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Tytuł:
New Approach to Modelling if Sand Filter Clogging by Septic Tank Effluent
Autorzy:
Nieć, J.
Spychała, M.
Zawadzki, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124668.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
clogging
filter coefficient
mathematical modelling
sand filter
solids deposition
suspended solids
biofilm processes
Opis:
The deep bed filtration model elaborated by Iwasaki has many applications, e.g. solids removal from wastewater. Its main parameter, filter coefficient, is directly related to removal efficiency and depends on filter depth and time of operation. In this paper the authors have proposed a new approach to modelling, describing dry organic mass from septic tank effluent and biomass distribution in a sand filter. In this approach the variable filter coefficient value was used as affected by depth and time of operation and the live biomass concentration distribution was approximated by a logistic function. Relatively stable biomass contents in deeper beds compartments were observed in empirical studies. The Iwasaki equations associated with the logistic function can predict volatile suspended solids deposition and biomass content in sand filters. The comparison between the model and empirical data for filtration lasting 10 and 20 days showed a relatively good agreement.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2016, 17, 2; 97-107
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interaction of elastic waves with a fluid-saturated porous solid boundary
Oddziaływanie fal sprężystych z brzegiem nasyconego płynem ośrodka porowatego
Autorzy:
Cieszko, M.
Kubik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/281300.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
saturated porous solids
wave reflection
Opis:
The problem of energy reflection and transmission of an oblique incident plane harmonic wave at the surface of an elastic porous solid halfspace immersed in fluid is considered. The case of pure elastic behaviour of the system with incompressible material of skelton is analysed. Considerations are based on the two parametric theory of fluid-saturated porous solid in which the isotropic pore structure is described by the volume porosity and the parameter characterising tortuosity of pores. The influence of mechanical properties of both the physical constituents and angle of wave incidence on the energy reflection and transmission coefficients is analysed. Two general cases of the wave interaction are investigated: waves incident from the bulk fluid on the surface of porous halfspace, and waves (fast, slow and shear) incident from a fluid-saturated porous solid. Calculations have been made for the system composed of porous fused glass bead solid filled with water in one case and with ethyl alcohol in the other case and diagrams of the results have been shown.
W pracy rozważono zagadnienie odbicia i przenikania fal harmonicznych ukośnie padających na powierzchnię porowatej półprzestrzeni zanurzonej w płynie. Przeanalizowano czysto sprężyste zachowanie się układu o nieściśliwym materiale szkieletu. Do rozważań wykorzystano dwuparametrową teorię deformowalnego ośrodka porowatego nasyconego płynem, w której struktura porów szkieletu charakteryzowana jest przez porowatość objętościową i krętość porów. Przeanalizowano wpływ mechanicznych własności składników fizycznych oraz kąt padania fali na energetyczne współczynniki odbicia i przenikania fal. Rozważono dwa przypadki: gdy fala pada na powierzchnię porowatej półprzestrzeni od strony samego płynu oraz przypadek, gdy fale (szybka, wolna i poprzeczna) padają od strony nasyconego płynem porowatego ośrodka. Obliczenia przeprowadzono dla ośrodka porowatego ze spiekanych kulek szklanych wypełnionych wodą w jednym przypadku oraz alkoholem etylowym w drugim przypadku.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 1998, 3; 561-580
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Applications of implicit constitutive theory for describing the elastic response of rocks and concrete
Autorzy:
Bustamante, R.
Rajagopal, K. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38695703.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
Tematy:
nonlinear elasticity
small strain
isotropic solids
Opis:
An implicit constitutive relation is proposed for elastic bodies, when the gradient of the displacement is assumed to be very small, and as a result the strains are small. The resulting constitutive relation is a non-linear relationship between the linearized strain and the stress. The model is used to fit data for rock and concrete. Some boundary value problems are studied within the context of homogeneous deformations, and also a problem with inhomogeneous deformations is analyzed, namely the inflation of a circular annulus. The predictions of this new implicit constitutive relation are compared with the predictions of the constitutive equations for linearized elastic bodies.
Źródło:
Archives of Mechanics; 2022, 74, 6; 513-547
0373-2029
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Incomplete energy deposition in long CsI(Tl) crystals
Autorzy:
Siwek, A.
Budzanowski, A.
Czech, B.
Fomichev, A.
Gburek, T.
Rodin, A.
Skwirczynska, I.
Wolski, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/147049.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej
Tematy:
nuclear interaction in solids
scintillation detectors
Opis:
We studied process of incomplete energy deposition in long CsI(Tl) crystals, caused by inelastic interactions of impinging nuclear fragment in the scintillating material. The secondary beam from the ACCULINNA fragment separator and the heavy-ion beam from the CELSIUS storage ring were used to measure the yield of this process as a function of the initial energy of incoming fragments. The functional fit to GEANT simulations will be used to correct the energy spectra from future experiments.
