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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    The Evolution and Legacy of the Legal Aspects of the Activities of the Rural Housewives’ Clubs in Poland
    Autorzy:
    Lis, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311144.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
    Tematy:
    Rural Housewives’ Associations
    Rural Women’s Associations
    Farmers’ Associations
    Associations Act
    Rural Women’s entrepreneurship
    RWA Act
    Opis:
    The subject of this article is the analysis of the changes and the legacy of the legal aspects of the Rural Women’s Associations. Its specific purpose is to characterise their history, the legal forms of functioning: as associations, as independent Rural Women’s Associations and the changes resulting from entering into force of the Act of November 9, 2018 on the Rural Women’s Associations. The Author of the article used the dogmatic and the historical-legal methods. The Act of 2018 on the Rural Women’s Associations introduced numerous new legal solutions. Currently, the associations cultivate traditions, contributing to the rural development. They show initiative and build a good image of their area. The implementation of many activities undertaken by the associations is possible thanks to the financing granted from the state budget. Pursuant to the Act on the Rural Women’s Associations of November 9, 2018, a separate organisational formula was created for RWAs which constitute voluntary, independent and self-governing social organisations of village residents. Based on the previously applicable law, the Rural Housewives’ Associations could be created as part of agricultural associations as their independent units. They could also function in the form of associations. The legislator has granted the legal personality to the associations, which allows them to conduct business activity on their own account and use the financial support the public funds. The Rural Women’s Associations perform an important function in the rural environment. They support the integration of local communities, cultivate local and regional customs, develop women’s entrepreneurship in rural areas, combining tradition with modernity.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2023, 22, 2; 433-454
    1732-9132
    2719-9991
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tourist activity of women living in Polish rural areas
    Autorzy:
    Sieńko-Awierianów, Elżbieta
    Eider, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1055224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    free time
    rural women
    surveys
    tourism
    Opis:
    Tourism, especially adventure tourism, is the best form of physical activity, regardless of age, gender and wealth. It is one of the most important and most accessible forms of active recreation. Although socio-economic transformation in the early 1990s had a profound influence on the development of tourism in Poland, for some social groups tourism is still a luxury. The situation of rural women in this regard is particularly difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tourist activity of rural women and find out its main determinants. To achieve these objectives, a survey was conducted among women living in the villages of Koszewo, Pęzino and Kunowo (district of Stargard Szczeciński, West Pomerania). The study showed the increased level of education of rural women and their improved standards of living, clearly reflected in the increased awareness of healthy leisure activities. Analysis of ways of spending vacations by women living in rural areas showed that it depended on their economic activity but not on education. Going abroad for vacations and frequency of trips outside the place of residence depended on both education and economic activity of the surveyed women.
    Źródło:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine; 2014, 8, 4; 107-114
    2300-9705
    2353-2807
    Pojawia się w:
    Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Severity of work in opinions of rural women living in the Bieszczady region of south-eastern Poland
    Autorzy:
    Pawlak, H.
    Petkowicz, B.
    Maniak, B.
    Kuna-Broniowska, I.
    Petkowicz, J.
    Buczaj, A.
    Maksym, P.
    Nowakowicz-Debek, B.
