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Tytuł:
Controversial advertising of medicines. A comparison between Poland and the United States
Autorzy:
Makowska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
pharmaceutical industry
advertisement
drugs
law
ethics
Opis:
For many years, the subject of aggressive marketing campaigns conducted by pharmaceutical companies has been raised in Poland. Drug ads are everywhere, on television, the radio, magazines and on the Internet. Therefore, it is extremely important is to ensure both their legal and ethical dimension. This article will present the differences between direct-to-consumer advertising of medicines in Poland and in the US. The dissimilarities result mainly from differences in legislation. In Poland, the law is much stricter than in the US. For example, in the United States companies are allowed to advertise prescription drugs directly to patients. In the whole of the European Union, and thus in Poland, it is strictly prohibited. The article will also present other regulations existing in Poland and in the United States and it will compare them. It will offer examples of violations of the law and ethics in the advertising of medicine in both countries. Lastly, it will briefly outline the negative consequences of unacceptable pharmaceutical marketing.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 5; 67-79
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contemporary Trends in the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry in the World
Autorzy:
Dorocki, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
Tematy:
BRIC;
clinical trials;
pharmaceutical industry;
relocation;
USA
Opis:
The pharmaceutical industry remains today a prominent high-technology sector of the economy,and consistently maintains its competitiveness on the world market at a very high level. Similarly to aircraft and spacecraft manufacturing and the electro-energy industry, pharmaceutical industry belongs to a group of innovative high-technology industries, which are based on scientific research results processed for industrial activities. The purpose of this study is to present and analyse global trends currently observed in the pharmaceutical industry in the world. In an era of increasing globalization, new prime movers of the development of the pharmaceutical industry are the countries from peripheralregions, mainly members of the BRICS group. For this reason, this article focuses on the emerging Asian and Latin American markets, next to the United States and countries of Western Europe. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Brazil and China deemed the stimulation of the pharmaceutical industry one of the prime determinants of their future economic development. The following paper at first presents characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry products: innovative and generic medicines, medications available without prescription, biological agents, biosimilars and pharmaceutical substrates. Furthermore, the author specifies the properties and rates the dynamics of changes that are taking place in the global pharmaceutical market, while explaining the specifics of the relocation of the pharmaceutical industry. By comparing the number of publications in the field of pharmacy in selected countries of the world, the author confirmed the increasing importance of this industry on the global economy. In the last part of the article, the author presents the structure, number and distribution of clinical trials on a global scale. To illustrate the trends currently taking place in the development of the pharmaceutical industry, the author used raw statistical data in the field of pharmacology and literature on the subject.
Źródło:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego; 2014, 25; 108-131
2080-1653
Pojawia się w:
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The importance of “disclosure” in relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical companies
Autorzy:
Makowska, Marta
Jasiński, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/653029.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
conflict of interest
disclosure
ethical standard
pharmaceutical industry
Opis:
The article raises issues of transparency in relationships between doctors and drug manufacturers. It indicates how important it is as a way for physicians and the pharmaceutical industry to regain public trust. The manuscript will define the concept of disclosure. It will discuss in detail The Physician Payment Sunshine Act from the U.S., which imposes a legal obligation on pharmaceutical companies to disclose their relationships with doctors and university hospitals. The article will also show the diverse regulation of disclosure in different countries of the European Union. The situation in Poland will be also described. In the summary, there will be a discussion about the importance of disclosure for patients and the advantages and disadvantages of such regulations for physicians and drug manufacturers.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2018, 21, 5; 81-94
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Telegraph communication networks used by the Japanese pharmaceutical industry in 1901
Autorzy:
Amijima, Takashi
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138600.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
Tematy:
Industrialization
regional formation
pharmaceutical industry
telegraph code
Japan
patent medicine
Opis:
This article examines how the communication network of the Japanese pharmaceutical industry operated around the turn of the century to create spatial interactions across the national medicine market during a period of intense industrialization. In 1901, pharmaceutical wholesalers in Osaka compiled The Telegraph Codebook of Pharmacies in Japan to facilitate national trade in medicine, although its use was restricted to only the 177 pharmacies that joined the Pharmaceutical Telegraph Communication Alliance. This alliance had close ties with wholesalers in Osaka and comprised national-level qualified chemists. The use of this communication network by telegraph enabled the integration and progression of the Japanese pharmaceutical market in the early 20th century; however, pharmacies also began to build diferent and layered communication networks that corresponded to their respective business styles. Findings indicate that pharmacies used diferent communication networks of diferent spatial scales, thereby operating regional specialization and national integration networks simultaneously.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2019, 23, 3; 144-151
0867-6046
2084-6118
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Indian Legal Framework in Shaping Patents Regime in the Healthcare Sector vis-à-vis Securing Right to Public Health
Autorzy:
Roy, Piyush
Chandani, Ridhima
Kulshrestha, Sony
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44754035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-15
Wydawca:
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
patent
healthcare
right to health
pharmaceutical industry
global value chain
Opis:
The patents regime in healthcare sector and its tussle with right to public health is a long controversial saga. The crux of matter which is debated focuses upon providing patent rights that reduces the accessibility of cost-effective healthcare services, particularly in developing country. The counter point to this has remained that providing patent allows nurturing of research and development in the healthcare sector, which promotes the healthcare industry to take initiatives to tackle various health related problems and provide better treatment. According to the rival opinions presented in the aforesaid, the centre of the issue is health, therefore it is necessary to discuss the corresponding rights of citizens and duties of the government to make healthcare industry favourable.
