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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 221
Tytuł:
Equality vs. differentiation: on solidarity and justice in social law
Autorzy:
Lach, Eryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social law
axiology of the healthcare system
principle of equality
principle of social solidarity
principle of social justice
principle of the common good
Opis:
The paper describes the question of the principle of equality in social law against the background of permissible differentiation and its justification. The author refers to the axiology of social law as an instrument of social policy by presenting the function of social law. He discusses the question of social justice as distributive justice, and defines the principle of social solidarity and the principle of the common good as the most important for the healthcare system.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 117-133
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of Defendants before the ICC: Between the Principle of Opportunism and Legalism
Autorzy:
Kuczyńska, Hanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706913.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
ICC
International Criminal Court
principle of legalism
principle of opportunism
Prosecutor
Opis:
International criminal tribunals had to make a choice between the principles of opportunism and legalism or decide to use a mixture of these both. They had to decide whether a prosecutor should become “the minister of justice” (as in the principle of legalism) or “the first judge” (evaluating in the frames of principle of opportunism the reasonable basis for prosecuting). This article addresses prosecutorial discretion before the ICC with respect to selecting defendants. Firstly, it analyzes the main differences between opportunism and legalism of prosecution. It also presents models of accusation functioning before the historical and existing international criminal tribunals – which usually opted for opportunism of prosecution. Before the ICC the conditions on which the Prosecutor may initiate an investigation are set in Art. 53(1) of the Statute: “The Prosecutor shall, having evaluated the information made available to him or her, initiate an investigation unless he or she determines that there is no reasonable basis to proceed under this Statute.” It is interesting to observe that this phrase may be interpreted in many various ways, depending on the model of accusation the author belongs to: those coming from the Anglo-Saxon tradition have tendency to search for elements of opportunism; those from civil law states assume that the model of accusation operates according to the principle of legalism. There is also a number of mixed options presented, according to which the ICC operates according to a mixture of these two principles. Finally, the article presents different rules adopted by the ICC Prosecutor (or proposed), which govern the choice of the defendants.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 187-224
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
General Principles of Law in Public International Law
Autorzy:
Saganek, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706921.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
general principle of law
general principle of international law
ICJ Statute
Opis:
This article discusses the classical question whether general principles of law form a separate source of international law. To this end it adopts the method of a posteriori analysis, examining the normative nature of various principles of law one by one. This analysis leads to the conclusion that only some principles have a normative nature, while others lack it.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 243-253
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principle of Opportunism in Criminal Law (Analysis of the Problem and De Lege Ferenda Postulates)
Autorzy:
Patora, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1798600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
principle of opportunism
principle of legality
abandonment of prosecution
limitation
costs of proceedings
Opis:
The article discusses to what extent the principle of opportunism should be used in Polish criminal law in cases where the extent of the criminal case would justify the limitation of its scope in the proceedings. However, to depart rom the principle of legality, which is binding now, it is necessary to satisfy many conditions as well as to account for the costs of the proceedings, and in many cases, to take into account limitation periods in prosecuting and judging them. It is justified to compare the prosecution and judicial authorities to other entities, despite their specific functions, in terms of effi ciency of actions and the level of a product developed. The article also presents certain solutions adopted in German criminal law to formulate de lege ferenda postulates.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2021, 141(1); 69-93
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principles of work of different types of underwater breathing apparatus
Autorzy:
Kłos, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/258586.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska. Wydział Inżynierii Mechanicznej i Okrętownictwa
Tematy:
diving apparatus
principle of work
Opis:
This paper is continuation the diving apparatuses classification method (Polish Maritime Research, No 1/2008), depend on three criteria: the kind of the breathing gas, the operational depth range of the diving apparatus, and the principle of operation. There are presented principle of work particular class of apparatuses.