Źródło:
Nukleonika; 2002, 47, 4; 141-145
0029-5922
1508-5791
Pojawia się w:
Nukleonika
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An algorithm of a family of 3d-based solid-to-shell transition, hpq/hp- adaptive finite elements
Autorzy:
Zboiński, G.
Ostachowicz, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/279499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
finite elements
solids
shells
transition zones
adaptivity
Opis:
The basic information on an algorithm of a family of new triangularprism, 3D-based, hpq/hp-adaptive, solid-to-shell transition finite elements has been presented in the paper, where h, p and q detonate an averaged size as well as longitudinal and transverse orders of approximation of the elements, respectively. Novelty of the elements consists in application of hpq- and hp-approximations in solid and shell parts of the elements, respectively. In that context, crucial parts of the algorithm such as: hierarchical shape functions, modification of the stiffness and nodal forces of the shell part of the elements, and constrained hpq/hp-approximation are elucidated. Usefulness of the elements for modelling and analysis of complex structures is proved by a numerical example.
Algorytm rodziny opartych na podejściu trójwymiarowym, adaptacyjnych, przejściowych elementów skończonych typu hpq/hp. Praca przedstawia algorytm rodziny nowych, opartych na podejściu trójwymiarowym, pryzmatycznych, adaptacyjnych elementów przejściowych od elementów bryłowych do powłokowych. Elementy oparto na aproksymacjach typu hpq/hp, gdzie h,p i q oznaczają średni wymiar elementu oraz wzdłużny i poprzeczny rząd aproksymacji. Istotne novum zapropowanych elementów polega na zastosowaniu w części powłokowej elementu adaptacyjnej aproksymacji typu hp, a w części bryłowej adaptacyjnej aproksymacji typu hpq. W tym kontekście omówiono dokładniej hierarchiczne funkcje kształtu, modyfikacje macierzy sztywności i wektora sił elementów oraz aproksymacje z więzami. Przydatność elementów w modelowaniu i analizie struktur złożonych potwierdzono zamieszczonym przykładem numerycznym.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2000, 38, 4; 791-806
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the removal of BOD5, COD and suspended solids in subsurface flow constructed wetland in Latvia
Analiza usuwania BZT5, ChZT i zawiesiny ogólnej w sztucznym ekosystemie mokradłowym o poziomym przepływie podpowierzchniowym, zlokalizowanym na Łotwie
Autorzy:
Grinberga, L.
Grabuza, D.
Grinfelde, I.
Lauva, D.
Celms, A.
Sas, W.
Głuchowski, A.
Dzięcioł, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2084106.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
constructed wetlands
subsurface flow
BOD
COD
suspended solids
Opis:
This study aims to evaluate the performance of subsurface flow constructed wetland in Latvia which was established to receive storm water from surface runoff from a farmjard in agricultural area. As a part of this study, subsurface horizontal flow wetlands was monitored, in order to evaluate the changes in the efficiency of treatment depending on biological factors. The efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland was evaluated by comparing the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen (COD) at inlet and outlet of the wetland depending on temperature and pH. Since June 2014, water quality monitoring in a research site in the farm “Mezaciruli”, Zaļenieku parish, Jelgava region has been carried out to treat the point source agricultural runoff from the impermeable pavements. The analysis of the data obtained in the monitoring allows to draw conclusions about the influence of certain factors in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands under the climate and environmental conditions in Latvia.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura; 2021, 20, 4; 21-28
1644-0633
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Architectura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Two-dimensional experimental elastic-plastic strain and stress analysis
Doświadczalna analiza odkształceń i naprężeń w dwuwymiarowych stanach sprężysto-plastycznych
Autorzy:
Kozłowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280214.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
mechanics of solids
experimental methods
elastic-plastic states
Opis:
In the paper, the quantitative analysis of elastic-plastic state of strain and stress in twodimensional models with different stress concentrators is presented. The experimental testing was carried out by the photoelastic coating method on duralumin elements loaded by ten sile stresses. For strain separation, the analytical method of characteristics, taking advantage of an isochromatic pattern only, was applied. The strain and stress components in elastic-plastic areas around stress concentrators were calculated using the multi-sectional schematization of the material curve. The effects of investigations have been compared with those obtained from Moiré method and numerical calculation (FEM). The discussion of results has been presented.
