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Tytuł:
Patent Licensing in Selected European Countries Rafał Wisła, Tomasz Sierotowicz
Autorzy:
Wisła, Rafał
Sierotowicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/474874.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę Cognitione
Tematy:
patent
patent licensing
intellectual property commercialization
Opis:
The issue of the commercialization of patents, as an exemplification of the industrial property, is mostly considered at the microeconomic level. Patent commercialization belongs to the innovation management process, which takes place in innovative organizations. Such microeconomic research approach does not take into account the phenomenon of the intellectual property simultaneous spread and use of scientific and technical knowledge in the economy. These observations lead to undertaking research on the commercial use of patents in the economy. The aim of this paper is to present the research results of the patent licensing as one of the forms of commercialization in the selected European countries in the long time period. The main purpose of undertaken research was to identify and measure the patent licensing dynamics, which is part of the one of the major research related to identify and structure recognition of patents commercialization stream. To achieve this purpose, the collection of patent metadata for the member states of the European Patent Office was used, as well as the author’s own concordance IPC→NACE table. As a result of the research, some of the European countries were identified as leading, in terms of the number of licensed patents, the dynamics spread of patent property in the European economy that was set, and the branches were established, in which the emerging new industrial solutions are the subject of commercialization with the use of license contracts.
Źródło:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation; 2015, 11, 3; 67-87
2299-7075
2299-7326
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Recent advances in the identification of patent thickets
Najnowsze osiągnięcia w dziedzinie identyfikacji chaszczy patentowych
Autorzy:
Benalcazar, P.
Kamiński, J.
Kaszyński, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/394039.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Tematy:
patent thickets
patent system
patent examination
chaszcze patentowe
system patentowy
badania patentowe
Opis:
Recent empirical research has provided compelling evidence that the proliferation of intellectual property rights (IP) and the fragmentation of patent rights among different patent holders have created barriers to innovation and impediments to the commercialization of scientific discoveries. Legal and economic scholars have suggested that due to the rising number of patent applications, the limited resources in patent offices around the world and the lack of sufficient time to prior art search, examiners have failed to conduct thorough patent examination processes. Moreover, researchers have linked the growing number of overlapping intellectual property rights to the tragedy of the anticommons and to the concept of patent thickets. Multiple studies have been performed in order to develop measures that could verify the existence of patent thickets and to better understand the social and economic impact of fragmentary patent owners. When it comes to the energy sector, the problem of patent thickets is now even more important. As the technological innovation in this sector increases and the energy-related patenting continues to grow, it has been argued that the issue of patent thickets may have a direct impact on investment decisions and the long-run development of this sector. This paper presents an overview of literature on the definition of a patent thicket and summarizes some of the possible factors causing thickets to arise. Additionally, it discusses the recent developments in patent thicket measures and patent thicket identification methods.
Wyniki prowadzonych w ostatnim czasie badań empirycznych wskazują, że rozprzestrzenianie praw własności intelektualnej (Intellectual Property – IP) oraz fragmentacja praw patentowych wśród różnych posiadaczy patentów stwarzają bariery dla innowacji oraz powodują utrudnienia w komercjalizacji odkryć naukowych. Prawnicy i ekonomiści zasugerowali, że ze względu na rosnącą liczbę zgłoszeń patentowych, ograniczone zasoby w urzędach patentowych na całym świecie oraz brak wystarczającego czasu na uzupełnienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy w danej dziedzinie, osoby odpowiedzialne za ich weryfikację nie były w stanie przeprowadzić szczegółowych badań patentowych. Ponadto wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują na powiązanie rosnącej liczby nakładających się praw własności intelektualnej do tzw. tragedii prywatnego zawłaszczenia i koncepcji chaszczy patentowych. Przeprowadzono wiele badań w celu opracowania narzędzi i miar, które mogłyby zweryfikować występowanie chaszczy patentowych oraz lepiej zrozumieć społeczny i ekonomiczny wpływ właścicieli fragmentarycznych praw patentowych. Problem chaszczy patentowych jest istotny dla sektora energetycznego, ponieważ staje się on coraz bardziej innowacyjny. W konsekwencji kwestia chaszczy patentowych może w znacznym stopniu wpłynąć na jego długoterminowy rozwój. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia przegląd literatury dotyczącej pojęcia chaszczy patentowych oraz omawia wybrane czynniki powodujące wzrost udziału chaszczy patentowych. Ponadto w artykule omówiono najnowsze osiągnięcia w odniesieniu do mierników chaszczy patentowych oraz metod ich identyfikacji.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN; 2017, 97; 231-241
2080-0819
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The patent box as an instrument for creating innovation in EU countries
Autorzy:
Zegarowicz, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128099.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Patent Box
innovation policy
tax incentive
patent
Opis:
