufficient cooperation of tax administrations in EU countries or harmful tax competition. This state of affairs causes negative consequences for the budgets of individual countries and discriminates against honest taxpayers, because tax profits derived from tax evasion are invested in a competitive struggle against companies that reliably settle accounts with the tax authorities. The construction of an efficient and effective, yet fully fair tax system in the EU is intended to eliminate or significantly reduce the problem of tax avoidance. This is achieved by the measures currently underway (e.g. the introduction of a directive against tax avoidance or the elaboration by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) regarding the recommendations for local administrations in the field of national tax regulations). This article aims to highlight the importance of the tax avoidance problem and to present selected actions to solve it at both the national and EU levels. The structure of the study has been subordinated to the above, as along with the applied research method, including the analytical and conceptual approach.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2019, 53, 3
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A model of aggressive tax optimization with the use of royalties
Autorzy:
Kutera, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522304.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Multinationals
Royalties
Tax avoidance
Tax optimization
Opis:
Aim/purpose – Today, international capital flows play a leading role in shaping global economic relations and directly impact the budgets of many states. What is of major importance in this process are the differences and legal loopholes in tax systems of individual states, which allow profits to be taxed at the minimum percentage rate. Tax avoidance is particularly popular among corporations operating in global markets, which use various mechanisms for this purpose. The main aim of this article is to present a model of aggressive tax optimization based on the flow of royalties in supranational groups. Design/methodology/approach – The description of the model was preceded by a detailed analysis of transactions concluded between companies in connection with the current tax regulations effective in particular countries. The key tool was an analysis of case studies of tax optimization mechanisms used by the largest multinational corporations, mainly Google, Apple, Facebook and Microsoft. The main source of data consisted in the reports of OECD on this topic, the annual 10-K financial statements filed with the SEC by Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.) and detailed legal regulations on taxing international transactions. Findings – The popular mechanisms of tax avoidance include the skillful use of transfer pricing, fees for intangible services, royalty transfers, establishing offshore companies, the flow of loans and dividends. The most important of them are royalty transfers, which have been used by every company analyzed. The most effective model in this regard was established by Google. It is based on a network of subsidiaries registered mainly in Ireland and the Netherlands which apply preferential rules to tax such transactions. Research implications/limitations – The exact identification of tax avoidance mechanisms used in practice allows gaps in tax law to be identified and hence charts the directions of the necessary legislation changes. It also allows the losses of the budgets of individual states to be assessed. However, one must be aware that the complete elimination of aggressive tax optimization is impossible. This is because it represents one of the basic areas of effective financial management at enterprises. Originality/value/contribution – The scope of this article fills, to some extent, the research gap that exists in connection with publicizing tax avoidance mechanisms, the detailed presentation of transactions and the tax benefits resulting from them.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2017, 30; 85-98
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluating taxpayers’ attitude in the new tax environment
Postawy podatników w nowym otoczeniu podatkowym
Autorzy:
Janiszewska, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944364.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
attitude
taxpayer
BEPS
tax avoidance
Opis:
One of the taxpayers responses to taxation is tax avoidance. Due to its intensification, Polish legislator has adopted a series of legislative measures to tighten the tax system. The aim of the article is to examine to what extent changes made to the tax law and in the operational framework of tax authorities, geared towards the tightening of the tax regime, impact on the attitude of Polish entrepreneurs operating at international level. For the purpose of the survey a hypothesis was formulated stating that factors such as more stringent regulation, higher risk of being audited, more severe penalties, social approval for tax avoidance and the perceived absence of procedural justice are correlated with the degree of approval for tax avoidance. In order to verify the hypothesis, questionnaire-based studies were carried out and their results were subsequently subjected to statistical analysis. The results of the conducted studies demonstrated that the above mentioned factors do not directly translate into the approach to tax avoidance and that the tax avoidance itself is still not seen as something negative by a large majority of the population.
