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    Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11
    Tytuł:
    Electrical safety in low-voltage DC microgrids with B-type residual current devices
    Autorzy:
    Czapp, Stanislaw
    Tariq, Hanan
    Szultka, Seweryn
    Szultka, Agata
    Zaitseva, Elena
    Levashenko, Vitaly
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087019.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Naukowo-Techniczne Towarzystwo Eksploatacyjne PAN
    Tematy:
    DC microgrids
    low-voltage systems
    protection against electric shock
    reliability
    residual current devices
    Opis:
    Residual current devices (RCDs) are most popular devices used in low-voltage installations for protection against electric shock and fire. In cases of high risk of electric shock the application of RCDs is mandatory. Currently, the spread of local direct current (DC) microgrids is widely considered. This creates new challenges for protective systems, in particular those based on RCDs. The main purpose of the research is to test the operation of B-type RCDs by simulating the conditions that may occur in DC microgrids as well as assessment of the effectiveness of electrical safety with the use of such RCDs. The research has revealed that theoretically identical RCDs in terms of technical data can have different tripping properties, including no reaction to residual direct current, which poses a risk of electric shock. This signalizes the necessity of extension of the normative tests performed by manufacturers. The scope of these additional RCDs tests is indicated, from the point of view of the persons’ safety in DC microgrids.
    Źródło:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność; 2022, 24, 2; 346--358
    1507-2711
    Pojawia się w:
    Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Experimental studies of a moveable wall to a shock wave
    Autorzy:
    Górniak, A.
    Kaźmierczak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245831.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    pedestrian protection
    pyrotechnic actuators
    shock wave
    Opis:
    This paper explains the experiment conducted in order to reveal the response of a movable wall on a shock wave generated by ignition of a pyrotechnic gas generator dedicated for the automotive industry. This same kind of a pyrotechnic gas generator was used in each test. The test station consists on a pyrotechnic actuator in which the movable wall is expressed as a piston. The pyrotechnic actuator was specially design for such type of an investigation. Its design allows withstanding numerous tests without affecting the accuracy, and it is prepared to pressure measurement in three locations on the cylinder. However, here only the pressures measured in the vicinity of a cylinder bottom are under deliberation. This paper focusses on a shape of the piston influence on its movement characteristics (i.e. stroke velocity and acceleration). The experiment has shown that there is an influence of the shape of the movable wall on its movement characteristic. Furthermore, the experiment explained here constitutes a comparison of a piston velocity and acceleration with a flat and concave front surface. The dynamic pressure measurement have proven that the reflected shock wave increases its speed affecting the piston movement.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 3; 145-151
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new active method of protection against electrical shock in low voltage ship networks: experimental results
    Nowa aktywna metoda ochrony przeciwporażeniowej w sieciach okrętowych niskiego napięcia: badania eksperymentalne
    Autorzy:
    Tarnapowicz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/256131.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
    kompensacja parametryczna
    kompensacja aktywna
    falownik czteroprzewodowy
    protection against shock current
    parametric compensation
    active compensation
    four-leg inverter
    Opis:
    The commonly applied electrical networks with an insulated neutral point in ships are not able to protect against electric shock, due to the presence of capacitance between phase wires and the hull, which increases the values of shock current. A new approach to solve this problem is presented. The new idea is based on active compensation of shock current using current sources inserted between the phase wires and the metallic hull. A four-leg transistor inverter controlled by a signal processor (DSP) and a logic programmable array (FPGA) was used as a set of current sources. The arrangement of the test stand obtained for the experimental checking of the concept compensation of shock current is presented together with the experimental results.