Źródło:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem; 2023, 15, 2; 98-110
2080-1084
2450-7938
Pojawia się w:
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne Studia nad Prawem
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The characteristics of the current drug policies in India, Nepal and Bangladesh
Autorzy:
Sarowar, Mohammad Golam
Bhattarai, Nawaraj
Jain, Payal
Bochenek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/635036.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
pharmaceutical policy, drug policy, pharmaceutical industry, access to drugs, health care reforms, Bangladesh, India, Nepal
Opis:
The current Indian national drug policy has its roots in two documents originated in the 70-ties and the 80-ties of the XX. century. Although the first National Drug Policy was declared in 1978, it has been revised thrice since then, in 1986, 1994 and 2002. Also, in 1986 another document on the Indian drug policy, titled “Measures for Rationalisation, Quality Control and Growth of Drugs and Pharmaceutical Industry in India” was evolved. The drug policy has been implemented under some legal acts related mainly to the fields of health care, family welfare, scientific research and development, and industry. It emerged from the findings of the Hathi Committee (a committee commissioned to study the operations of multinational drug companies vis-à-vis indigenous companies and public sector undertakings).
Źródło:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie; 2008, 6, 1-2
2084-2627
Pojawia się w:
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of Consumption Behavior of Over-the-Counter Medications - the Case of Painkillers and Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Autorzy:
Turek, Artur
Owczarek, Aleksander
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/522517.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
Rynek farmaceutyczny
Zachowania konsumenta
Przemysł farmaceutyczny
Leczenie
Pharmaceutical market
Consumer behaviour
Pharmaceutical industry
Medical treatment
Opis:
From the marketing and medical point of view it will be interesting to conduct the study in the same time on a wider geographical area and compare the influence of the determinants on consumption behaviors regarding OTC painkillers and OTC anti-inflammatory medications as well as buying behaviors in the market of these medications. Studies of consumption behavior and consumer behavior in the market of these medications must also include purely medical aspects. Still, it is cumbersome to include physiologic, pathophysiologic or genetic features in a survey or in a questionnaire interview.(
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2014, 15; 25-59
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Restructuring of the European Pharmaceutical Industry between 2000 and 2018
Restrukturyzacja europejskiego przemysłu farmaceutycznego w latach 2000–2018
Autorzy:
Nagy, Benedek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1812130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
przemysł farmaceutyczny
wydajność pracy
wzrost
państwa Grupy Wyszehradzkiej
pharmaceutical industry
labor productivity
growth
Visegrád countries
Opis:
To meet the requirements of global competition, the European Union (EU) places particular emphasis on the development of knowledge‑intensive, innovative industries. The pharmaceutical industry, as a high‑tech manufacturing subsection, has a long tradition in Europe. However, the distribution of pharmaceutical industry employment and value added is not even within the Union, and its temporal dynamics is also different. In the present paper, I examine the change of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry within the Union using country groups. I compare the development of pharmaceutical industry employment in the period between 2000 and 2018 in three country groups. I use a simple decomposition method to separate the effects of sector growth and labor productivity change on the change of pharmaceutical employment to find out how similarly this industry evolved in the different country groups. The analysis shows that while in the 12 original, i.e., pre–2004, member states (Core EU), employment slightly increased alongside a considerable increase in value added, the nine post‑socialist countries (PS9) achieved slightly greater value added expansion combined with substantial employment growth. Meanwhile, the four Visegrád countries (V4) achieved a value added growth similar to the PS9, but an even greater employment growth. This indicates that the part of the pharmaceutical industry operating with higher labor productivity is concentrating in the Core EU countries, while in the less developed post‑socialist countries, the part of the pharmaceutical industry with lower labor productivity is developing.
