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Tytuł:
Assessment of the Possibility of Using Reclaimed Materials for Making Cores by the Blowing Method
Autorzy:
Dańko, R.
Dańko, J.
Skrzyński, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
moulding sand
reclamation
environmental protection
piasek formierski
regeneracja
ochrona środowiska
Opis:
The cumulative results of investigations of the possibility of using the reclaimed materials after the mechanical, thermal or mechanical-thermal reclamation for making cores by means of the blowing method in the alkaline CO2 technology, are presented in the paper. Three kinds of spent sands: with furfuryl resin, bentonite and alkaline phenolic resin, obtained from the foundry, were subjected to three kinds of reclamation: mechanical, thermal and combined mechanical-thermal, applying for this aim adequate experimental devices. The obtained reclaims were assessed with regard to the degree of the matrix liberation from the determined binding material. Reclaims of moulding sands with binders of the form of resin were assessed with regard to ignition loss values and pH reaction, while reclaims of moulding sands with bentonite with regard to the residual clay content and pH value. In all cases the results of the performed sieve analyses were estimated and the average characteristic diameter dl was determined. The reclaimed matrix was applied as a full substitute of the fresh high-silica sand in typical procedures of preparing core sands used for making shaped samples for bending strength investigations, Rgu.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 21-26
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
High Temperature Thermal Properties of Bentonite Foundry Sand
Autorzy:
Krajewski, P. K.
Suchy, J. S.
Piwowarski, G.
Krajewski, W. K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380747.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting
solidification
bentonite sand mould
thermophysical properties
odlewanie
krzepnięcie
piasek formierski
bentonit
właściwości termofizyczne
Opis:
The paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity and heat capacity of bentonite foundry sand in temperature range ambient – 900 °C. During the experiments a technical purity Cu plate was cast into the green-sand moulds. Basing on measurements of the mould temperature field during the solidification of the casting, the temperature relationships of the measured properties were evaluated. It was confirmed that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2; 47-50
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Carbon Fibers Addition on Selected Properties of Microwave-Cured Moulding Sand Bonded with BioCo2 Binder
Autorzy:
Grabowska, B.
Kaczmarska, K.
Cukrowicz, S.
Drożyński, D.
Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
Bobrowski, A.
Gawluk, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381465.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbon fiber
polymer binder
thermostability
moulding sand
włókno węglowe
spoiwo polimerowe
termostabilność
piasek formierski
Opis:
It was found that the addition of carbon fibers (CFs) does not affect the crosslinking process in the microwave radiation (800 W, 2.45 GHz) of the BioCo2 binder, which is a water solution of poly(acrylic acid) and dextrin (PAA/D). It has influence on BioCo2 thermal properties. The CFs addition improves the thermostability of a binder and leads to the reduction of gas products quantity generated in the temperature range of 300-1100°C (TG-DTG, Py-GC/MS). Moreover, it causes the emission of harmful decomposition products such as benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene to be registered in a higher temperatures (above 700°C). BioCo2 binder without CFs addition is characterized by the emission of these substances in the lower temperature range. This indicates the positive effect of carbon fibers presence on the amount of released harmful products. The selected technological tests (permeability, friability, bending strength, tensile strength) have shown that the moulding sand with the 0.3 parts by weight carbon fibers addition displays the worst properties. The addition of 0.1 parts by weight of CFs is sufficient to obtain a beneficial effect on the analyzed moulding sands properties. The reduction of harmful substances at the higher temperatures can also be observed.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 152-160
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the Selected Parameters of the Thermal Reclaimer
Autorzy:
Łucarz, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382249.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
thermal reclamation
thermal reclaimer
test equipment
spent sand
regeneracja
regeneracja termiczna
obróbka cieplna
piasek formierski
Opis:
The investigation results of the influence of the selected parameters of the thermal reclaimer operations on the temperature changes in the combustion chamber and the process energy consumption, are presented in the hereby paper. The analysis of the heat treatment was performed with the application of a fresh foundry sand, since it was assumed that the dominating energy part was used for the grain matrix heating and due to that, the energy used for burning small amounts of organic binder remained on sand grains could be omitted. Thermal treatment processes performed under various conditions were analysed from the point of view of a gas consumption and temperatures obtained in the experimental reclaimer. The recorded data allowed to point out the parameters having essential influence on the process of the quartz matrix heating in the combustion chamber as a gas consumption function.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 67-72
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Research on Selected Types of Lustrous Carbon Carriers After the High - Temperature Pyrolysis
Autorzy:
Kamińska, Jadwiga
Stachowicz, M.