The purpose of the paper is to present the Patent Box, a tax instrument for creating innovative potential which is becoming increasingly popular in EU economies, and to analyze what impact a Patent Box can have on the level of innovation of a country’s economy. To achieve this objective, two research methods are used: critical analysis of the literature and quantitative research. The literature studies involved presenting the operation mechanism of Patent Boxes and justifying (based on the theory of economics) the usage of such instruments in creating the innovation potential of an economy. The quantitative research consisted in analyzing the relationship between Patent Box instruments possessed by individual EU countries within their tax systems in the years 2011–2015 and the level of innovation in these countries expressed as outcome indicators based on the number of patents. The conducted analysis allowed the author to validate the hypothesis that the Patent Box has an effect on the level of innovation in EU countries. In Polish scientific literature there are relatively few publications addressing the issue of the operating mechanisms of the Patent Box or the economic effects resulting from the application of this kind of innovative tax policy tool. Considering the importance of innovation in making economic growth processes more dynamic, there is a need to undertake further research in this scope. The conducted research facilitates exploration of both the theoretical and empirical knowledge of the issue. Its conclusions might also prove useful in the scientific debate concerning the support provided by the state to the private sector in Poland in their efforts to embark on innovative activities.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 154-167
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cluster as place of efficient diffusion of knowledge. Experiences of Lower Silesia
Autorzy:
Wachowska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/108402.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
knowledge flows
clusters
patent cooperation
patent citations
Polska
Opis:
Due to the fact that clusters should implement the idea of an open innovation model, the paper focuses on the role of Lower Silesian clusters in promoting knowledge flow between enterprises and other network participants, which are measured by the numbers of joint inventions and patent citations. On the basis of the analysis of national and international patent applications, it has been found that few inventions of enterprises are created in cooperation with other cluster members as well as that enterprises refer to the knowledge of other cluster members in their patent descriptions to a limited extent, which in general does not support the thesis that cluster membership contributes to the intensification of knowledge-diffusion processes.
Źródło:
Managerial Economics; 2018, 19, 2; 227-249
1898-1143
Pojawia się w:
Managerial Economics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Computer patent databases as the source of scientific and technical information
Autorzy:
Kwapich, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1954027.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Politechnika Gdańska
Tematy:
computer patent databases
technical information
scientific information
patent literature
Opis:
The article presents the specificity and the content of patent literature. It describes the structure of the patent documentation, possibilities of access to the scientific and technical, legal and economics information which that literature contains, and possibilities of using this information. The article mentions the most important international standards used in patent publications, recommended by the World Intellectual Property Organization. It also presents the types of computer patent databases and the most important bibliographic and full text databases accessible on CD-ROM and online, and also the specialistic publishers and commercial operators accessing patent information.
Źródło:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk; 1998, 2, 1; 139-145
1428-6394
Pojawia się w:
TASK Quarterly. Scientific Bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of Patent-Activity Level with the Usage of Discriminant Analysis
Identyfikacja poziomu aktywności patentowej z wykorzystaniem analizy dyskryminacyjnej
Autorzy:
Szajt, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/904699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
innovation
patent
discriminant function
Opis:
Tematem coraz częściej poruszanym w literaturze ekonomicznej są innowacje. Wiele opracowań dotyczy ich opisu czy zwrócenia uwagi na ich rolę we współczesnych gospodarkach. W pracy podjęto próbę wyodrębnienia poszczególnych grup państw w Europie z punktu widzenia aktywności patentowej. Podział dokonany został z wykorzystaniem metod statystycznych - w tym głównie funkcji dyskryminacyjnej. Przedstawiona analiza pozwala charakteryzować poszczególnych uczestników oraz zwrócić uwagę na różnice w prowadzonej polityce innowacyjnej w różnych państwach.
The subject, which is more and more frequently discussed in economic literature, is innovation. A lot of elaborations refer to its description and importance in modem economies. In this paper an attempt is made to separate particular country groups in Europe on the basis of patent activity. The division has been made with the usage of statistical methods - mainly discriminant function. The analysis presented in the paper allows characterizing particular participants and drawing one’s attention to the differences in innovative policy conducted in different countries.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica; 2005, 194
0208-6018
2353-7663
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The logic of patent claims
Autorzy:
Zaleski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/916195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
patent claims
intellectual property
Opis:
This article presents selected legal aspects related to the protection of intellectual property during the procedure of the patent claims. Artykuł przedstawia wybrane aspekty prawne związane z ochroną własności intelektualnej podczas procedury roszczenia patentowego.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie; 2014, 32, 3; 66-70
1896-656X
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Creating market value of research works
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/703865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
intelectual property
copyright
patent
Opis:
In the article some issues about creating market value of research works are described. They are related to the stage of planning research works, their realisation and rules of using outcomes, especially in the aspect of protecting exclusive rights (copyrights, patents) of scientific institutions and researches. The author also shows internal model of approving scientific publications destinated to dissemination. The model allows one to protect the most precious results of research works before untimely publication.