Aby sprostać wymaganiom globalnej konkurencji, Unia Europejska (UE) kładzie szczególny nacisk na rozwój opartych na wiedzy, innowacyjnych branż. Przemysł farmaceutyczny, jako dział produkcji zaawansowanych technologii, ma w Europie długą tradycję. Jednak rozkład zatrudnienia i wartości dodanej w przemyśle farmaceutycznym nie jest równomierny w obrębie Unii, a jego rozwój w czasie jest również zróżnicowany. W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy zmian struktury przemysłu farmaceutycznego w Unii Europejskiej w oparciu o grupy państw. Porównano rozwój zatrudnienia w branży farmaceutycznej w latach 2000–2018 w trzech grupach państw. Użyto prostej metody dekompozycji, aby oddzielić wpływ wzrostu sektora i zmiany wydajności pracy na zmiany zatrudnienia w przemyśle farmaceutycznym, aby dowiedzieć się, do jakiego stopnia podobnie ewoluowała ta branża w różnych grupach państw. Z analizy wynika, że o ile w 12 państwach będących członkami UE przed 2004 r. (Core EU) zatrudnienie nieznacznie wzrosło jednocześnie ze znacznym wzrostem wartości dodanej, to dziewięć państw postsocjalistycznych (PS9) osiągnęło łącznie nieco większy wzrost wartości dodanej przy znacznym wzroście zatrudnienia. W międzyczasie cztery państwa Grupy Wyszehradzkiej (V4) osiągnęły wzrost wartości dodanej podobny do PS9, ale jeszcze większy wzrost zatrudnienia. Wskazuje to na koncentrację części przemysłu farmaceutycznego o wyższej produktywności pracy w państwach Core UE, podczas gdy w słabiej rozwiniętych państwach postsocjalistycznych rozwija się część przemysłu farmaceutycznego o niższej wydajności pracy.
Źródło:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe; 2021, 24, 2; 103-118
1508-2008
2082-6737
Pojawia się w:
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The impact of firm-based organizational citizenship behavior on continuance and normative commitment among pharmaceutical executives: An SEM approach
Autorzy:
Oamen, Theophilus Ehidiamen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2189661.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
Tematy:
organizational citizenship behavior
normative commitment
pharmaceutical industry
structural equation modeling
social exchange theory.
continuance commitment
Opis:
Aim/purpose – The study was based on social exchange theory and addressed the effects of firm-based organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on normative and continuance organizational commitment (OC). Multigroup behavioral differences among pharmaceutical executives were also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – This study employed an empirical, explanatory cross-sectional study with online questionnaires administered to four hundred and one randomly selected pharmaceutical executives in Nigeria. The covariance-based structural equation modeling technique was used for testing hypotheses. Firm-based OCB domains –conscientiousness, sportsmanship, and civic virtue were regressed on OC domains of continuance, and normative. The hypothesized effects of firm-based OCB on the domains of OC were examined using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). Findings – The structural model had acceptable fit measures. Conscientiousness and sportsmanship behaviors were negatively related to normative OC while civic virtue had a positive significant relationship with normative OC. Multigroup comparisons based on gender, profession, and type of organization revealed significant effects on the relations between civic virtue and normative OC. Employees highly vested with enhancing and representing their company’s image, tend to be more obligated to continue and remain with the organization. The more self-directed, and less-complaining employees are, the lower the tendency to remain with the organization. The nuances of group differences among employees had an impact on examined relationships. Research implications/limitations – Human resource managers should adequately stimulate and motivate employees to be ambassadors of the organization. This is achievable by instilling a sense of ownership and loyalty in employees. Further implications are discussed. Originality/value/contribution – The study disentangled the relations between OCB and OC in the context of pharmaceutical executives in a developing country. The study highlighted the essence of group-specific differences in behavioral evaluation among pharmaceutical executives.