Kubecki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1837781.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
foundry
green moulding sand
lustrous carbon
pyrolysis
core shooting
odlewnia
piasek formierski
węgiel błyszczący
piroliza
Opis:
For research purposes and to demonstrate the differences between materials obtained from the carbonaceous additives to classic green moulding sands, five lustrous carbon carriers available on the market were selected. The following carbonaceous additives were tested: two coal dusts (CD1 and CD2), two hydrocarbon resins (HR1 and HR2) and amorphous graphite (AG1). The studies of products and material effects resulting from the high-temperature pyrolysis of lustrous carbon carriers were focused on determining the tendency to gas evolution, including harmful compounds from the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene). Moreover, the content of lustrous carbon (LC), the content of volatile matter and loss on ignition (LOI) of the carbonaceous additives were tested. The solid products formed during high-temperature pyrolysis were used for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of elemental composition after the exposure to temperatures of 875oC in a protective atmosphere and 950oC in an oxidizing atmosphere. The conducted studies have indicated the necessity to examine the additives to classic green moulding sands, which is of particular importance for the processing, rebonding and storage of waste sand. The studies have also revealed some differences in the quantitative and qualitative composition of elements introduced to classic moulding sands together with the carbonaceous additives that are lustrous carbon carriers. It was also considered necessary to conduct a research on lustrous carbon carriers for their proper and environmentally friendly use in the widely propagated technology of classic green sand system.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2021, 21, 1; 56-62
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of the Matrix Grain Size on the Apparent Density and Bending Strength of Sand Cores
Autorzy:
Dańko, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383095.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
moulding sand
core sand
blowing method
inorganic binder
bending strength
piasek formierski
piasek rdzeniowy
spoiwo nieorganiczne
wytrzymałość na zginanie
Opis:
The results of investigations of the influence of the matrix grain sizes on properties of cores made by the blowing method are presented in the hereby paper. Five kinds of matrices, differing in grain size compositions, determined by the laser diffraction method in the Analysette 22NanoTec device, were applied in investigations. Individual kinds of matrices were used for making core sands in the Cordis technology. From these sands the shaped elements, for determining the apparent density of compacted sands and their bending strength, were made by the blowing method. The shaped elements (cores) were made at shooting pressures being 3, 4 and 5 atn. The bending strength of samples were determined directly after their preparation and after the storing time of 1 hour.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 27-30
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Bentonite Clay Addition on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Conventional Moulding Sands
Autorzy:
Kamińska, J.
Puzio, S.