Źródło:
Polish Maritime Research; 2008, 4; 72-84
1233-2585
Pojawia się w:
Polish Maritime Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Public Procurement Rules and the Prevention of Corruption
Zasady zamówień publicznych a zapobieganie korupcji
Autorzy:
Papierz, Julia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29551964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
public procurement
corruption
principle of fair competition
principle of transparency
principle of openness
principle of writtenness
zamówienia publiczne
korupcja
zasada uczciwej konkurencji
zasada przejrzystości
zasada jawności
zasada pisemności
Opis:
The article points out the difficulties of defining the phenomenon of corruption, the main risks of public procurement related to the occurrence of corrupt behaviour, and the role of the proper application of public procurement rules as tools for the prevention of corruption. This is because these principles are a guide for the contracting authority on how to take certain actions during the procedure, and which ones to avoid in order to ensure that the public procurement procedure is carried out in a lawful manner and that public funds are spent in an efficient and reasonable manner. Where discretionary slack exists, this is an indicator of the proper use of the discretion left to the contracting authority. The risk of corruption in public procurement is mainly due to the fact that significant public funds are spent in the course of public procurement, and the risk of bribery or collusion in tendering exists, regardless of the stage of the procedure.
W artykule wskazuje się na trudności związane ze zdefiniowaniem zjawiska korupcji, główne zagrożenia zamówień publicznych związane z występowaniem zachowań korupcyjnych oraz na rolę właściwego stosowania zasad zamówień publicznych jako narzędzi zapobiegania korupcji. Zasady te bowiem są wskazówką dla zamawiającego, jak podejmować pewne działania w trakcie postępowania, a jakich unikać, aby postępowanie o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego przebiegło w sposób zgodny z prawem, a środki publiczne zostały wydane w sposób efektywny i rozsądny. W przypadku występowania luzów decyzyjnych są wskaźnikiem właściwego wykorzystania pozostawionej zamawiającemu swobody podjęcia decyzji. Zagrożenie korupcją w zamówieniach publicznych wynika głównie z faktu wydatkowania w ich trakcie znacznych środków publicznych, a ryzyko wystąpienia przekupstwa czy zmowy przetargowej istnieje niezależnie od etapu prowadzonego postępowania.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2024, 1; 10-19
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The criminal liability of the medical team considering the recent orientation of the Italian Court of Cassation
Autorzy:
Furramani, Emanuela
Bushati, Rrezart
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1991084.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
medical team
medical liability
the principle of reasonable confidence
the principle of individual criminal responsibility
Opis:
This article aims to analyze the thematic of medical team liability considering the recent Italian Supreme Court case-law, highlighting the various problems linked to the identification of the responsibility of each member of the team. The participation of several subjects in the execution of medical treatment makes the question of criminal liability very complex, especially when it comes to inauspicious events, such as injuries or death, occurring during medical treatment. The question concerns the exact identification of the duty of care and vigilance of the medical team and whether this duty is in line with the principle of individual criminal responsibility guaranteed by Article 27 of the Italian Constitution. In this regard, the case-law has elaborated the so-called “principle of reasonable confidence”, according to which the division of labour that belongs to each member should involve a delimitation of his responsibility, limited only to what is within his competence, except in case of the person who organizes, directs, and controls the team. Precisely, based on this principle, the Italian Supreme Court in 2018 reasserted that in the medical team is necessary to identify the role played by each member, thus avoiding resorting to objective responsibility.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2022, 13, 25; 214-225
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The juridical nature of the European Court of Justice and the principles of its activity
Autorzy:
Hasneziri, Vilma
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1036601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
european integration
juridical nature of the european court of justice
the principle of legality
the principle of proportionality and subsidiarity and the principle of respecting the human rights
Opis:
The European Union is a reality closer and closer for Albania as well. The status Albania obtained as a candidate country, not only means a step forward towards the European Union, but it also sets forth a number of challenges to be solved such as, freedom, property, democracy, human rights, the fight against organized crime and corruption etc. Under these circumstances, the analysis of the issues that have to do with the European Union is of a great importance, as in the near future, Albania is designated to join the great European family. The scope of this work is to analyze tow important aspects that have to do with one of the most important institutions of the European Union, such as the European Court of Justice. The first aspect of this work, which is also its first subject, refers to the juridical nature of the European Court of Justice. Analyzing this topic, we shall see that this Court, as per its nature, contains elements of different courts, thus, presenting similarities with the Constitutional Courts of Member States, civil courts, criminal courts, administrative and labour courts and with other international courts as well. However, despite the similarities it presents with other courts, the European Court of Justice is a court of a special kind, “sui generis”, exactly as the European Union is, thus, an organization of a special kind. The second aspect of this paper, which is also its second issue, analyses the fundamental principles where the European Court of Justice bases its activity. The most important principles are that of equality and non discrimination, the principle of protecting and guaranteeing the human rights, the principle of access before the court or the right to address the court, the principle of legality as well as the principles of proportionality and subsidiarity. In this work, especially in the second part, there shall be presented several decisions of the European Court of Justice as well, that have to do with its interpretation on the dispositions of the establishing Treaties as well as the analysis of the above mentioned principles. At the end of this work, there will be given its conclusions as well as the bibliography where it is based on.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2015, 12; 207-225