Źródło:
Journal of Economics and Management; 2023, 45; 47-67
1732-1948
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Concentration of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market: selected issues
Autorzy:
CZESAK-STARŻYK, Joanna Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/529734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
concentration
competition protection
medicinal product
President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection pharmacy
pharmaceutical market
pharmaceutical industry
Voivodship Pharmaceutical Inspector
Opis:
The article has been selected due to the need to determine the legal basis for the consolidation of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market and to identify the difference from the common pattern established by the regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act dated 16 February 2007. The selection of an enactment (the Competition and Consumer Protection Act or the Pharmaceutical Law Act) as the appropriate basis for ruling shapes the legal status of an entrepreneur on the pharmaceutical market, in particular with respect to selecting specific remedies.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME); 2017, No. 2; 257-270
2353-9119
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is There any Improvement in Total Factor Productivity Growth of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry after TRIPS Agreement? : Evidence from Biennial Malmquist Index
Autorzy:
Pal, Dipyaman
Chakraborty, Chandrima
Ghose, Arpita
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14459584.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)
TRIPS
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Biennial Malmquist Index
Opis:
Aim: Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) has undergone a massive makeover–from a modest beginning of “process patents regime” in the seventies to a modern and WTO compatible regime under the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System (TRIPS) in 2005. This paper estimates Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry (IPI) using firm level data from 2000 to 2013.   Design / Research methods: We have used nonparametric approach of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using Biennial Malmquist Index.   Conclusions / findings: The results of estimation suggest an increase in overall TFPG of IPI after TRIPS agreement and also those vertically integrated firms involved in both bulk drugs production and formulation activities are less productive compared to firms that are involved in production of only bulk drug or formulation activity.   Originality / value of the article: This paper examines whether productivity of IPI has increased after 2005 i.e. after the period of TRIPS, by estimating TFPG for two sub-periods, i.e., from 2000 to 2005 and 2006 to 2013.   Implications of the research: The decomposition of TFPG suggests that for overall period 2000-2013, scale changes are the most important factor causing the productivity changes and among the other two alternative sources of TFPG, efficiency change dominates over technical changes. For the sub-period 2006-2013, the improvement in the scale efficiency may push the firms to a higher TFPG, whereas for 2000-2005 the better utilization of factors of production is the main driver of TFPG. A second stage panel regression suggests that R&D expenditure, Marketing expenditure, Market size, Capital-Labour ratio, import intensity and export intensity have positive and significant influence on TFPG.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2018, 2, 3; 55-80
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“It Works by Activating Very Basic Instincts […]”: Medical Students’ Opinions about the Benefits and Risks of the Pharmaceutical Industry’s Marketing Efforts Aimed at Medical Doctors
„To działa na takie bardzo podstawowe instynkty […]” – opinia studentów medycyny o zaletach i ryzykach związanych z marketingiem farmaceutycznym skierowanym do lekarzy
Autorzy:
Makowska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28048467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
socjologia medycyny
psychologia społeczna
edukacja medyczna
przemysł farmaceutyczny
sociology of medicine
social psychology
medical education
pharmaceutical industry
Opis:
Cooperation between the pharmaceutical industry and medical doctors is both necessary and inevitable. As part of the medical community, medical students are likely to have developed specific views as to its benefits and risks. The article is part of a series of articles presenting selected results of nine focus group interviews from three cities (Warsaw, Kraków, and Gdańsk). The study used social constructivism as a theoretical framework, and thematic analysis was performed. In their group discussions, the students drew links between cooperation’s perceived benefits and risks. Despite the associated risks, most medical students perceive benefits obtained from the pharmaceutical industry as attractive. Better education about social, psychological issues (manipulation techniques) and the conflict of interest is needed in medical schools.
Współpraca przemysłu farmaceutycznego z lekarzami jest konieczna i nieunikniona. Studenci medycyny, jako część społeczności medycznej, prawdopodobnie rozwinęli specyficzne poglądy na temat korzyści i zagrożeń z nią związanych. Artykuł jest częścią cyklu przedstawiającego wybrane wyniki dziewięciu zogniskowanych wywiadów grupowych z trzech miast – Warszawy, Krakowa i Gdańska. W badaniu wykorzystano konstruktywizm społeczny jako ramę teoretyczną i przeprowadzono analizę tematyczną. W dyskusjach grupowych studenci stworzyli powiązania między postrzeganymi korzyściami i zagrożeniami we współpracy lekarzy z przemysłem. Choć przyszli lekarze dostrzegali wiele ryzyk, to jednak korzyści uzyskiwane od przedstawicieli przemysłu wydawały im się bardzo atrakcyjne. Badanie wskazuje, że na uczelniach medycznych potrzebna jest lepsza edukacja w zakresie zagadnień społecznych, psychologicznych (sposobów manipulacji) oraz konfliktu interesów.
