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    Tytuł:
    Can the soil geology and chemistry analysis of a site predict the geographic origin of wild edible mushrooms (Porcini group)?
    Autorzy:
    Ambrosio, E.
    Marescotti, P.
    Benucci, G.M.N.
    Cecchi, G.
    Brancucci, M.
    Zotti, M.
    Mariotti, M.G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197176.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    wild mushroom
    edible mushroom
    Boletus edulis
    soil chemistry
    geology
    geographic origin
    Opis:
    This study aimed to assess the element content of Porcini mushrooms collected from broadleaf Mediterranean forests (NW Italy) and underlying soil layers, and to elucidate the chemical connection between the mushrooms and their geographic site of origin. Comparing the elements in mushrooms with those in soil samples, we observed that the concentration of some microelements detected in mushrooms had similar distribution as that measured in both the soil layers assessed, especially with surface soil. Statistical analyses showed that the microelement pattern in mushrooms reflects the soil site of origin. Moreover, by comparing our results with other studies, we observed that the soil where Porcini grow is characterized by a high concentration of zinc. Some toxic elements were also detected in mushroom samples. Analysis of elements in mushrooms and soil layers can be used for quality assurance of natural products and help distinguish them from uncertified and unknown-origin products.
    Źródło:
    Acta Mycologica; 2019, 54, 2; 1130
    0001-625X
    2353-074X
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Mycologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Alterations of some chemical and physico-chemical properties of selected soils in field ecosystems
    Autorzy:
    Laskowski, S
    Toloczko, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450264.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    soil chemistry
    physicochemical property
    chemical property
    soil
    soil salinity
    geoecology
    organic carbon
    terrestrial ecosystem
    macroelement
    arable soil
    Opis:
    The research was conducted in 1991-1997 on the soils from arable fields situated near Łódź. To the detailed research there were stated four soil profiles which were different as regards their grain composition (two sand and two silt soils, all shallow) and typology (two profiles of brown leached soils, one pseudopodzolic-gley soil and one fallow glossic grey-brown podzolic soil). Qualification of the directions of the alterations in the content of organic carbon and basic macroelements (P, K, Mg) in soil and hesitation of reaction, hydrolytic acidity and content of the exchangeable basic cations in the soil sorptive complex were the main target of our research. The result of the 7-year-long research showed that different changes took place in the features of the examined soils. However, the exact assignment of the direction of these alteractions is extremely complex and does not warrant getting a satisfying answer. It is the result of taking various agriculture actions which are necessary to the appropriate maintenance of the ecosystems.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 50; 177-188
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soil acidification and the mobilisation of toxic metals caused by acid deposition and fertiliser application
    Autorzy:
    Goulding, K.W.T.
    Blake, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/796448.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    soil acidification
    mobilization
    toxic metal
    acid deposition
    fertilizer application
    long-term measurement
    soil analysis
    soil chemistry
    pH
    long-term experiment
    Opis:
    The Classical and other long-term experiments at Rothamsted Experimental Station illustrate the causes and effects of soil acidification. One hundred and fifty years of precipitation measurements show how atmospheric deposition has increased, causing acidification of grassland and woodland soils. Where applied, ammonium fertilisers cause very rapid acidification unless their effects are offset by the application of lime. Acidification causes the mobilisation and removal by leaching of base cations to be replaced by aluminium, manganese or iron, the reduction of base saturation and, in the long-term, the reduction of cation exchange capacity by the weathering of clay minerals. Mobilised toxic metals are taken up by vegetation growing on the acidified soils. Some plots of the Park Grass Experiment have acidified to sufficiently to cause the release of aluminium to be taken up in hay in amounts toxic to cattle - a Chemical Time Bomb.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 1998, 456
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Chemical criteria in the critical loads concept
    Kryteria chemiczne w koncepcji ładunków krytycznych
    Autorzy:
    Mill, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/795554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    atmosphere pollution
    critical load
    acid deposition
    ecosystem protection
    environment pollution
    chemical criterion
    soil chemistry
    forest ecosystem
    Opis:
    The critical loads concept has been developed under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution as a scientific basis for the negotiations of its environmentally effect-oriented protocols. The basic idea of this concept is to balance the atmospheric depositions which a given ecosystem is exposed to with the capacity of this ecosystem to buffer the input in the system. Accordingly, a critical loads approach to control acidic emissions in relation to their ecological effects has been introduced. Critical load is defined as "a quantitative estimate of an exposure to one or more pollutants below which significant harmful effects on specified sensitive elements of the environment do not occur according to present knowledge". In this study, the critical loads approach has been applied to the problem of forest ecosystem acidification resulting from sulfur and nitrogen emission. There are several criteria that may be used as critical chemical limits in forest soil solution. These are critical pH, critical Al concentration, critical BC/A1 ratio and Al depletion criterion. The reliability of the calculated critical loads is strongly influenced by the quality of the chemical criteria applied. For abiotic aspects like soil chemistry or ground water quality the critical limits are clear because the dose-effect relations are quite well understood. For biotic indicators like root damage it is more difficult to find critical limits which can be used as threshold levels below which effects are negligible. The process of root damage is quite a complex one and a combination of side factors like droughts and adverse soil chemical condition may contribute to it. So, when a single critical limit such as the ВС/Al ratio is used, this will inherently lead to a considerable uncertainty in the value of this critical limit. Critical limits are based on laboratory experiments during a limited period of time in which sample roots are subject to constantly elevated BC/A1 ratios. One of major problems in applying this kind of criteria is the interpretation of the laboratory bioassay results in relation to field conditions. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge and to formulate the major questions that should be answered to abate the existing uncertainty in relating the anthropogenically modified soil chemistry and the reaction of forest ecosystems.
    Koncepcja ładunków krytycznych powstała w ramach Konwencji w Sprawie Transgranicznego Zanieczyszczania Powietrza na Dalekie Odległości, jako naukowa podstawa dla negocjowania jej protokołów zorientowanych na oddziaływania ekologiczne. Podstawowym założeniem tej koncepcji jest bilansowanie atmosferycznej depozycji kwaśnej ze zdolnością ekosystemów naturalnych do jej buforowania. Jako ilościową miarę wrażliwości ekosystemów lądowych i wodnych na depozycję kwaśną wprowadzono pojęcie ładunku krytycznego. Ładunek krytyczny definiowany jest jako: „największą depozycję związków kwaśnych, niewywołującą zmian chemicznych, prowadzących do długotrwałych, szkodliwych skutków dla struktury i funkcjonowania ekosystemów, zgodnie z najnowszym stanem wiedzy". W niniejszych badaniach koncepcję ładunków krytycznych wdrożono do oceny problemu zakwaszania ekosystemów leśnych, w wyniku emisji związków siarki i azotu. Istnieje szereg kryteriów mających zastosowanie w określaniu progowego składu chemicznego przesączu gleb leśnych, takich jak: odczyn, krytyczne stężenie glinu aktywnego, krytyczny stosunek ВС : Al i krytyczne stężenie glinu wymiennego. Wiarygodność wielkości wyznaczanych ładunków krytycznych jest silnie powiązana z rodzajem wybranego kryterium chemicznego w układach abiotycznych, takich jak: struktura chemiczna gleb lub wód gruntowych. Wartości progowe są jednoznaczne, bowiem w tego typu układach zależności dawka-odpowiedź są dobrze wyjaśnione. W przypadku takich wskaźników biotycznych jak np. uszkodzenie systemu korzeniowego wskazanie wartości krytycznych, poniżej których to uszkodzenie nie wystąpi, jest trudniejsze. Proces uszkadzania systemów korzeniowych jest bardzo złożony i oprócz czynników chemicznych uczestniczą w nim takie czynniki uboczne jak: susze, mrozy, choroby grzybowe itp. Wartości progowe ustanawiane są w oparciu o badania laboratoryjne o określonym czasie trwania w trakcie, którego próbki korzeni poddawane są ciągłemu oddziaływaniu np. dobieranych wartości stosunku ВС : Al. Jednym z podstawowych problemów w stosowaniu tak wyprowadzonych kryteriów jest wiarygodność przeniesienia wyników laboratoryjnych na warunki polowe. W artykule tym podsumowano aktualny stan wiedzy i sformułowano zagadnienia wymagające dalszych badań celem zmniejszenia niepewności w opisie zależności pomiędzy antropogenicznie modyfikowanym statusem chemicznym gleb, a reakcją ekosystemów leśnych.