Źródło:
Nauka; 2007, 4
1231-8515
Pojawia się w:
Nauka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The analysis of Polish patent applications in the solar energy technology with the use of text mining methodology
Autorzy:
Bęben, Karolina
Nowakowska, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27313482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
solar energy patent analysis
patent documents processing
patent clustering
outliers detection
Polish Patent Office
analiza patentowa energii słonecznej
przetwarzanie dokumentów patentowych
grupowanie patentów
wykrywanie wartości odstających
Urząd Patentowy RP
Opis:
Purpose: Knowledge management belongs to the most important elements of organisational management, including manufacturing enterprises. Patent information plays an increasingly important role in this area. Identification of the main directions of invention activity may inspire new product and process ideas, and can help to improve existing solutions. The above is particularly important in the energy sector, which is currently struggling with increasing problems. In this context, solar energy is the subject of interest to inventive communities. The paper discusses patent applications related to solar energy, taking up the task of discovering the main tendencies of technological solutions in this area. Design/methodology/approach: In the work, a pilot study of the research aimed to indicate the directions of technological development in the field in Poland was undertaken. Shortened descriptions of selected patent documents from the Polish Patent Office (PPO) were the subject of the investigation. The descriptions were reduced to the form of a vector space model by using text mining tools. The exploration of such prepared data was done applying unsupervised text mining techniques. Hierarchical cluster analysis enabled the identification of groups of similar inventions. An algorithm to detect outliers within individual patent groups was also developed and applied. Findings: Five patent clusters were identified covering the following thematic areas: PV panel designs, PV panel component designs, the improvement of solar-heat conversion device performance, and solar collector designs. Six patent applications stood out thematically in four of the five clusters. Research limitations/implications: The research is limited to a selected number of patent documents form PPO. However, the presented method and research area are promising. It is planned to extend the analyses to a larger set of patent documents and solve the problem related to the language uniformity of patent applications along with merging data from various sources. In this aspect, a full patent description will be consider as well. Originality/value: In relation to solar energy issues, main patent areas and patent outliers that may be indicators of special interests of inventors were identified. In relation to methodology issues, new solutions within consecutive research steps were proposed.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2022, 162; 9--34
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhanced Cooperation and Free Movement. Territorial Aspects of ‘Harmonisation’
Autorzy:
Malaga, Miłosz
Wilińska-Zelek, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
EU law
harmonisation
unitary patent
Opis:
In this article we examine the notion of ‘harmonisation’ in its interplay with the application of provisions on the free movement of goods. Due to the introduction of the European unitary patent protection system, we are witnessing the first cases of adopting enhanced cooperation in the internal market. This fact raises new, systemic questions concerning the concept of ‘harmonisation’ in European Union law. Are only legal, substantive aspects covered by its definition or should the territorial range of a legal act be taken into account? If yes – to what extent? Since the adoption of enhanced cooperation covers the field of intellectual property rights, the above questions concern the relationship between exercising those rights on the one hand and the principle of free movement on the other. A closer look at this matter leads to the conclusion that the unitary patent might not provide the solution to one of the problems that created for. More generally, in this article we conclude that when defining the concept of ‘harmonisation’, one should take its territorial scope into account narrowly, so as not to infringe the principles of EU law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 249-267
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From the Patent to the Concept of Free Revealing – Closed and Open Model of Industrial Property
Autorzy:
Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488990.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
patent
industrial property
free revealing
inventions
Opis:
This article is based on literature studies, comparative analysis of two different models to stimulate innovative solutions and protect industrial property rights – particularly rights to inventions. For this purpose, the most important assumptions and the essence of traditional patent system based on institutional protection as well as concepts of free revealing (free access) and open innovation (open invention) were characterized. The paper also presents potential strengths and weaknesses of presented approaches – closed (traditional) and open inven-tiveness. The article gives value to the argument that, given real shortcomings, the most effective way to create and commercialize inventions would be one of a com-plementary nature, taking into account solutions offered by each of the presented approaches, changing current innovation policy. On the one hand, modern companies should not give up institutional protection of their developed technology solutions and carrying out R&D, on the other, they will be increasingly forced to resort to modern tools of stimulating innovations based on openness, direct market communication and flexible approach to innovation processes of products and services.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2014, 5, 2; 49-61
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Determinants of enterprises’ innovativeness in the light of empirical studies – case studies of Austria and Poland
Autorzy:
Brzozowska, A.