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Systematicity of General Principles of (International) Law – An Outline
Autorzy:
Kozłowski, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-01
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
general principle of international law
general principle of law
limits of international law
systematicity of international legal order
Opis:
International law reflects systemic conditions compatible with its essence, which means that a space must exist inside the borders of that order for the presence of the phenomenon of general principles. The assumption that international law is a legal system ipso facto means that general principles must exist within its borders. A general principle of law is a necessary element of every legal order. It is a form and a tool in which the efforts of the individual seeking to comprehend a given phenomenon are materialized through imposing order on it rather than by breaking it down into unconnected and independent elements. Since law is an expression of order, law therefore applies general principles. The systematicity of law, and therefore of international law as well, creates the primary source of the binding force of any norm. Considerations of natural law or positive law justifications for the presence of general principles in international law are of little consequence, as the source of general principles is the systemic nature of the law. Order and hierarchy are part of the rationalized system in which norms of law present themselves. This dependency applies also to norms of international law. The role of the judge is to fill in the appropriate normative content (general principles) in fields constituting at one and the same time both a necessary element and a consequence of the systemic character of the international legal order. Within this context the principle of good faith constitutes one of the bases for considerations concerning the extent of the international legal order. The extent of international law reaches as far as the extent to which evidence of good faith are present among the subjects of international law. The impossibility of describing relations between two states by the use of the determinants of good faith, translated in turn into a normative general principle, determinates the limits of international law.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2017, 37; 225-234
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Discrete homing problems
Autorzy:
Lefebvre, M.
Kounta, M
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/964041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
optimal control
principle of optimality
absorption problems
Opis:
We consider the so-called homing problem for discrete-time Markov chains. The aim is to optimally control the Markov chain until it hits a given boundary. Depending on a parameter in the cost function, the optimizer either wants to maximize or minimize the time spent by the controlled process in the continuation region. Particular problems are considered and solved explicitly. Both the optimal control and the value function are obtained.
Źródło:
Archives of Control Sciences; 2013, 23, 1; 5-18
1230-2384
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Control Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Principle of pithiness in US prison slang
Autorzy:
Dziedzic-Rawska, Alicja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/605970.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
prison slang
principle of pithiness
metaphor
metonymy
Opis:
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
The present paper introduces ‘the principle of pithiness’ in US prison slang, which assumes that, in order to communicate successfully, prisoners need to use language that is terse and vigorously expressive. Such function is served by figurative language as it is rich in meaning, emotional content, and, simultaneously, is economical in form. Using prison-specific metaphors and metonymies, prisoners provide new quality: without the thorough study of the prison context prison slang is esoteric to the outsider. Therefore, the paper is also a voice for integrating linguistic analysis with that of the context (cf. Kövecses 2015).
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2017, 41, 2
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Principle of a Single Estate and Its Role in Delimiting the Applicable Laws
Autorzy:
Pacuła, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1030003.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-29
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
EU Succession Regulation
principle of unity of succession
characterisation (classification)
Opis:
This paper argues that the principle of unity of succession is one of the key concepts of the Succession Regulation. By operation of this principle on the jurisdictional level, the Regulation tends to favor a perspective of a single Member State when it comes to all issues related to succession. The principle of unity of succession does not of course eliminate the need to proceed to the characterization and to delimitate the scopes of conflict of laws rules at stake. However, this principle — aiming to promote a unitary vision of a single estate in all the Member States bound by the Regulation — sets a tone for some interpretative techniques that tend to favor succession-related characterization of the issues having some importance in the context of succession with cross-border implications. According to the Author, effet utile-driven characterization, on the one hand, and succession-friendly characterization of the issues falling within ‘gray areas’ created by the operation of Article 1(2) of the Succession Regulation, on the other hand, are among them.