Angrecki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
bentonite
bentonite clay
moulding sand
montmorillonite
strength properties
bentonit
glinka bentonitowa
piasek formierski
montmorylonit
właściwości wytrzymałościowe
Opis:
Bentonites and clays are included in the group of drilling fluids materials. The raw materials are mainly clay minerals, which are divided into several groups, like montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, biotite, muscovite, nontronite, anorthoclase, microcline, sanidine or rutile, differing in chemical composition and crystal lattice structure. Clay minerals have a layered structure forming sheet units. The layers merge into sheets that build up to form the structure of the mineral. The aim of the studies carried out in the ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - Foundry Research Institute is to explore the possibility of using minerals coming from Polish deposits. The article outlines the basic properties of hybrid bentonites, which are a mixture of bentonite clay called beidellite, originating from overburden deposits of the Turoszów Mine, and foundry bentonite from one of the Slovak deposits. As part of the physico-chemical tests of minerals, measurements included in the PN-85/H-11003 standard, i.e. montmorillonite content, water content and swelling index, were carried out. Additionally, the loss on ignition and pH chemical reaction were determined. Based on the thermal analysis of raw materials, carried out in the temperature range from 0 to 1000⁰C, changes occurring in these materials during heating, i.e. thermal stability in contact with liquid metal, were determined. Examinations of the sand mixture based on pure clay and bentonite and of the sand mixture based on hybrid bentonites enabled tracing changes in permeability, compressive strength and tensile strength in the transformation zone as well as compactability referred to the clay content in sand mixture. Selected technological and strength parameters of synthetic sands are crucial for the foundry, because they significantly affect the quality of the finished casting. Based on the analysis of the results, the optimal composition of hybrid bentonite was selected.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 1; 111-116
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparison of Molding Sand Technology Between Alphaset (APNB) and Furan (FNB)
Autorzy:
Ghosh, Dipak K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381891.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Alphaset
Furan
foundries
molding sand
heat strength
residual strength
gases
environment
odlewanie
piasek formierski
wytrzymałość cieplna
Opis:
The paper focuses on investigation of properties of two most widely used self-set sand binder systems APNB and FNB across the Globe, for making molds and cores in foundries to produce castings of different sizes involving wide range of metals and alloys, ferrous and nonferrous. This includes study of compression strength values of samples made out of molding sand at different binder addition level using new, mechanically reclaimed (MR) and thermally reclaimed (TR) sand. Strength values studied include dry strength (at room temperature) at specified intervals simulating different stages of mold handling, namely stripping and pre heating, followed by degraded strength after application of thinner based zircon wash by brush, subsequent lighting of, then checking strength both in warm (degraded strength) & cold (recovered strength) conditions. Throughout the cycle of mold movement from stripping to knock out, strength requirements can be divided into two broad classifications, one from stripping to closing (dry strength) and another from pouring to knock out (hot & retained strength). Although the process for checking of dry strength are well documented, no method using simple equipments for checking hot & retained strength are documented in literature. Attempts have been made in this paper to use some simple methods to standardize process for checking high strength properties using ordinary laboratory equipments. Temperature of 450°C has been chosen by trial & error method to study high temperature properties to get consistent & amplified values. Volume of gases generated for both binders in laboratory at 850°C have also been measured. Nature of gases including harmful BTEX and PAH generated on pyrolysis of FNB and APNB bonded sands are already documented in a publication [1]. This exercise has once again been repeated in same laboratory, AGH University, Poland with latest binder formulations in use in two foundries in India.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 11-20
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on the Gases Emission of Moulding and Core Sands with an Inorganic Binder Containing a Relaxation Additive
Autorzy:
Bobrowski, A.
Żymankowska-Kumon, S.
Kaczmarska, K.
Drożyński, D.
Grabowska, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
moulding sand
aluminosilicates
geopolymer
inorganic binder
gases emission
piasek formierski
glinokrzemiany
geopolimer
spoiwo nieorganiczne
emisja gazów
Opis:
The paper presents the results of an investigation of the gases emission of moulding sands with an inorganic (geopolymer) binder with a relaxation additive, whose main task is to reduce the final (residual) strength and improves knocking-out properties of moulding sand. The moulding sand without a relaxation additive was the reference point. The research was carried out using in accordance with the procedure developed at the Faculty of Foundry Engineering of AGH - University of Science and Technology, on the patented stand for determining gas emissions. Quantification of BTEX compounds was performed involving gas chromatography method (GC).The study showed that the introduction of relaxation additive has no negative impact on gas emissions - both in terms of the total amount of gases generated, as well as emissions of BTEX compounds. Among the BTEX compounds, only benzene is emitted from the tested moulding sands. Its emission is associated with the introduction a small amount of an organic hardener from the group of esters.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 19-25
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nanostructure of the soluble sodium silicate in the aspect of basic mechanical characteristic of the moulding sands
Autorzy:
Baliński, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/410728.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Oddział w Lublinie PAN
Tematy:
nanostruktury
koloidy
piasek formierski
odlewy
ochrona środowiska
nanostructure
colloid
soluble sodium silicate
moulding sand
casting
environmental protection
Opis:
The paper describes the consequential advantages of the use of inorganic binders, particularly soluble sodium silicate, in the aspect of the environmental protection. Nanostructure of the soluble sodium silicate as a silicate colloid is described. Research of the structure of the soluble sodium silicate is executed with the use of the PCS method (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy). Characteristic parameters of the nanostructure of the soluble sodium silicate and the method of the estimation of the quantitative structure of the colloid are introduced. It has been proved that the nanostructure of the soluble sodium silicate has an essential influence on its proprieties as binders of the moulding sands. Mechanical characteristic of the moulding sands executed with this binder are dependent on the kind of the nanostructural characteristic of the soluble sodium silicate.