    Powszechnie stosowane w okrętownictwie sieci elektryczne z izolowanym punktem zerowym z powodu występowania pojemności doziemnych (powodujących wzrost prądu rażenia) nie zapewniają ochrony przeciwporażeniowej. Autor prezentuje nowe podejście do rozwiązania tego problemu. Nowa idea aktywnej kompensacji prądu rażenia człowieka polega na włączaniu pomiędzy przewody fazowe a kadłub statku aktywnych źródeł prądu. W proponowanym rozwiązaniu jako źródła prądowe został wykorzystany falownik w układzie czteroprzewodowym. W referacie przedstawiono układ stanowiska badawczego, przeznaczonego do eksperymentalnego sprawdzenia koncepcji aktywnej kompensacji prądu rażenia w sieciach okrętowych niskiego napięcia, oraz wyniki badań.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Eksploatacji; 2008, 1; 137-145
    1232-9312
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Eksploatacji
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    An analysis of an explosive shock wave impact onto military vehicles of contemporary warfare
    Autorzy:
    Saska, P.
    Krzystała, E.
    Mężyk, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/244453.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    shock wave
    military vehicle
    landmine and IED protection
    experimental researches
    Opis:
    Landmines and improvised explosive devices (IED) are the basic weapon used by the rebels against the Coalition forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. It is estimated that about 50% of the casualties (wounded and killed) among the soldiers from the US and other countries participating in both conflicts are caused by explosive charge. Introduction of vehicles providing proper protection of the crew against an explosive shock wave generated by a detonation of mines and improvised explosive devices into the arsenal has become one of the priorities of modernization of armed forceps. The parameters critical to the emerging of a hazard for the surrounding includes the overpressure impulse and the shock wave overpressure. The problem of defining the parameters of an explosive shock wave generated after detonation of charges of various mass, shape and physical-chemical properties is a subject of studies at much scientific institution. The gained quantitative data are not, however, published in public reports, thus a need of performing one’s own experimental and numeric research arise. The goal of these studies is to find solutions increasing soldier’s safety at the battlefield. The paper presents an analysis of impact of a shock wave onto structures of military vehicle. Furthermore, methods of experimental definition of explosion shock wave parameters were presented and conclusions for the needs of further experimental-numerical studies were formulated.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2011, 18, 1; 515-524
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Advantages conferred by shock absorbers with cylindrical actuator application to landing gear
    Autorzy:
    Niculescu, A. I.
    Jankowski, A.
    Kowalski, M.
    Sireteanu, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247256.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    shock absorber
    cylindrical actuator
    simulation
    comfort
    load state
    vehicle protection
    pneumatic spring
    Opis:
    Shock absorber with cylindrical actuator is a new concept of integrated damper with floating device, in international patent application PCT/EP2016/061515, with wide application in road, rail and aerial vehicles. Comparative to the known solution with rubber sleeves or bellows, the new one is capable to work at more increased pressure being more compact and due to metallic cylinder is more reliable. The other important advantage consists of it applicability at any kind of shock absorber without any special preparation, the solution consisting of replacing the dust shield with a pneumatic cylinder sealed against rod with a gasket and sliding closed in the lower part by sealing element/s fitted in trough/troughs practiced in an annular body fastened against the outer cylinder. For a better behaviour the patent application contains and solutions with double sliding sealing working at high pressure and thus assuring enough floating forces to sustain the vehicle without standard metallic spring so it can be utilized successfully in aerial vehicles landing gear. By using displacement and pressure transducers and equipment of control and command, it becomes an active suspension. The paper presents the double sliding sealing solution and demonstrates, by simulation the advantages confer by this new solution of shock absorber with cylindrical actuator in landing gear. This purpose was realized a virtual suspension model on which simulated hard landing for vehicle load and unload states, for different pneumatic spring preloaded forces.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2016, 23, 1; 255-262
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quick-response protection system against electric shock in distributed generation systems
    Autorzy:
    Shkrabets, Fedir
    Plaksin, Sergej
    Ostapchuk, Oleksandr