Źródło:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego; 2020, 26; 107-123
1896-7604
2353-9852
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Has the acceptance of the equality and freedom principles increased over 15 years? A comparative analysis of attitudes among students
Autorzy:
Czerniawska, Mirosława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194894.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
attitudes
democracy
the principle of equality and freedom
Opis:
The publication deals with the description of attitudes towards the democratic principles of equality and freedom among students. The survey was conducted four times in five-year time intervals (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018). Samples had 325, 379, 368, and 371 respondents respectively. The author speculated that the advancement of the transformation is accompanied by growth of the acceptance of pro-democratic attitudes among students, namely the wider acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom. The attitudes were diagnosed using nine pairs of statements (these include both original statements and statements adopted from literature). The hypothesis was not confirmed. The acceptance of the principles of equality and freedom has not increased in consecutive surveys and for many statements the acceptance has decreased.
Źródło:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja; 2020, 17, 1; 95-115
2300-0422
Pojawia się w:
Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada pomocniczości jako wyznacznik roli prawotwórczej samorządu terytorialnego
Autorzy:
Mijal, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/523772.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
prawo miejscowe
zasada subsydiarności
zasada decentralizacji
samorząd terytorialny
local law
the principle of subsidiarity
the principle of decentralization
local government
Opis:
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnień związanych ze stanowieniem aktów prawa miejscowego, które powinny być wydawane przez organy samorządu terytorialnego z uwzględnieniem zasady pomocniczości i decentralizacji. Zasady te – wynikające zarówno z konstytucji, jak i aktów prawa międzynarodowego – powinny być brane pod uwagę w procesie wydawania prawa miejscowego. Obowiązujące przepisy nie w pełni umożliwiają wdrożenie przedmiotowych zasad w procesie stanowienia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. W związku z tym istnieje potrzeba dokonania zmian legislacyjnych, które doprowadzą do pełnego urzeczywistnienia zasady pomocniczości w procesie wydawania aktów prawa miejscowego. Obecnie organy samorządu terytorialnego mają zbyt mało swobody w zakresie tworzenia lokalnych aktów prawotwórczych. Jest ona ograniczana przez władzę ustawodawczą, która każdorazowo określa zakres swobody prawodawczej organu samorządu w ramach delegacji ustawowej. Istnieje zatem potrzeba wprowadzenia zmian w tym zakresie, zmierzająca do zwiększenia kompetencji organów samorządu terytorialnego, które wówczas w większym stopniu będą mogły realizować potrzeby społeczności lokalnej.
The article concerns the regulation of the local legislation. Local government should create legislative acts with the principle of subsidiarity and decentralization. These principles – resulting from the Constitution and acts of international law – should be taken into account when structuring the adoption of the local law. Existing regulations do not fully implement these principles. Therefore, there are a few need for legislative changes that will lead to the full implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. Currently, the local government authorities have too little freedom in making local law. It is limited by the legislative authority, which acts always defines the scope of freedom. This should be changed to increase the competence of the local government, which to a greater extent will realize the needs of the local community.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2014, 2 (18); 215-231
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal Nature of the Time Limit in the Verification Proceedings of Article 307 of the Act of June 6, 1997 - Code of Criminal Procedure. Legal Analysis
Autorzy:
Sędziński, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/45262086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Akademia Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
examination proceedings
examination activities
time limit
preclusionary period
instructional period
firm deadline
principle of substantive truth
principle of speed of proceeding
Opis:
This article raises the legal nature of the time limit for determining the duration of the verification procedure. An attempt was made to determine whether the 30-day time limit set out in Article 307 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is an instructional term or rather a firm one with negative legal consequences. The legal analysis covered the issue of the distinction of time limits in the Polish criminal procedure. The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure list a number of time-limits which can be classified as intricacies, pre-inclusive and instructional. However, it is also not difficult to find terms that do not fall into any of these categories. This article therefore proposes the allocation of procedural time limits to address the issue of the classification of code terms. The considerations in this regard have also contributed to determining the legal nature of the time-limit of Article 307 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The article also addresses the issue of the collision of the main procedural principles, which include the principle of efficiency and speed of criminal proceedings and the rule of establishing substantive truth.
Źródło:
Przegląd Policyjny; 2022, 148(4); 200-216
0867-5708
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Policyjny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 221

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