Źródło:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes; 2012, 1, 1; 3-8
2084-5715
Pojawia się w:
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Technological Properties of Thermo-insulating Moulding Sands with Organic Binder
Autorzy:
Stec, K.
Cholewa, M.
Kozakiewicz, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
skeleton castings
moulding sand
organic binder
technological properties
CRS
odlewy szkieletowe
piasek formierski
środek wiążący
właściwości technologiczne
Opis:
A thermo-insulating moulding sand with a binder made of aluminosilicate microspheres with organic binder was subjected to testing. The aim of the analysis was to determine selected technological properties of the developed compounds. Compressive strength, friability and gas permeability were determined. The binder content was changed within a range of 5÷20 wt% with a 5% step. The applied matrix is characterized by good thermo-insulating properties and a small size of grains, while synthetic organic binder has favourable functional properties, among which the most noteworthy are the extended life and setting time, good rheological properties as well as high resistance to chemical agents. The intended use of the compound is the casting of 3D CRS (Composite Reinforced Skeletons), which are characterized by a well-developed heat transfer surface area, good absorption of impact energy, low mass and a target thickness of connectors within a range of 1.5÷3 mm. The construction of 3D CRS castings is an original concept developed by the employees of the Department of Foundry Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 105-110
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of the Content of Furfuryl Alcohol Monomer on the Process of Moulding Sands Thermal Destruction
Wpływ zawartości monomeru alkoholu furfurylowego na proces destrukcji cieplnej mas formierskich
Autorzy:
Dobosz, S. M.
Drożyński, D.
Jakubski, J.
Major-Gabryś, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/354435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
moulding sand
thermal destruction
bending strength
hot-distortion
piasek formierski
deformacja cieplna
wytrzymałość na zginanie
formowanie na gorąco
Opis:
The article discusses the issue of the influence of furfuryl alcohol content in resin binders on properties of moulding sand at elevated temperature. Reducing the share of this component - due to the requirements of the European Union regarding its toxicity - may cause a decrease in temperature of moulding sands’ destruction and, consequently, the thermal deformation of moulds and the creation of many casting defects. The study examined the impact of the furfuryl alcohol content of the thermal destruction processes and on the strength of the moulding sand at an ambient temperature and the tendency to thermal deformation.
W artykule omówiono zagadnienie wpływu zawartości alkoholu furfurylowego w spoiwach żywicznych na właściwości mas formierskich w podwyższonej temperaturze. Zmniejszenie udziału tego składnika – spowodowane wymaganiami Unii Europejskiej odnośnie jego toksyczności – może powodować obniżenie temperatur destrukcji masy, a w konsekwencji deformację cieplną form i powstanie wielu wad odlewniczych. W pracy przebadano wpływ zawartości alkoholu furfurylowego na procesy cieplnej destrukcji spoiwa a także na wytrzymałość masy w temperaturze otoczenia oraz skłonność do deformacji cieplnej.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 1093-1096
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strength Properties of Ceramic Moulds Containing Spent Moulding Sand After Initial Reclamation
Autorzy:
Angrecki, M.