    Źródło:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych; 2002, 481, 1
    0084-5477
    Pojawia się w:
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Comparison of anthropogenic metal deposition rates with excess soil loading from coal, oil and gas industries in the Usa River Basin, NW Russia
    Autorzy:
    Walker, Tony R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2051925.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Russian Arctic
    Usa River Basin
    soil and snow chemistry
    soil loading
    coal combustion
    ash fallout
    Źródło:
    Polish Polar Research; 2005, 26, 4; 299-314
    0138-0338
    2081-8262
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Polar Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Groundwater chemistry and hydrogeochemical processes in a soil catena of the Poznan Lakeland, central Poland
    Autorzy:
    Kozłowski, M.
    Komisarek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1190208.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
    Tematy:
    groundwater chemistry
    soil catena
    Retisols/Luvisols
    Gleysols/Phaeozems
    Opis:
    An attempt has been made to identify the chemical processes that control the hydrochemistry of groundwater in the catena of Retisols/Luvisols and Gleysols/Phaeozems within the Opalenica Plain, central Poland. Groundwater samples were collected from 6 representative piezometers. The quantity of dissolved components in groundwater was connected with the location of piezometers in the relief studied and the properties of the soil’s parent materials. The groundwater of soil located higher in the soil catena was characterised by smaller concentrations of the components when compared with the composition of water from the lowest sites on the slope. The dominant hydrochemical facies are Ca,Mg–HCO3,SO4, Ca,Mg-mixed or Ca,Mg–HCO3 types in the groundwater from the higher part of the slope and Mg–HCO3,SO4 and Mg–HCO3 types in the water from the lower part of the catena. The chemistry of groundwater is the product of the weathering of carbonate minerals and silicate. The Ca2+/alkalinity molar ratio in the groundwater samples from piezometers located higher in the soil catena indicate that the weathering of both calcite and dolomite can occur there, while only dolomite weathering takes place in the groundwater of the catena pediment. The Ca2+/Mg2+ molar ratio in the water samples from the footslope shows an excess of magnesium over calcium, which could be a result of water interacting with Mg-rich silicate minerals, as an additional process to dissolution of dolomite. Furthermore, data for a few water samples from the footslope cover the evaporation zone of the Gibbs plot. This suggests that while contamination could affect the amount of dissolved components, evaporation can modify the groundwater chemistry of footslope. Cluster analysis grouped groundwater samples into two groups with similar characteristics, indicating the influence of the location of a piezometer in the soil catena on the groundwater chemistry.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Elementology; 2017, 22, 2; 681-695
    1644-2296
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Elementology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Balance of heavy metals [Cd, Ni, Pb] in static fertiliser experiments on grasslands
    Autorzy:
    Curylo, T
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1448702.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    grassland
    long-term experiment
    balance
    soil
    meadow soil
    mineral fertilizer
    soil property
    degraded ecosystem
    anthropogenic ecosystem
    agricultural chemistry
    heavy metal
    Opis:
    On the basis of results obtained in 2 static experiments conducted on light and heavy soils with differentiated mineral fertilisation, an approximate balance of Cd, Ni and Pb was determined over 20 years of investigations. The experiments included 3 levels of fertilisers and the control plot. Ammonium nitrate, single or triple superhosphate and potassium salt were used for the treatments. Average amounts ofheavy metals introduced with the fertilisers in both experiments over twenty years were as follows: 37-110 g Cd, 63-195 g Ni and 62-202 g Pb ha-1. The balance ofheavy metals over twenty years assumed different values depending on the fertilisation level and soil conditions. However, irrespective of those factors, the balance assumes a negative value. The effect of nitrogen doses on the balance was slight and depended on the site trophicity. On the other hand, increasing doses of phosphorus and potassium treatment decreased the value of the negative balance difference of cadmium and, to a lesser degree, of nickel, but increased the lead balance.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 189-199
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microelement contents in arable soils of the Upper Silesia
    Autorzy:
    Jasiewicz, C
    Sendor, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1450107.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    manganese