Jedną z reakcji podatników na narzucenie im obowiązku płacenia podatków jest jego unikanie. Ze względu na intensyfikację tego zjawiska polski ustawodawca podjął wiele działań legislacyjnych mających na celu uszczelnienie systemu podatkowego. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, na ile zmiany w prawie podatkowym oraz dotyczące uprawnień organów podatkowych wprowadzone w celu uszczelnienia systemu podatkowego wpłynęły na postawy polskich przedsiębiorców działających w skali międzynarodowej. Zgodnie ze sformułowaną hipotezą badawczą takie czynniki, jak wzrost restrykcyjności przepisów, zwiększenie prawdopodobieństwa kontroli, zaostrzenie kar, społeczna akceptacja unikania opodatkowania oraz odczuwany brak sprawiedliwości procedularnej, są skorelowane z akceptacją unikania opodatkowania. Aby zweryfikować tę hipotezę, przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe. Jego rezultaty poddano następnie analizie statystycznej. Wyniki badania wykazały, że wskazane czynniki nie są bezpośrednio skorelowane z postawą wobec unikania opodatkowania, a unikanie opodatkowania nadal nie jest oceniane negatywnie przez większość badanej populacji.
Źródło:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu; 2019, 63, 10; 19-30
1899-3192
Pojawia się w:
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance with corporate governance as a moderator
Autorzy:
Felia, Donelia
Sambuaga, Elfina Astrella
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18104680.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-28
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie. Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Tematy:
corporate governance
tax avoidance
environmental uncertainty
Opis:
The study aims to examine the effect of environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance and the moderating effects of corporate governance. Data collection uses secondary data derived from the financial statements and annual reports of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2017–2019, using the S&P Capital IQ database. The population of this study consists of 80 companies with an observation period of 3 years. Thus, the total of research observations is 240, obtained by the purposive sampling method. The results showed that environmental uncertainty negatively affects tax avoidance. The indicators of corporate governance, which is an independent board of commissioners, can strengthen the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance, while audit quality is proven to weaken the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance.
Źródło:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences; 2023, 47; 51-69
1899-8968
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Tax Avoidance Clause: Do We Want it, Do We Need it?
Autorzy:
Nieborak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
tax
tax evasion
tax avoidance clause
the Tax Ordinance
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to outline the institution of the tax avoidance clause which has recently been re-introduced to the Polish legal system. The clause is known in many legal systems worldwide, and always arouses numerous controversies, which arise primarily from the subjectivity as well as, partly, the retroactivity of its application, which is based on extremely general principles, leaving a vast interpretative margin to the tax authorities enforcing the clause. Selected problems arising from the implementation of the tax avoidance clause in the Polish legal system have been analysed. These theoretical problems will be real once the clause has been enforced.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 199-211
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of Tax Optimisation with the Use of Tax Havens
Autorzy:
Burandt, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1789245.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax havens
offshore companies
taxes
tax law
tax avoidance
Opis:
The present study is concerned with chosen methods employed in a legal and illegal way by the taxpayers in order to reduce their tax burdens by the use of tax havens. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the phenomenon of tax competition, in particular, ways of using it for the purpose of tax optimisation. The essence of a tax haven introduced at the beginning serves as an introduction to the remaining content and lets one understand the outline of the discussed phenomenon. The presented methods cannot be considered a legal advice, but only an objective characteristic.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 2; 78-93
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transfer Pricing as an Institution Supporting the Anti-Optimization Clause in Counteracting Tax Avoidance
Autorzy:
Wach, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2159865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
tax avoidance
harmful tax competition
tax evasion transfer pricing
Opis:
The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between transfer pricing regulations and the anti-tax avoidance clause. The paper discusses the axiology of legal regulations aimed at counteracting tax avoidance practices and the use of non-market prices in relations between related entities. An attempt was made to present the concept of the phenomenon of harmful tax competition, also the essence of tax avoidance, and to contrast this concept with the phenomenon of tax evasion. The phenomenon of tax optimization was also indicated. The relationship between the provisions of the general anti-optimization clause and transfer prices that determine the appropriate state of prices between related entities within the meaning of tax law was also subjected to a detailed analysis.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2022, 25, 1; 110-125