Kamińska, J.
Jakubski, J.
Wieliczko, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379908.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
ceramic shell moulds
spending moulding sand
reclaimed sand
lost wax process
strength properties
formy ceramiczne
piasek formierski
właściwości wytrzymałościowe
Opis:
The results of testing the strength properties of experimental ceramic materials containing spending moulding sand after initial mechanical reclamation as a material for subsequent layers of the stucco composition were presented. Tests were carried out on spent moulding sands from various foundry technologies, i.e. sand with furfuryl resin and sand with hydrated sodium silicate. The spent, agglomerated moulding sand has undergone a crushing process. Next, the required granular fractions used for individual layers of the stucco material were separated. Ceramic samples, in which the spent moulding sand was a substitute for fresh silica sand in successive layers of the stucco composition, were prepared. As a reference material, identical ceramic samples were used but with all layers made from the fresh silica sand. Samples prepared in this way were used to determine the bending strength of ceramic materials in the temperature range from 20 to 900ºC. The obtained values of the bending strength have demonstrated that spent moulding sand can be used in investment casting with no adverse effect on the strength of ceramic materials.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 3; 5-10
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Influence of Microwave Drying Parameters on the Properties of Synthetic Moulding Sands
Autorzy:
Nowak, D.
Gal, B.
Włodarska, A.
Granat, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry technologies
drying
moulding sand
strength properties
permeability
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
suszenie mikrofalowe
piasek formierski
właściwości wytrzymałościowe
przepuszczalność
Opis:
In this work, the influence of microwave drying parameters such as irradiation time and microwave power level on the properties of synthetic moulding sands is presented. Determination of compressive strength Rcs, shear strength Rts and permeability Ps of synthetic moulding sands with the addition of two different bentonites, after drying process with variable microwave parameters were made. The research works were carried out using the microwave oven with regulated power range of the electromagnetic field. From the results obtained, the significant influence of both drying time and microwave power level on the selected properties of moulding sands was observed. In comparison to the conventional drying method, microwave drying allows to obtain higher compressive strength of the synthetic moulding sand. The influence of application microwave irradiation on permeability was not observed. Higher strength characteristics and shorter drying time are major advantages of application of the electromagnetic irradiation for drying of the synthetic moulding sand with regard to conventional drying method.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 4; 51-54
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Temperature on Chromite-Based Moulding Sands Bonded with Sodium Silicate
Autorzy:
Stachowicz, M.
Kamiński, M.
Granat, K.
Pałyga, Ł.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
foundry engineering
chromite sand
moulding sand
baking temperature
sodium silicate
odlewnictwo
piasek formierski
masa formierska
temperatura zapiekania
krzemian sodu
Opis:
In the paper, a research on effects of baking temperature on chromite sand base of moulding sands bonded with sodium silicate is presented. Pure chromite sand and its chromite-based moulding sand prepared with use of sodium silicate were subjected to heating within 100 to 1200 °C. After cooling-down, changes of base grains under thermal action were determined. Chromite moulding sand was prepared with use of 0.5 wt% of domestic made, unmodified sodium silicate (water-glass) grade 145. After baking at elevated temperatures, creation of rough layer was observed on grain surfaces, of both pure chromite sand and that used as base of a moulding sand. Changes of sand grains were evaluated by scanning microscopy and EDS analyses. It was found that changes on grain surfaces are of laminar nature. The observed layer is composed of iron oxide (II) that is one of main structural components of chromite sand. In order to identify changes in internal structure of chromite sand grains, polished sections were prepared of moulding sand hardened with microwaves and baked at elevated temperatures. Microscopic observations revealed changes in grains structure in form of characteristically crystallised acicular particles with limited magnesium content, intersecting at various angles. EDS analysis showed that these particles are composed mostly of chromium oxide (III) and iron oxide (II). The temperature above that the a.m. changes are observed in both chromite-based moulding sand and in pure chromite sand. The observed phenomena were linked with hardness values and mass of this sand.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 147-152
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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