W pracy została przedstawiona ilościowa analiza odkształceń i naprężeń w obszarach sprężysto plastycznych w płaskich modelach elementów konstrukcyjnych z koncentratorami naprężeń o rożnych kształtach. Modele, wykonane z duraluminium, zostały obciążone równomiernie rozłożonymi na końcach naprężeniami rozciągającymi wywołującymi częściowe uplastycznienie materiału. Badania eksperymentalne zostały przeprowadzone przy pomocy metody elastooptycznej warstwy powierzchniowej. Do rozdzielenia odkształceń zastosowano analityczną metodę charakterystyk wykorzystującą do obliczeń wyłącznie obraz izochrom. Składowe stanu odkształcenia i naprężenia w obszarach uplastycznionych zostały wyznaczone na podstawie wieloodcinkowego modelu krzywej dla materiału elementu. W pracy została przeprowadzona dyskusja otrzymanych wyników i ich porównanie z wynikami otrzymanymi metody mory i obliczeń numerycznych (MES).
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2013, 51, 2; 419-430
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Experimental investigations of elastic-plastic strain states on various stages of material plastifying
Autorzy:
Kozłowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/280273.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
mechanics of solids
experimental methods
elastic-plastic states
Opis:
In the paper, the possibility of application of various experimental methods to the analysis of elastic-plastic states at different levels of material plastifying is presented. For tests carried out on two-dimensional elements with different stress concentrators and loaded by tensile stresses, three experimental methods have been selected: Moir´e method, method of photoelastic coating and the thermography method. On the basis of the tests results, the range of the applicability of chosen methods and their suitability to the elastic-plastic strain analysis at the development of material plastifying has been determined. The strain components distribution obtained from the Moir´e method and the method of photoelastic coating has been compared. The possibility of increasing the accuracy of strain determination for the Moir´e method by additional tests at the grid rotated by an angle of 45◦ with respect to the direction of tensile stress has been shown. The results of the investigations have been discussed.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2016, 54, 2; 489-501
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the deformation of porous spherical bodies under radial surface traction
Autorzy:
De Cicco, Simona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2200889.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Mechaniki Teoretycznej i Stosowanej
Tematy:
linear elasticity
materials with voids
equilibrium theory
spherical solids
Opis:
The paper deals with the linear theory of elastic materials with voids based on the concept of volume fraction. In this model, the interstitial pores are vacuous and can contract or stretch. The change in the volume fraction is measured by a scalar function, so that independent kinematical variables are four: the components of displacements and the volume fraction function. The equilibrium problem of elastic spherical bodies under radial surface traction is solved. The solution is given in closed form and applied to study three special cases. Explicit formulas of the displacement, stress distribution and volume fraction function are given.
Źródło:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; 2023, 61, 2; 305--316
1429-2955
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of suspended solids emissions from a combined sewage system using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)
Autorzy:
Sakson, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27310136.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
sewerage
modelling
SWMM
suspended solids
pollutant emission
water protection
Opis:
The protection of water bodies requires the reduction of pollutant emissions from all major sources. In urbanized areas, these include: wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and (depending on the type of sewage system) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater drainage outlets. WWTPs are usually monitored and emitted pollutant loads are known, but it is more difficult to assess the pollutant load discharged by CSOs and stormwater drainage systems. The article attempts to use the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to assess emissions of suspended solids from a large urban combined catchment. Suspended solids are the main pollutant of stormwater runoff in urban areas, and the dynamics of their emission from catchments is very diverse. The amount of suspended solids discharged by CSOs functioning in the given city was assessed in comparison with emissions from a wastewater treatment plant. The results show that CSOs discharge a pollutant load to the receiver which is comparable to WWTPs, but in a much shorter time and in a violent manner which can lead to the severe deterioration of receiving water quality. The modelling took into account the quality of dry weather sewage, the build-up of suspended solids, wash-off processes in the catchment area, and local precipitation characteristics. Factors affecting the quality of the obtained model and the accuracy of the emission level assessment were analysed.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2023, 49, 4; 389--399
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hodge numbers of a double octic with non-isolated singularities
Autorzy:
Cynk, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1208010.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny PAN
Tematy:
Hodge numbers
double solids
Calabi-Yau manifolds
surface singularities
Opis:
If B is a surface in ℙ³ of degree 8 which is the union of two smooth surfaces intersecting transversally then the double covering of ℙ³ branched along B has a non-singular model which is a Calabi-Yau manifold. The aim of this note is to compute the Hodge numbers of this manifold.