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessing impact of base erosion and profit shifting on performance of subsidiaries of multinational corporations in Baltic countries
Autorzy:
Kundelis, Egidijus
Legenzova, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446421.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
BEPS
tax avoidance
company performance
Baltic countries
Opis:
Research background: The problem of base erosion and profit shifting by multi-national corporations has been debated from different perspectives because of its multiple impact on the key actors in the economy. Studies refer to its positive impact on companies via corporate taxes saved, but its negative impact on governments via reduced tax collection. A number of empirical studies conducted in different countries support the substantial BEPS impact on company performance, but report differences in its magnitude. Other authors claim that, despite a wide range of tax avoidance opportunities available, tax avoidance is limited due to institutional measures imposed (tax audits, penalties for non-compliance) and high implementation costs. A majority of the previous empirical research covered large countries (USA, Germany) or regions (e.g. Europe), but there is a gap in the re-search assessing the BEPS impact on multinational corporations? subsidiaries? performance in countries with lower corporate income tax rates such as the Baltic countries. Purpose of the article: To assess the impact of base erosion and profit shifting on multinational corporations? subsidiaries? performance in the Baltic countries. Methods: Empirical research is conducted based on the framework employed by Hines and Rice (1994) to measure BEPS impact on company performance. Regression analysis with fixed effects was applied to a sample of 3,422 Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian subsidiaries of multinational corporations, which are characterized by low corporate tax rates.  The data for the period of 2007?2015 was retrieved from the Amadeus database. Findings & Value added: The research revealed that Baltic countries? tax differentials between multinational corporations? parent and subsidiary countries might have a significant impact on the subsidiary?s financial performance. When the tax rate differences between Baltic and the foreign countries decrease by 1%, reported profits in Baltic countries increase by 2.3%, indicating profit-shifting behaviour. This is in line with the empirical literature and practices applied by multinational corporations. It is also in favour of anti-tax avoidance measures introduced by the EC to be adopted by Baltic and other EU countries.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2019, 14, 2; 277-293
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Application of the General Clause of Reasonableness and Criterion of Rationality in Polish Tax Law
Autorzy:
Münnich, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/915686.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
general clause reasonableness
rationality
tax avoidance
tax deductible costs
Opis:
This paper’s objective is to present two methods of introducing elements of the civil general clause of reasonableness into tax law. One of them is the lawmaking process, the other is the application of law, i.e. the decisions of tax authorities and the jurisprudence of national administrative courts.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2020, 43, 4; 7-22
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Council Directive (EU) 2018/822 and the Right to Privacy. An Attempt to Answer the Preliminary Question in Case C-694/20
Autorzy:
Szymacha, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28677039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
right to respect for private life
tax avoidance
human rights
cross-border agreements
Opis:
Through an action before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the Belgian Constitutional Court intends to obtain an answer to the question related to the compatibility of Council Directive (EU) 2018/822 with the fundamental right to respect for private life. The mechanism provided by this Directive may violate this right because it consists in obliging the lawyer who has invoked the Legal Professional Privilege to provide information about the evasion of the obligation to inform the authorities about the cross-border arrangement. This arrangement may amount to tax avoidance by the client. I will try to predict the possible response of the CJEU by analyzing its previous case law. Interference with fundamental rights must be proportionate. The secrecy of the lawyer’s communication with his client deserves special protection. The proportionality of the interference may be evidenced by filters such as judicial supervision, intermediation by an independent authority etc.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2022, 14; 209-230
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Comparison of Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidance of UK and Japanese Firms
Ład korporacyjny a unikanie zobowiązań podatkowych – porównanie przedsiębiorstw brytyjskich i japońskich