    Gawda, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2081600.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Medycyny Wsi
    Tematy:
    work load
    position at work
    rural women
    Opis:
    Objective. The objective of the study was recognition of the opinions of rural women living in the Bieszczady region of south-eastern Poland, concerning their perception of the degree of severity of work. The study was conducted among the inhabitants of the Cisna commune. Materials and method. The basic research instrument was a questionnaire form containing 15 items. The study covered 101 women living in the Cisna commune in the Bieszczady. The self-reported degree of work load on a farm was analyzed among women who were occupationally active, and those who were not occupationally active. The effect of assistance from family members on the severity of work perceived by women was considered. Results. The women in the study focused on agro-tourism, a few of them were engaged in agricultural work and the majority worked in household gardens. The study showed that occupationally active women work considerably longer, on average, and are the most loaded, compared to those not engaged in occupational activity. The mean daily time devoted to duties on a farm did not significantly differ between occupationally active and non-active women, and amounted to 380 and 320 minutes, respectively. The majority of women who were non-active occupationally evaluated their household chores as the highest work load. In turn, the women who undertook occupational activity assessed them as most burdensome, despite great help from their family. The body positions assumed while performing field work were: standing, standing-bent-over, and walking. The mean evaluations of work load while standing and standing-bent-over did not significantly differ, but affected the work load among women who, however, could not assess the severity of their work resulting from the body position assumed.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2018, 25, 1; 145-150
    1232-1966
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Women in the Rural Social Structure: Aspects of Social Inequalities
    Autorzy:
    Michalska, Sylwia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790366.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-29
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    rural women
    social structure
    inequalities
    types of rural communities
    Opis:
    The place of women in the rural social structure in Poland is changing as a result of transformations in the economic, educational, and behavioral spheres of social life. This article takes into account the growing differences in various types of rural communities in Poland. Three localities, each representing a different type of social structure, were studied: the intelligentsia and workers in the Koszalin area; workers in the Myszków area; and farmers in the Lubartów area. Quota samples of 120 households in each area were studied: 360 in all, with 797 individual interviews. The authors compared the social status of men and women, taking into account their level of education, occupational activity, social position, and income and its influence on how women evaluate themselves.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2020, 211, 3; 363-377
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Socioeconomic determinants of income among rural women in Enugu state, Nigeria
    Autorzy:
    Mukaila, Ridwan
    Falola, Abraham
    Akanbi, Sheu-Usman Oladipo
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033366.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-28
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    rural women
    low-income
    poverty
    SDG
    wellbeing
    agriculture
    Opis:
    Poverty is a global challenge highly concentrated among rural women; thus, women are poorer than their male counterparts. This fact disposes them to a high level of food insecurity, low purchasing power and poor well-being. Understanding the socio-economic factors responsible for the income level of rural women is a prerequisite to boosting their economic status and, in turn, lowering the poverty rate among them. Therefore, this study describes the rural women income and identifies the factors influencing their level of income. Data were collected primarily from 120 rural women and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The study reveals that rural women face a low annual income (USD 626.25) which could dispose them to a high poverty level. Agriculture (practised on a small scale) remains the primary source of income for rural women as it had the largest share (78.8%) of their annual income. Cooperative membership, access to credit facilities and education are the identified socio-economic factors enhancing the yearly income of rural women. At the same time, rural women age and their household size are the inhibiting factors affecting their annual income. To achieve the first Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations, there is a need to support rural women through financial assistance and adult education centres. This would enhance their productivity and income and improve their food security status and well-being.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2021, 62, 4; 363-370
    1899-5241
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Agricultural extension service and vegetable production: the case of women farmers in Imbulpe ds division in Sri Lanka
    Autorzy:
    Rathnachandra, Dilini
    Malkanthi, Pushpa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2141441.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-07-06
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    agricultural extension
    vegetable production
    Imbulpe
    rural women farmers
    Sri Lanka
    Opis:
    This study was conducted to identify the agricultural extension needs of women farmers and to assess the impact of their participation in agricultural extension programs on vegetable production in the area. A sample of 145 women farmers from five Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions of the DS division was randomly selected for the study. Data were collected from a researcher administered survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a regression analysis. As per the results, a significant number of the women farmers have participated in most of the extension and training programs. However, some of them haven’t registered in the farmer organization present in the area. Agricultural extension agents of the area have focused on dissemination of more information regarding modern farming technologies, organic farming, application of agrochemicals and fertilizers, and improving market systems. The majority of women farmers have used the knowledge received from the extension programs in vegetable farming activities. Furthermore, there is a significant and positive relationship between participation in extension programs by women farmers and an increase in vegetable production. Therefore, encouragement of women farmers to register in the farmer organization, provision of timely important extension service to them, organizing training programs, and workshops to disseminate agricultural information are crucial to further enhancement of vegetable production in this area.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2022, 64, 2; 131-139
    1899-5241
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Situation of Economic Activity of Female Rural Dwellers in the Research Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Psyk-Piotrowska, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929674.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-01-04