Kabus, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/323879.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
innovativeness
enterprise
patent
development
innowacyjność
przedsiębiorstwo
rozwój
Opis:
Currently, innovativeness is a key to the success of every enterprise. It is an important element of a company's organisational culture and should be included in long and short-term plans of actions. Both a company and the entire economy must develop innovative marketing solutions, offer products and services perceived as modern, and change the organisation and the occurring processes to reduce unnecessary costs and become more competitive. Innovative activities require a very consistent and long-term strategy as well as financial outlays, and they take time. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of innovativeness in the functioning of companies. The authors attempt to compare the specificity of the implementation of innovation policies in Poland and Austria. Special attention was given to the discussion on innovativeness of Polish and Austrian enterprises.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2018, 116; 7-22
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of technological progress on economic growth in developed countries. Accounting for model uncertainty and reverse causality
Autorzy:
Kyzy, Aigerim Anvarbek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uczelnia Łazarskiego. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
innovation
technology
economic growth
R&D
patent
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the determinants of technological innovation and economic growth. Moreover, it is aimed at examining whether expenditures on R&D variable has a stronger impact on economic growth, comparing to other determinants of technological development. The primary reason to choose the topic is that we are living in a century of notable technological change and investigating the relationship between technology progress and economic development is the way to find new methods of accelerating economic growth. The literature on this topic is extremely rich and many authors claim that the main driver of long-term economic growth is technological innovation. Furthermore, over the previous fifty years, a key financial finding has been that technological progress is crucial to long-term economic growth. This paper uses panel data for 19 developed countries over the period of 45 years (1973–2017) to examine the effect of such variables as expenditures on R&D, panel applications and R&D personnel on GDP per capita. The paper uses panel Bayesian Model Averaging under weak exogeneity. The results obtained show that all three indicators of technological innovation have a positive impact on per capita GDP and that expenditures on R&D have the strongest effect on economic growth.
Źródło:
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna; 2020, 1(68); 56-105
2081-5913
2545-0964
Pojawia się w:
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Double-Edged-Sword Approach to Fighting Pandemics: Patent Waivers and Incentives to Innovate
Autorzy:
Kostka, Katarzyna
Kovač, Mitja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40450184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
Pandemic
intellectual property
innovation
patent waivers
incentives
Opis:
Although continents recently experienced an apocalyptic pandemic that posed a mortal danger to millions of people, a new, even deadlier pandemic could soon emerge… The paper seeks to address the role played by patent waivers and current contractual arrangements in the pharmaceutical industry in addressing the dangers caused by the current and future pandemics. The process of waiving patents is explored where it is argued that it sadly cannot amount to the knight in shining armour that everyone has been expecting. Due to the lack of coordination, the tremendously long process, and the potential block in innovation arising from pharmaceutical companies having smaller incentives, more attention must be paid to other alternative institutional solutions. Drawing from the economics literature on innovation in the pharmaceutical sector, a conceptual framework is proposed for improved legal intervention in the case of patent waivers in international intellectual property law instruments. In addition, the paper provides a comparative law and economics treatment of current patent waivers in US, EU, and international law instruments.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 54, 3; 239-278
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is Poland an innovative country?
Autorzy:
Chybowska, D.
Chybowski, L.
Souchkov, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/409814.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
STE GROUP
Tematy:
innovativeness potential
inventions
patent mining
innovation
Polska
Opis:
The potential for innovativeness is difficult to measure, though many have attempted to do so. In order to look at Poland’s innovation potential, its current position and its opportunity to grow, compared with developing and developed countries, this study analysed the patent statistics of the Polish and European Patent Offices. Poland has been a member of the European Union for over a decade now. Therefore, we took into consideration the statistics for patent applications and grants for the last decade, up to the first quarter of 2016. The questions we wanted to answer concerned not only the technology fields that Poland patented its inventions in, but also the types of patent grantees and applicants. In order to determine why Poland is still considered to be only a moderate innovator by the Innovation Union Scoreboard, we also gathered information on Polish inventors abroad in 2015 and the first quarter of 2016, to see their number, technology fields, and types of patent grantees. Finally, we attempted to identify the main barriers that seem to inhibit Polish technology and innovation growth, despite significantly growing R&D intensities (up from 0.56 GDP and EUR 1,139 M in 2004 to 0.94 GDP and EUR 3,864 M in 2014).
Źródło:
Management Systems in Production Engineering; 2018, 1 (26); 35-41
2299-0461
Pojawia się w:
Management Systems in Production Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 66

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