Autorzy:
Salhi, Bassem
Al Jabr, Jabr
Jarboui, Anis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1024062.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-09-21
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
unikanie zobowiązań podatkowych
ład korporacyjny
porównanie systemów prawnych
tax avoidance
corporate governance
comparative legal system
Opis:
The present study was designed to determine the relationship between corporate governance and tax avoidance in an international setting. Financial and governance data sourced from the Datastream database for a sample of Japanese and UK firms between 2012 and 2017 are used. First, we examine the direct effect of several corporate governance mechanisms on tax avoidance. Second, we divide the full sample into two groups (common law and code law legal system) to explore the relationship between law, corporate governance, and tax avoidance. We use both univariate and feasible generalized least square (FGLS) regression methods to examine our hypotheses. This study finds that the board size, independent directors, and the presence of women on boards of directors reduce the likelihood of tax avoidance. However, we find an insignificant association between ownership concentration and tax avoidance. Second, it also finds that firms in countries with higher country-level governance engage in less tax avoidance. The results also suggest that the role of corporate governance is more pronounced for firms operating in common law countries than those in code law countries. This manuscript is one of the few studies that examine the relationship between corporate governance and tax avoidance in an international setting with different legal and institutional environment. This relationship differs across the two countries. This paper clearly identifies implications for research, practice, and society. It documents that when a country implements a good system of governance, which targets improving transparency and accountability, it will lead to less corporate tax avoidance.
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie wpływu ładu korporacyjnego na unikanie zobowiązań opodatkowych w ujęciu międzynarodowym. W badaniu wykorzystano dane finansowe i dotyczące ładu korporacyjnego dla wybranych przedsiębiorstw japońskich i brytyjskich z okresu 2012–2017, pochodzące z bazy danych Datastream. Najpierw zbadano bezpośredni wpływ kilku mechanizmów ładu korporacyjnego na unikanie zobowiązań podatkowych. Następnie dokonano podziału wybranych przedsiębiorstw na dwie grupy (oparte o system prawa zwyczajowego i system prawa kodeksowego), aby zbadać związek między systemem prawa, ładem korporacyjnym, a unikaniem zobowiązań podatkowych. Do weryfikacji sformułowanych hipotez zastosowano zarówno jednoczynnikowe metody regresji, jak i Stosowalną Uogólnioną Metodę Najmniejszych. Kwadratów (FGLS). Badanie wykazało, że wielkość zarządu, występowanie niezależnych dyrektorów oraz obecność kobiet w zarządach, zmniejszają prawdopodobieństwo unikania zobowiązań podatkowych. Zaobserwowano jednak nieistotny związek między koncentracją własności a unikaniem zobowiązań podatkowych. Wykazano również, że przedsiębiorstwa w krajach o wyższym poziomie zarządzania na szczeblu krajowym są mniej podatne na unikanie zobowiązań podatkowych. Wyniki sugerują też, że rola ładu korporacyjnego jest większa w przypadku firm działających w krajach opartych o system prawa zwyczajowego niż w krajach opartych o system prawa kodeksowego. Opracowanie jest jednym z nielicznych badań, które badają związek między ładem korporacyjnym a unikaniem zobowiązań podatkowych w ujęciu międzynarodowym, z uwzględnieniem różnic w otoczeniu prawnym i instytucjonalnym. Związek ten jest różny w zależności od kraju. W tym artykule wyraźnie wskazano implikacje dla badań naukowych, praktyki i społeczeństwa. Wykazano w nim, że wdrożenie przez państwo prawidłowego systemu zarządzania, którego celem jest poprawa przejrzystości i odpowiedzialności, umożliwia ograniczenie unikania zobowiązań podatkow przez przedsiębiorstwa.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2020, 23, 3; 111-132
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The remedies for “treaty shopping” in view of current legislation
Autorzy:
Niziołek, Anna
Dobosz, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1177369.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
legal person
partnership
publicly listed company
remedies
share-holding company
sole proprietor
tax avoidance
tax evasion
tax law
treaty shopping
Opis:
The article explains the issue of the “treaty shopping” method which tends to be one of the types of the unlawful tax behaviour. At first, the history of the “treaty shopping” method and its main features are described. The dissertation is focused especially on the examples of the practical use of the third company in a specific contractual relation which ought to be only between two parties. Then, the deliberation presents the combination of using the “treaty shopping” method and “tax heavens” which is frequently practiced by the companies to pay lower tax rates or even avoid paying any taxes. After that, both the positive and the negative consequences of the aforementioned tax behaviour are described. The main part of the article delves into the possible remedies for the unlawful tax practices depending on the outlook of each government. The conclusions refer to the effects of decreasing the current number of “treaty shoppers”.