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    professional activation and inactivation
    rural women
    rural areas
    job security
    plans concerning future employment
    Opis:
    The study is devoted to sociological problems pertaining to the situation of women in the labour market. The problems were presented in the view of rural women themselves in relation to sociological literature and statistical data. The data which constitute the basis for the study are made up of 1600 questionnaires carried out on a nationwide sample of rural women as well as the reports from focus group interviews conducted with four groups of rural women. The study on ‘Rural women in the labour market. The diagnosis, conditions and prospects’ was carried out in 2007–2008 as a part of SOPHRD1.6 (b) project ‘The diagnosis of the social and professional situation of rural women in Poland” funded by ESF and implemented by the Polish Social Policy Association in cooperation with the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy. The objective of the research was to carry out a diagnosis and to indicate the reasons and the determinants of rural women’s activity and inactivity in the labour market. Researchers outlined independent variables regarded as potential indicators of economic activity, the sense of job security, inactivity and the plans concerning future employment. The indicators were grouped into seven sets: 1. variables related to the social standing of an individual 2. family situation 3. socialization patterns 4. socio-political activity 5. environment-related factors 6. educational activity 7. a subjective assessment of the local labour market. The paper focuses on a number of socio-demographic correlates that affect rural women’s labour market situation and merely outlines the presence of other variables that might be important from the point of view of professional activity of this group of women.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 172, 4; 447-466
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Social Capital of Women in Rural Areas and Their Participation in the Socio-political Life
    Autorzy:
    Walczak-Duraj, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929664.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011-01-04
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
    Tematy:
    social capital
    social trust
    rural women in Poland
    participation of women in the socio-political
    life
    women’s organizations
    Opis:
    The basic research problem discussed in this article concerns two inextricably linked fundamental issues. The first of them is connected with a specific character of the social capital in the Polish rural women’s environment, which in this paper is defined in terms of social participation and co-operation based on social trust, maintained networks of contacts, and on the system of their shared values and moral norms. Therefore, definite indices of social trust were adopted for this analysis. They are regarded as independent variables, which can determine the direction and the intensity of rural women’ participation in the socio-political life. The other issue refers to establishing a set of determinants-as exhaustive as possible-of the present and potential participation of rural women in the socio-political life and defining the role played by their social capital as one of these determinants.
    Źródło:
    Polish Sociological Review; 2011, 172, 4; 429-446
    1231-1413
    2657-4276
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Sociological Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Activity of rural women as a driver of local growth
    Autorzy:
    Dziekanowska, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106043.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Centrum Badań i Innowacji Pro-Akademia
    Tematy:
    rural women
    local community
    village
    social involvement
    kobiety z obszarów wiejskich
    społeczność lokalna
    wieś
    zaangażowanie społeczne
    Opis:
    The purpose of this is to address the social activities of women living in rural areas, and especially the degree to which such activities are innovative. Special attention is given to innovations designed to improve the quality of life in local communities, to identify their needs and social problems, and to make attempts to address these. Data for this study comes from in-depth interviews with women who are particularly involved in various areas of social life in their local communities.
    Źródło:
    Acta Innovations; 2017, 24; 47-52
    2300-5599
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Innovations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Political participation of rural female leaders involved in the work of local action groups
    Partycypacja polityczna liderek wiejskich zaangażowanych w prace lokalnych grup działania
    Autorzy:
    Zajda, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1205793.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
    Tematy:
    kobiety wiejskie
    liderki wiejskie
    partycypacja polityczna
    wielkopolskie i podkarpackie lokalne grupy działania
    rural women
    rural female leaders
    political participation
    local action groups from Wielkopolskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships
    Opis:
    The subject of the article is political participation of rural female leaders involved in the work of local action groups. Previous analyses (disregarding the sex category) proved that the members of those organisations are politically active, but did not show whether women involved in their work were active (and if so, to what extent) - especially in the context of the low level of political participation of women living in villages. The aim was to provide the answer to the question whether the political activity of female members of local action groups can influence the form of local political relations. The article presents the results of sociological research involving a direct survey in Wielkopolskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships carried out in 2012 on the sample of 125 female members of local action groups. The majority of them displayed an average level of political participation. What distinguished the respondents against the background of women living in the country was their critical attitude to the local authorities. Many of them declared the will to stand for the next self-governmental election, among others to change the commune management.
    Przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule jest partycypacja polityczna liderek wiejskich zaangażowanych w prace lokalnych grup działania. Dotychczasowe analizy (nie uwzględniające kategorii płci) dowodziły, iż członkowie tych organizacji są aktywni politycznie, jednak nie wskazywały, czy aktywne (i w jakim stopniu) są kobiety zaangażowane w ich prace - zwłaszcza w kontekście niskiego poziomu partycypacji politycznej kobiet zamieszkujących wieś. Dążono do udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy aktywność polityczna członkiń lokalnych grup działania może wpłynąć na kształt lokalnych stosunków politycznych. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań socjologicznych przeprowadzonych za pomocą ankiety rozdawanej w województwie wielkopolskim i podkarpackim w 2012 roku na próbie 125 członkiń lokalnych grup działania. Większość z nich charakteryzowała się średnim poziomem partycypacji politycznej. Respondentki wyróżniały się na tle kobiet zamieszkujących wieś swoją krytyczną postawą wobec lokalnych władz. Wiele z nich deklarowało chęć kandydowania w następnych wyborach samorządowych, chcąc m.in. dokonywać zmian w zarządzaniu gminą.