Źródło:
Annales Polonici Mathematici; 2000, 73, 3; 221-226
0066-2216
Pojawia się w:
Annales Polonici Mathematici
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in the Quality of Domestic Sewage Caused by the Reduction of Water Consumption in Households
Autorzy:
Chudzicki, Jarosław
Umiejewska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/123072.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water consumption
saving water
municipal wastewater
total suspended solids
Opis:
Since the 1990s, there have been trends in Central and Eastern European countries to reduce water consumption. This phenomenon is closely related to the political, social and economic changes in these countries and the introduction of economic instruments in water management. The article presents the changes in water consumption in households in the years 1950–2019 depending on the degree of equipping buildings with sanitary facilities, and the structure of water consumption for particular purposes. For the same period, the quality of sewage generated in households is presented on the basis of bibliography. The content of total suspended solids was the main analysed parameter. The last part of the article presents the quality of wastewater discharged to fourteen Polish wastewater treatment plants. The majority of the analysed plants show an increase in the concentration of total suspended solids in the domestic sewage discharged to them. This phenomenon may be influenced by the decreasing water consumption in households.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2020, 21, 3; 41-50
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monitoring of Groundwater Quality With Cokriging of Geochemical and Geoelectrical Measurements
Autorzy:
Zawadzki, Jarosław
Fabijańczyk, Piotr
Treichel, Wiktor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2064669.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
cokriging
geoelectrical measurements
geostatistics
total dissolved solids
Żelazny Most dump
Opis:
The study presents the possibility of using geostatistical methods for monitoring groundwater quality. Poland is one of the largest copper producers in the world. However, the extraction and production of copper requires constant care for the natural environment. Reservoir Żelazny Most which is situated in South – Western Poland was designed to store flotation tailings out of nearby copper mines. It is one of the biggest industrial dumps in the world. The reservoir stores huge amounts of tailings and industrial water. Water migrating from dump to groundwater could be a potential source of contamination with chlorides, sulphates, heavy metals, and other hazardous substances used in ore separation process in the copper mining industry, like detergent and phenols. Monitoring system around Żelazny Most dump, which was designed to track harmful substances concentrations in groundwater, contains measuring wells and piezometers. They are used to collect groundwater samples for chemical analyses. The idea of the study was to integrate information provided by chemical analyses and geoelectrical measurements by cokriging method, utilizing correlation between electrical resistance of the soil solution and total dissolved solids concentration in groundwater. This enabled to obtain spatial distribution of total dissolved solids concentrations in groundwater at the part of eastern foreground of Żelazny Most dump.
Źródło:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering; 2021, 4, 1; 97--106
2545-2827
Pojawia się w:
Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Treatment of Hospital Wastewater Using Activated Sludge with Extended Aeration
Autorzy:
Custodio, María
Cuadrado-Campó, Walter
Peñaloza, Richard
Vicuña-Orihuela, Carmela
Torres-Gutiérrez, Elmer
Orellana, Edith
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2202195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
suspended solids
bacterial load
activated sludge
removal efficiency
hospital wastewater
Opis:
Hospital wastewater is of a complex nature and is generally discharged into urban sewage systems. This study evaluated the removal efficiency of organic and biological contaminants from a hospital wastewater treatment plant using extended aeration activated sludge. The study was conducted at a treatment plant scale, with 14 hours of feed. The plant consists of a pre-filter, a collector and crumbler tank, a homogenization tank, two biological reactors of 80 000 liters capacity each, two settlers and a contact disinfection chamber. Three flow rates of 3 L/s, 4 L/s and 5 L/s were tested in each biological reactor, with application of three concentrations of residual chlorine with sodium hypochlorite to the effluent of the settling tanks (0.3 ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.5 ppm). The removal efficiency of suspended solids varied according to flow rate. The reactor with a flow rate of 3 L/s and 0.5 ppm of residual chlorine achieved the highest removal of suspended solids (91.95%), biological oxygen demand (97.52%) and fecal coliforms (99.99%). Finally, the quality of the hospital wastewater is within the limits of the national and international environmental quality thresholds.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2022, 23, 11; 24--32
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Preliminary Studies of the Water Quality in the Reservoir Wielkopolska at Different Times of Operation on the Basis of Selected Indicators
Autorzy:
Walczak, Natalia
Walczak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
water quality
reservoir
nitrogen
phosphorus
BOD5
total suspended solids
Opis:
For the purposes of research and this resultant publication, the water quality was tested in three reservoirs differing in operating times. It was assumed that the study period covering autumn, spring and early summer was the period with the most visible changes in the concentrations of pollutants. The samples taken from the reservoirs were analysed by determining biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia concentration (NH4), phosphate concentration (PO4) and total suspended solids. The use of indicators allowed for assessing the quality of water in these reservoirs and comparing it in terms of different periods of their operation. It was also observed that the water flowing into the Roszków and Jeżewo reservoirs (two oldest reservoirs) was of worse quality than the outgoing water. In the case of the newest reservoir, the water quality at the outflow deteriorated in relation to all indicators.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 2; 77-85
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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