Źródło:
World Scientific News; 2018, 104; 337-347
2392-2192
Pojawia się w:
World Scientific News
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax avoidance over time: insights from the incentivised corporate taxpayer
Unikanie podatków z czasem: wnioski z zachęty podatnika korporacyjnego
Autorzy:
Hamzah, Fairus Halizam A.
Hamid, Nadiah Abd
Zawawi, Siti Noorhayati Mohamed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
efektywne stawki podatkowe
unikanie podatków
ulga reinwestycji
zachęta podatkowa
opodatkowanie
effective tax rates
tax avoidance
reinvestment allowance
tax incentive
taxation
Opis:
An incentivised firm that pays low tax may not be engaging in fraudulent management, as generally assumed. However, it could have been due to tax avoidance strategies observed through reduced or lowered Effective Tax Rate (ETR) across ten years. Therefore, this research investigated the time trend of ETR over ten years and the determinants associated with the trend among firms with incentives. This paper focuses on tax avoidance strategies applied by corporate firms in Malaysia that utilised Reinvestment Allowance (RA) tax incentives. Results showed only a minimal increase of 0.2 per cent with low ETR averages of 6.47 per cent over a decade. Findings from this study on the consistent low tax sustained by firms with incentives throughout ten years could be due to tax exemption from numerous generous tax incentives and having taxpayers exploit the loopholes of the taxation system.
Firma motywowana, która płaci niskie podatki, może nie angażować się w nieuczciwe zarządzanie, jak się powszechnie zakłada. Może to jednak być spowodowane strategiami unikania opodatkowania zaobserwowanymi poprzez obniżoną lub efektywną stawkę podatkową (ETR) w ciągu dziesięciu lat. Dlatego w badaniu tym zbadano trend czasowy ETR na przestrzeni dziesięciu lat oraz determinanty związane z trendem wśród firm z zachętami. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na strategiach unikania opodatkowania stosowanych przez firmy korporacyjne w Malezji, które korzystały z zachęty podatkowej w postaci ulgi na inwestycje (RA). Wyniki wykazały jedynie minimalny wzrost o 0,2 procent przy niskich średnich ETR wynoszących 6,47 procent w ciągu dekady. Ustalenia z tego badania na temat konsekwentnie niskich podatków utrzymywanych przez firmy korzystające z zachęt przez dziesięć lat mogą wynikać ze zwolnienia podatkowego z licznych hojnych zachęt podatkowych i wykorzystywania przez podatników luk w systemie podatkowym.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Management Studies; 2021, 24, 1; 126--141
2081-7452
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Management Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The BEPS Influence on Tax Information Exchange
Autorzy:
Mączyński, Dominik
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619227.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
tax
tax avoidance
exchange of information on tax matters
Action Plan on BEPS
podatek
unikanie opodatkowania
wymiana informacji podatkowych
projekt BEPS
Opis:
None of the actions envisaged in the Action Plan on BEPS directly relies on intensifying the exchange of information on tax matters. By developing the Action Plan on BEPS, the OECD has identified areas of tax law that have noticed the need for some changes. However, the objectives set out in the Action Plan on BEPS will not be achieved without significantly improving the exchange of information on tax matters between the tax administrations.For several years, a significant breakthrough on the field of exchange of information in tax matters has been observed. Firstly, Agreements on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters are increasingly important. Secondly, the role of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters has significantly increased. Thirdly, the Action Plan on BEPS itself needs to step up its activities in the field of exchange of information on tax matters. The Action 5, countering harmful tax practices more effectively, taking into account transparency and substance, highlighted the need to improve transparency, including the mandatory spontaneous exchange of information on tax matters, while the implementation of the objectives described in the Action 13 referring to transfer pricing documentation and country-by-country reporting calls for the development of an automatic exchange of information on tax matters. Therefore, there is no doubt that effective exchange of information on tax matters is one of the tools without which implementation of the Action Plan on BEPS will be significantly impeded.