    Źródło:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development; 2014, 34, 4
    1899-5241
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    “We Deh”: Women-Loving Women, Rurality, and Creole Linguistic Potentials
    Autorzy:
    Kumar, Preity
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31342996.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Ośrodek Studiów Amerykańskich
    Tematy:
    Guyana
    LGBTQ
    Women Loving Women
    Rural
    Creole
    Coloniality
    Opis:
    This paper draws on ethnographic interviews with women-loving women (WLW) in Berbice, Guyana, South America, to interrogate the Creole linguistic term “deh” as a cultural heuristic device central to the visibility politics in this rural community. The linguistic concept of “deh” is a localized Creole (a dialect produced from the mixing of African, Indian, and Indigenous languages), which unsettles the Western image of the “closet” and the discourse of “coming out.” “Deh” is a double-entendre referring to a spatial location, like “over there,” and to a romantic or sexual relationship between two people. How might the linguistic concept of “deh” open up a discursive epistemological space where same-sex desires are not marginalized or relegated in rural spaces? How do women loving women (WLW) create the conditions for their existence in rural spaces? Analyzing nine interviews with WLW, this paper explores how Black and Brown women-loving women embody and express their same-sex desires through the Creole concept of “deh” and argues that “deh” exposes the colonial violence of language. Through “deh,” WLW offers a framework for rethinking self-making and repositioning their relationship to the broader society and the state. The colonial/modern system imposes and projects LGBTQ as a global framework for understanding human sexuality; as a transgressive linguistic and embodied sexual praxis, “deh” destabilizes the colonial knowledge of gender and sexual practices in Berbice. As such, this paper can be read as an act of decolonizing Western knowledge systems.
    Źródło:
    InterAlia: Pismo poświęcone studiom queer; 2023, 18; 82-100
    1689-6637
    Pojawia się w:
    InterAlia: Pismo poświęcone studiom queer
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non-agricultural entrepreneurship of rural women as a factor eliminating socio-economic inequalities and influencing rural area development
    Przedsiębiorczość nierolnicza kobiet na wsi czynnikiem niwelowania nierówności społeczno-ekonomicznych i rozwoju obszarów wiejskich
    Autorzy:
    Stolarska, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1790430.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
    Tematy:
    entrepreneurship
    women
    rural areas
    development
    przedsiębiorczość
    kobiety
    wieś
    rozwój
    Opis:
    On the basis of unpublished data from GUS (Central Statistical Office), in the years 2014-2016, as well as a review of literature, an analysis of the socio-economic situation of rural women, who make a living by running own non-agricultural businesses, was conducted. Income stemming from various sources of earnings was compared with reference to the situation on the labour market. Rural women were characterized on the basis of various types of self-employment undertaken, underlining the major role of such forms of labour in levelling out opportunities and the development of rural areas. Their average age was 45 and the number of people in the family 3.8. Only 2.4% of female entrepreneurs were from single-person households. Types of non-agricultural entrepreneurship were presented, where trade prevailed and 25.9% of entrepreneurs also employed other employees. By applying the coefficient of variation, many differences in the household income of female entrepreneurs were noted.
    Na podstawie niepublikowanych danych jednostkowych GUS z lat 2014-2016 oraz przeglądu literatury przeprowadzono analizę sytuacji ekonomiczno-społecznej gospodarstw domowych kobiet na wsi, utrzymujących się głównie z własnej przedsiębiorczości nierolniczej. Porównano dochody gospodarstw z różnych źródeł zarobkowych oraz w odniesieniu do ogólnej sytuacji na rynku pracy. Scharakteryzowano kobiety podejmujące samozatrudnienie, których przeciętny wiek wynosił 45 lat, a średnia liczba osób w rodzinie 3,8. Zauważono, że najmniejszy odsetek – jedynie 2,4% – dotyczył przedsiębiorczyń z jednoosobowych gospodarstw domowych. Przedstawiono rodzaje prowadzonej przedsiębiorczości nierolniczej, wśród której przeważał handel, a 25,9% przedsiębiorczyń zatrudniało też innych pracowników. Wskazano na duże znaczenie tej formy pracy w wyrównywaniu szans i zaspokajaniu aspiracji oraz rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Za pomocą współczynnika zmienności wykazano znaczne różnice w dochodach gospodarstw domowych przedsiębiorczyń.