Źródło:
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej; 2023, 19, 3; 220-241
1733-8069
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of growing herbs in Polish agriculture
Determinanty uprawy ziół w polskim rolnictwie
Autorzy:
Spychalski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/71250.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Włókien Naturalnych i Roślin Zielarskich
Tematy:
determinant
plant cultivation
herb
Polska
agriculture
economic activity
medicinal plant
pharmaceutical industry
raw material
market condition
farm
economic situation
Opis:
The paper describes basic determinants of the medical plant cultivation in Polish agriculture. The author discussed economic background of the introduction of these plants indicating the role of pharmaceutical industry in herb usage. Then, there is a presentation of results of the survey study carried out among farmers from the Wielkopolska region. Approximately 10% of the farms cultivate medicinal plants but more than 50% declare some interest in this kind of production, what indicates a big potential. Farmers think that herbs are economically attractive crops if the sale is guaranteed and the price is satisfactory. The demand for medicinal plants is developing and expanding for e.g. dietary supplements and other health-promoting products. Therefore, it can be concluded that cultivation of medicinal plants is the prospective direction of agricultural production and an important element of additional income of Polish farmers.
Artykuł przedstawia podstawowe uwarunkowania uprawy roślin zielarskich w polskim rolnictwie. Autor opisał tło ekonomiczne wprowadzania do struktury produkcji ziół, wskazując na rolę przemysłu farmaceutycznego w wykorzystaniu surowca zielarskiego. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród rolników województwa wielkopolskiego. Przeciętnie 10% gospodarstw uprawia zioła, ale połowa deklaruje zainteresowanie tymi roślinami, co świadczy o dużym potencjale produkcyjnym. Rolnicy uznają zioła za rośliny atrakcyjne ekonomicznie pod warunkiem gwarancji zbytu i dobrej ceny sprzedaży. Popyt na surowce zielarskie zależy od zapotrzebowania rynku leków roślinnych, który rozwija się i rozszerza o suplementy diety i inne artykuły prozdrowotne. Zatem uprawa roślin zielarskich jest perspektywicznym kierunkiem działalności rolniczej i stanowi ważne uzupełnienie w przychodach polskich gospodarstw.
Źródło:
Herba Polonica; 2013, 59, 4
0018-0599
Pojawia się w:
Herba Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exposure assessment of pharmaceutical powders based on an environmental monitoring method: a pilot study
Autorzy:
Demircan Yildirim, Fatma
Ekmekci, Ismail
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087446.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-03
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dra Jerzego Nofera w Łodzi
Tematy:
environmental monitoring
occupational safety in the pharmaceutical industry
risk assessment
working environment measurement
exposure to API
determination of surface contamination
Opis:
BackgroundAbout 8 million healthcare workers in the USA are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs or their toxic metabolites over a long period of time despite the fact that both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the European Parliament recommend the monitoring of exposure among workers dealing with substances which have carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic effects on the reproductive system. The objective of this study is to determine exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) among pharmaceutical industry workers, and to develop a methodology which promotes the accurate monitoring, evaluation and control of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients, also in compliance with good manufacturing practice.Material and MethodsThe pilot study was designed in accordance with “Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing – Current Good Manufacturing Practice,” issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The samples were collected with the swab technique which was recommended in the “Validation of Cleaning Processes (7/93)” guideline. The minimum numbers of locations (NL = 9) and sampling points (NL(T) = 63) were determined according to ISO 14644-1:2015 “Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments” issued by the International Organization for Standardization. The samples were analyzed using an ultra performance liquid chromatography system, with an analytical method which was developed and validated according to “Q7A, Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients” issued by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The low limit of quantification of the employed method (17 ng/ml) enables the determination of exposure at low concentrations.ResultsWhile contamination was detected in 43 (68.3%) of the 63 samples collected, 20 (31.7%) could not be detected. The environmental monitoring results ranged 0–15 000 ng/cm2 and the potential risk of exposure to API was considered to be >2 g.ConclusionsThe results clearly prove and reveal the magnitude of the hazard, both objectively and scientifically, when compared to the research which suggests that 10 ng/cm2 should be considered the prohibitory risk level in quantitative terms.
Źródło:
Medycyna Pracy; 2020, 71, 6; 649-663
0465-5893
2353-1339
Pojawia się w:
Medycyna Pracy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Agriculture and GMOs: challenges past and present
Autorzy:
Grzeskowiak, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
agriculture
genetically modified organism
biotechnology
medical treatment
pharmaceutical industry
molecular biology
vegetable protein
food
genetic mutation
plant cultivation
vegetable cultivation
risk
profitability
perspective
Źródło:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology; 2012, 93, 3
0860-7796
Pojawia się w:
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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