Żadne z działań przewidzianych w projekcie BEPS nie odwołuje się bezpośrednio do zintensyfikowania wymiany informacji podatkowych. Opracowując projekt BEPS, OECD zidentyfikowała przestrzenie prawa podatkowego, w których dostrzeżono potrzebę wprowadzenia konkretnych zmian. Cele wskazane w projekcie BEPS nie zostaną jednak osiągnięte bez znaczącej poprawy przepływu informacji podatkowych pomiędzy administracjami podatkowymi poszczególnych państw.Od kilku lat można zaobserwować istotny przełom w obszarze wymiany informacji podatkowych. Po pierwsze, coraz większe znaczenie mają umowy o wymianie informacji podatkowych, zawierane z zasady z jurysdykcjami stosującymi szkodliwą konkurencję podatkową. Po drugie, znacząco wzrosła rola wielostronnej umowy o wzajemnej współpracy administracyjnej w sprawach podatkowych, przewidującej możliwość wymiany informacji podatkowych. Po trzecie, z samego projektu BEPS wynika potrzeba zintensyfikowania działań w zakresie wymiany informacji podatkowych. W działaniu 5, poświęconym przeciwdziałaniu szkodliwym praktykom podatkowym, wskazano na potrzebę poprawy transparentności z uwzględnieniem obowiązkowej wymiany spontanicznej dotyczącej rozstrzygnięć związanych z uzyskaniem preferencyjnych zasad opodatkowania, natomiast wdrożenie celów opisanych w działaniu 13 wymaga rozwoju automatycznej wymiany informacji podatkowych. Wobec powyższego nie ulega wątpliwości, że skuteczna wymiana informacji podatkowych stanowi jedno z narzędzi, bez których realizacja założeń projektu BEPS będzie znacząco utrudniona.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2018, 27, 2
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Negotiating transfer pricing using the Nash bargaining solution
Autorzy:
Clempner, J. B.
Poznyak, A. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/330210.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
negotiated transfer pricing
Nash bargaining
tax avoidance
corporate taxation
zagadnienie przetargowe Nasha
unikanie podatku
opodatkowanie przedsiębiorstw
Opis:
This paper analyzes and proposes a solution to the transfer pricing problem from the point of view of the Nash bargaining game theory approach. We consider a firm consisting of several divisions with sequential transfers, in which central management provides a transfer price decision that enables maximization of operating profits. Price transferring between divisions is negotiable throughout the bargaining approach. Initially, we consider a disagreement point (status quo) between the divisions of the firm, which plays the role of a deterrent. We propose a framework and a method based on the Nash equilibrium approach for computing the disagreement point. Then, we introduce a bargaining solution, which is a single-valued function that selects an outcome from the feasible pay-offs for each bargaining problem that is a result of cooperation of the divisions of the firm involved in the transfer pricing problem. The agreement reached by the divisions in the game is the most preferred alternative within the set of feasible outcomes, which produces a profit-maximizing allocation of the transfer price between divisions. For computing the bargaining solution, we propose an optimization method. An example illustrating the usefulness of the method is presented.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science; 2017, 27, 4; 853-864
1641-876X
2083-8492
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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