    Źródło:
    Annals of The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists; 2019, 21, 4; 486-494
    2657-781X
    2657-7828
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of The Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Southern Rural Feminism: U.S. Women Farmers in Production Agriculture
    Autorzy:
    Duncan, Cassie M.
    Schueths, April M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32222600.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Gender
    U.S. Women Farmers
    Southern United States
    Southern Rural Feminism
    Intersectionality
    Agriculture Industry
    Opis:
    Although U.S. women’s contributions to farming are vital, scholarship on U.S. female farmers is limited, especially in the U.S. South. Twelve women farmers in the Southern United States were interviewed about their experiences and opportunities in production agriculture. This study offers further nuance of the sociological and theoretical complexity and interpretive power of difference feminism and intersectionality, focusing on region and place, to a concept we call Southern Rural Feminism. Participants promote women’s equality yet acknowledge gender differences between the binary gender categories of men and women, where the uniqueness of a woman’s touch offers value to the agriculture industry. Nearly all participants’ everyday life in southern agriculture was grounded in the participants’ Christian faith, and some women used Christianity to explain gender dynamics. Within the context of the traditional rural southern culture, all women experienced differential gendered treatment in the industry, from welcomed gentlemanly behavior and gendered slights to more severe discrimination and harassment. Despite widespread gender problems, findings suggest most women do not view systematic gender oppression in the industry, do not adhere to feminist labels, and are cautiously optimistic about the future of female farmers. Incorporating theoretical discussions of Southern Rural Feminism is vital given U.S. Southern Farm Women’s restricted material access to land, and full participation in production agriculture, a field with tremendous gender inequities.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2023, 19, 2; 30-49
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Did the Sex Ratio at Birth Reflect Social and Economic Inequalities? The Pilot Study from the Poznań Province, 1875–1913
    Autorzy:
    Liczbińska, Grażyna
    Sobkowiak, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1368002.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
    Tematy:
    urban / rural localities
    married / unmarried women
    sources of environmental stress
    sex ratio at birth
    adverse living conditions
    obszary miejskie / wiejskie
    kobiety zamężne / niezamężne
    źródła stresu środowiskowego
    proporcja płci po urodzeniu
    niekorzystne warunki życia
    Opis:
    The goal of this study was to examine whether and to what extent sex ratio values at birth may have reflected social and economic inequalities in the Province of Poznań (German: Provinz Posen) in the last decades of the 1800s and early 1900s. It was assumed that maternal economic, social and emotional well-being differed according to the size of the place of residence (Poznań / town / village) and her marital status (married / unmarried). In the population of the Province, urban areas (e.g., Poznań) and single motherhood were the predictors increasing the chance that the proportion of boys to girls at birth would decline below the biological norm. These factors could affect women during pregnancy through biological (physiological) mechanisms induced by adverse economic conditions (poverty, poor housing conditions, physical effort related to work and spatial mobility) and psychological stress (lack of social approval and support, social instability, occurrence of stigmatization, etc.). It is worth noting, however, that the variability of sex ratio values at birth could also be due to other factors, not identified (captured) in this paper.
    Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy i w jakim stopniu wskaźnik proporcji płci przy urodzeniu mógł odzwierciedlać nierówności społeczne i ekonomiczne w prowincji poznańskiej w ostatnich dekadach XIX i na początku XX wieku. W pracy założono, że ekonomiczny, społeczny i emocjonalny dobrostan matki różnił się ze względu na wielkość ośrodka zamieszkania (Poznań / miasteczko / wieś) i stan cywilny (kobiety niezamężne / mężatki). W populacji zamieszkującej prowincję poznańską obszary miejskie (np. Poznań) i samotne macierzyństwo były predyktorami zwiększającymi szansę na spadek proporcji chłopców do dziewczynek przy urodzeniu poniżej normy biologicznej. Czynniki te mogły działać na kobiety w ciąży poprzez mechanizmy biologiczne (fizjologiczne) indukowane niekorzystnymi warunkami ekonomicznymi (ubóstwo, złe warunki mieszkaniowe, wysiłek fizyczny związany z pracą, mobilność przestrzenna) i stresem psychologicznym (brak aprobaty i wsparcia społecznego, niestabilność społeczna, stygmatyzacja itp.). Warto podkreślić, że zmienność wskaźnika proporcji płci mogła wynikać również z innych czynników, które w tej pracy nie zostały zidentyfikowane (uchwycone).
    Źródło:
    Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski; 2020, 42; 95-121
    0079-7189
    2719-4345
    Pojawia się w:
    Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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