    iron
    arable soil
    Upper Silesian region
    extraction
    microelement
    soil
    content
    soil property
    zinc
    copper
    degraded ecosystem
    anthropogenic ecosystem
    agricultural chemistry
    Opis:
    In the present paper arable soils of the Upper Silesia were evaluated as to copper, zinc, manganese and iron contents, determined in the same extract, i.e. 1 M dm-3 HCl. The studies comprised 20 points in the vicinity of Sosnowiec and 20 points from near Zawiercie. Soil abundance in the available forms of microelements was assessed on the basis of the limiting numbers suggested by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. Soils of Zawiercie and Sosnowiec belonged to those with high contents of zinc in all the cases; in the majority of objects these were the soils with medium contents of copper and manganese. In half of the cases, the soils were classified as possessing low iron content, and in the remaining half as having medium iron content.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 231-235
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of various organic fertilisers on the heavy metal fractions in the soil. Part 2. Chromium and cadmium
    Autorzy:
    Filipek-Mazur, B
    Gondek, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449480.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    chromium
    chemical extraction
    soil
    cadmium
    organic material
    soil property
    degraded ecosystem
    anthropogenic ecosystem
    organic fertilizer
    agricultural chemistry
    heavy metal
    Opis:
    The subject of the paper was to determine chromium and cadmium fractions in the soils treated with tannery organic materials. Methods, characteristics of experimental materials and the tested soils were presented in the first part of the paper. After four years of investigations soil samples were collected for the assessment of the total content of chromium and cadmium and their fractions. Results of a sequential chemical extraction confirmed literature data on the weak mobility of this metal in the soil. After application of the studied fertilisers, the share of the most mobile Cr fractions was slight. Iron oxides and residual fractions were most important for chromium accumulation. Cadmium mobility in the soil and its easy uptake by plants is related to a considerable share of mobile forms. A large share of mobile form was noticed in the analysed soils (54.5-68.3%). Exchangeable fraction bound smaller amounts of cadmium (6.8-13.2%). Similar amounts of cadmium were accumulated in the fractions bound to manganese oxides (8.5-19.6%). Organic matter did not contribute to this element binding and the amounts of cadmium stored in this fraction were 2.3-6.6%. Only very small amount of cadmium was accumulated in the form bound with the initial minerals.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 209-214
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of various organic fertilisers on the heavy metal fractions in the soil. Part 1. Lead, copper and nickel
    Autorzy:
    Filipek-Mazur, B
    Mazur, K.
    Gondek, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1449430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2001
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
    Tematy:
    chemical extraction
    soil
    organic material
    soil property
    copper
    lead
    degraded ecosystem
    anthropogenic ecosystem
    nickel
    organic fertilizer
    agricultural chemistry
    heavy metal
    Opis:
    The present investigations aimed at determining the effect of various organic materials, i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), organic tannery sludge and compost of such sludge and peat on lead, copper and nickel fractions content in soil. Doses of peat compost and organic sludge were calculated according to the nitrogen amount per a FYM dose. After four years of experiment, fractions of Pb, Cu and Ni compounds were assessed in the soil from individual plots using the Zeien and Brummer's sequence chemical extraction method. Heavy metal contents were determined using a ICP-AES in JY 238 Ultrace apparatus. Lead accumulated mainly in the form bound with organic matter and with amorphic iron oxides. This metal distribution reveals its slight share in the mobile and exchangeable forms. Composts and sludge introduced into the soil did not affect any significant changes of the individual lead forms share as compared to FYM and NPK treated plots and the control. Some amount of copper occurred as mobile forms in all the soils. In the soil of all the treated plots, copper occurred mainly bound with organic matter and amorphic iron oxides. The basic share of nickel was found in the residual fraction bound with internal crystalline nets of initial elements. Beside the residual form, nickel was connected mainly with organic matter.
    Źródło:
    Acta Agrophysica; 2001, 51; 201-208
    1234-4125
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Agrophysica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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