    Kuznetsov, Valeriy
    Tymchenko, Irina
    Muntian, Antonina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840853.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    electric networks
    protection
    reliability
    ground fault current
    electrical safety
    protection against electric shock
    signal processing system
    analog filtering
    sieci elektryczne
    ochrona
    niezawodność
    bezpieczeństwo elektryczne
    ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
    system przetwarzania sygnału
    filtracja analogowa
    Opis:
    The peculiarities of the operation of distributed generation systems lead to a change in the requirements for the reliability and safety of the power distribution systems in which they are integrated. To meet the increased requirements, continuous monitoring of the insulation parameters (active resistance and capacitance to ground) is often used with operating artificial non-industrial frequency operational signals introduced into the network. In the case of a sudden touch, such a system is not effective, since the response time of the protection device, which consists of the signal processing time and the operating of the actuator, is crucially important. For the used operational signals with a frequency of 100 and 200 Hz, the processing time using the Fourier transform is 10 ms for 100 Hz and 5 ms for 200 Hz. Considering that the response time of the fastest actuators (based on vacuum switches) is from 3 to 7 ms, this is a rather significant period of time. To develop an effective resolver system, the capabilities of the Matlab environment were used to determine the most successful design of an analog prototype (Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev and Cauer of 6th order) for an operational signal with a frequency of 200 Hz. As a result, the processing time was established, which varies widely from 3.5 to 19 ms. Taking into account the known indicators, namely the frequency and number of operational signals, a signal processing system was developed using the vector-matrix analysis method. As a result of modeling the processing characteristics of functional signals (at a sampling rate of 1 kHz), the system quick-response was 3 ms, with the possibility of its further decrease as its productiveness increases.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2021, 22, 3; 59-65
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quick-response protection system against electric shock in distributed generation systems
    Autorzy:
    Shkrabets, Fedir
    Plaksin, Sergej
    Ostapchuk, Oleksandr
    Kuznetsov, Valeriy
    Tymchenko, Irina
    Muntian, Antonina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840876.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
    Tematy:
    electric networks
    protection
    reliability
    ground fault current
    electrical safety
    protection against electric shock
    signal processing system
    analog filtering
    sieci elektryczne
    ochrona
    niezawodność
    bezpieczeństwo elektryczne
    ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
    system przetwarzania sygnału
    filtracja analogowa
    Opis:
    The peculiarities of the operation of distributed generation systems lead to a change in the requirements for the reliability and safety of the power distribution systems in which they are integrated. To meet the increased requirements, continuous monitoring of the insulation parameters (active resistance and capacitance to ground) is often used with operating artificial non-industrial frequency operational signals introduced into the network. In the case of a sudden touch, such a system is not effective, since the response time of the protection device, which consists of the signal processing time and the operating of the actuator, is crucially important. For the used operational signals with a frequency of 100 and 200 Hz, the processing time using the Fourier transform is 10 ms for 100 Hz and 5 ms for 200 Hz. Considering that the response time of the fastest actuators (based on vacuum switches) is from 3 to 7 ms, this is a rather significant period of time. To develop an effective resolver system, the capabilities of the Matlab environment were used to determine the most successful design of an analog prototype (Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev and Cauer of 6th order) for an operational signal with a frequency of 200 Hz. As a result, the processing time was established, which varies widely from 3.5 to 19 ms. Taking into account the known indicators, namely the frequency and number of operational signals, a signal processing system was developed using the vector-matrix analysis method. As a result of modeling the processing characteristics of functional signals (at a sampling rate of 1 kHz), the system quick-response was 3 ms, with the possibility of its further decrease as its productiveness increases.
    Źródło:
    Diagnostyka; 2021, 22, 3; 59-65
    1641-6414
    2449-5220
    Pojawia się w:
    Diagnostyka
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Electric shock hazard in circuits with variable-speed drives
    Autorzy:
    Czapp, S.
    Guzinski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/199800.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    variable speed drives
    earth fault currents
    power electronics converters
    protection against electric shock
    residual current devices
    napędy o zmiennej prędkości
    prądy ziemnozwarciowe
    zabezpieczenia przed porażeniem elektrycznym
    przekształtnik energoelektryczny
    Opis:
    The conventional approach to electrical safety under fault condition in typical power systems considers earth fault currents of sinusoidal waveform and frequency of 50‒60 Hz. However, in circuits with variable-speed drives, there is earth fault current flow with harmonics, and these harmonics influence the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. The paper presents earth fault current waveforms in circuits with variable-speed drives without inverter output (motor) filter and with one of the two types of inverter output filters being used. The details of both filters are presented, and the effect of harmonics of earth fault current on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of harmonics, which occurs in circuit of variable-speed drive, on the tripping current of residual current devices is presented. Residual current devices may be utilized to ensure protection against direct and indirect contact, but limitations in their proper operation, due to harmonics, may exist. Operational characteristics of a proposed residual current device dedicated to circuits with earth fault current containing harmonics, as in the variable-speed circuits, are presented.
    Źródło:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2018, 66, 3; 361-372
    0239-7528
    Pojawia się w:
    Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Damping of Off-Central Impact for Selected Industrial Safety Helmets Used in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Korycki, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/91228.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
    Tematy:
    industrial safety helmets
    resistance to penetration
    shock absorption
    side impacts
    protection
    tests
    Polska
    hełm ochronny
    ochrony głowy
    Opis:
    The paper presents a review of head injury criteria and determines an assessment criterion for test results. Parameters characterizing the protection properties of off-central impacted industrial helmets are chosen and the test stands used in the Central Institute for Labour Protection to test those parameters are presented. The idea of damping 2 selected industrial helmets used in Poland is discussed. The test results of the parameters characterizing the protection properties are compared for damped and not damped helmets.
    Źródło:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2002, 8, 1; 51-70
    1080-3548
    Pojawia się w:
    International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Shock safety modeling method for low-voltage electric devices
    Autorzy:
    Korniluk, W.
    Sajewicz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141402.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem
    system ekspertowy
    sieć bayesowska
    prawdopodobieństwo całkowite
    bezpieczeństwo porażeniowe
    safety management process
    expert system
    Bayesian network
    total probability
    protection reliability states
    appearance of touch and electric shock states
    risk analysis and assessment
    Opis:
    The article describes a shock safety modeling method for low-voltage electric devices, based on using a Bayesian network. This method allows for taking into account all possible combinations of the reliability and unreliability states for the shock protection elements under concern. The developed method allows for investigating electric shock incidents, analysing and assessing shock risks, as well as for determining criteria of dimensioning shock protection means, also with respect to reliability of the particular shock protection elements. Dependencies for determining and analysing the probability of appearance of reliability states of protection as well as an electric shock risk are presented in the article.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2010, 59, 3-4; 153-167
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Shock safety modelling of indirect contact with low-voltage electric devices
    Autorzy:
    Korniluk, W.
    Sajewicz, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/141066.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    zarządzanie bezpieczeństwem
    system ekspertowy
    sieć bayesowska
    prawdopodobieństwo całkowite
    ochrona przeciwporażeniowa
    porażenie prądem elektrycznym
    safety management process
    expert system
    Bayesian network
    total probability
    protection reliability states
    appearance of touch and electric shock states
    risk analysis and assessment
    Opis:
    The article presents a shock safety model of an indirect contact with a low-voltage electric device. This model was used for computations and analyses concerning the following: the probabilities of appearance of the particular shock protection unreliability states, electric shock states (ventricular fibrillation), contributions of the unreliability of different shock protection elements to the probability of occurrence of these states, as well as the risk of electric shock (and the shock safety), and contributions of the intensity of occurrence of damages to different shock protection elements to this risk. An example of a possibility to reduce the risk of an electric shock through changing the intensity of occurrence of damages to the selected protection elements was provided.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering; 2011, 60, 3; 303-315
    1427-4221
    2300-2506
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Electrical Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-11 z 11

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